2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号44

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Hetriedtocopewiththeever-increasingburdenofhiswork,butfinallyhe（）andhadtotakeacompleterest.

问题1选项

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokedown

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。breakaway“脱离,放弃,逃跑”;breakoff“突然停止;暂停”;breakup“打碎;结束”;breakdown“发生故障;毁掉”。句意:他试图处理日益增加的工作负担，但最后他，不得不彻底休息。根据“takeacompleterest”可推测，填空处应该指他的身体垮掉了，只有选项D有此含义，所以正确。

2.单选题

Howeverimportantweregardschoollifetobe,thereisnogainsayingthefactthatchildrenspendmoretimeathomethanintheclassroom.Therefore,thegreatinfluenceofparentscannotbeignoredordiscountedbytheteacher.Theycanbecomestrongalliesoftheschoolpersonnelortheycanconsciouslyorunconsciouslyhinderandthwartcurricularobjectives.

Administratorshavebeenawareoftheneedtokeepparentsapprisedofthenewermethodsusedinschools.Manyprincipalshaveconductedworkshopsexplainingsuchmatterasthereadingreadinessprogram,manuscriptwritinganddevelopmentalmathematics.

Moreover,theclassroomteacher,withthepermissionofthesupervisors,canalsoplayanimportantroleinenlighteningparents.Theinformalteaandmanyinterviewscarriedonduringtheyear,aswellasnewwaysofreportingpupils’progress,cansignificantlyaidinachievingaharmoniousinterplaybetweenschoolandhome.

Toillustrate,supposethatafatherhasbeendrillingJuniorinarithmeticprocessesnightafternight.Inafriendlyinterview,theteachercanhelptheparentsublimatehisnaturalpaternalinterestintoproductivechannels.HemightbepersuadedtoletJuniorparticipateindiscussingthefamilybudget,buyingthefood,usingayardstickormeasuringcupathome,settingtheclock,calculatingmileageonatripandengaginginscoresofotheractivitiesthathaveamathematicalbasis.

Ifthefatherfollowstheadvice,itisreasonabletoassumethathewillsoonrealizehissonismakingsatisfactoryprogressinmathematics,andatthesametime,enjoyingthework.

Toooften,however,teachers’conferenceswithparentsaredevotedtopettyaccountsofchildren’smisdemeanors,complaintsaboutlazinessandpoorworkhabits,andsuggestionforpenaltiesandrewardsathome.

Whatisneededismorecreativeapproachinwhichtheteacher,asaprofessionaladviser,plantsideasinparents’mindsforthebestutilizationofthemanyhoursthatthechildspendsoutoftheclassroom.Inthisway,theschoolandthehomejoinforcesinfosteringthefullestdevelopmentofyoungsters’capacities.

1.Thecentralideaconveyedintheabovepassageisthat（）.

2.Itcanreasonablybeinferredthattheauthor（）.

3.Wemayinferthatthewriterofthisarticledoesnotfavor（）.

问题1选项

A.hometrainingismoreimportantthanschooltrainingbecauseachildspendssomanyhourswithhisparents

B.teacherscanandshouldhelpparentstounderstandandfurthertheobjectivesoftheschool

C.therearemanywaysinwhichthemathematicsprogramcanbeimplementedathome

D.parentsunwittinglyhavehinderedandthwartedcurricularobjectives

问题2选项

A.issatisfiedwithpresentrelationshipsbetweenhomeandschool

B.feelsthatthetraditionalprograminmathematicsisslightlysuperiortothedevelopmentalprogram

C.feelsthatparent-teacherinterviewscanbemademuchmoreconstructivethantheyareatpresent

D.isoftheopinionthatteachersofthisgenerationareinferiortothoseofthelastgeneration

问题3选项

A.afather’shelpinghissonwiththelatter’sstudies

B.writtencommunicationstotheparentfromtheteacher

C.havingtheparentsobservelessonswhichthechildrenarebeingtaught

D.principal-parentconferencesratherthanteacher-parentconferences

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，第一段提出父母对孩子的影响是不容忽视的，接下来的内容主要是讨论如何帮助家长理解并且推进学校目标的关键——教师。所以选项B更能概括全文。

2.细节推理题。根据最后一段的内容，作为一名专业顾问，教师最需要的是一种创造性的方法和家长沟通，以便他们知道如何有效的利用孩子们的课外时间。由此可知，作者认为教师和家长之间的沟通可以更进一步，更具有建设性意义。选项C符合原文。

3.信息推断题。根据第三段的内容可知，老师在得到管理员允许的情况下也可以起到启发家长的重要作用，非正式的茶会和许多访谈，以及报告学生进步的新方法，都可以显著地帮助实现学校和家庭之间的和谐互动。由此可知，作者支持的是老师来进行面谈会而不是校长，所以选项D符合原文。

3.单选题

Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunare（）off.

问题1选项

A.avoided

B.excluded

C.separated

D.screened

【答案】D

【解析】近义词词义辨析。avoid“避免,躲避”;excluded“排除,驱逐”;separated“分开,隔开”;screen“筛,过滤,屏蔽”。句意:来自外太空的各种宇宙射线透过大气层到达地球,但是太阳所发出的大量辐射都被过滤掉了。选项D符合句意。

4.单选题

Asawayof（）themailswhiletheywereaway,theJohnsonsaskedthecleaningladytosendlittleprintedslipsaskingthesenderstowriteagainlater.

问题1选项

A.pickingup

B.copingwith

C.passingout

D.gettingacross

【答案】B

【解析】词组辨析。pickup捡起，获得；copewith处理，应付；passout昏倒，分发；getacross通过，使被理解。根据下文，让清洁女工把打印好的小纸条寄出去让寄件人稍后再写。这是处理邮件的一种方式，所以选项B符合句意。

5.单选题

Inthelast12yearstotalemploymentintheUnitedStatesgrewfasterthanatanytimeinthepeacetimehistoryofanycountry—from82to110millionbetween1973and1985—thatis,byafullonethird.Theentiregrowth,however,wasinmanufacturing,andespeciallyinnon-blue-collarjobs.

Thistrendisthesameinalldevelopedcountries,andis,indeed,evenmorepronouncedinJapan.Itisthereforehighlyprobablethatin25yearsdevelopedcountriessuchastheUnitedStatesandJapanwillemploynolargeraproportionofthelaborforceinmanufacturingthandevelopedcountriesnowemployinfarming—atmost,10percent.TodaytheUnitedStatesemploysaround18millionpeopleinblue-collarjobsinmanufacturingindustries.By2010,thenumberislikelytobenomorethan12million.Insomemajorindustriesthedropwillbeevensharper.Itisquiteunrealistic,forinstance,toexpectthattheAmericanautomobileindustrywillemploymorethanone-thirdofitspresentblue-collarforce25yearshence,eventhoughproductionmightbe50percenthigher.

Ifacompany,anindustryoracountrydoesnotinthenextquartercenturysharplyincreasemanufacturingproductionandatthesametimesharplyreducetheblue-collarworkforce,itcannothopetoremaincompetitive—oreventoremain“developed.”Theattempttopreservesuchblue-collarjobsisactuallyaprescriptionforunemployment.

ThisisnotaconclusionthatAmericanpoliticians,laborleadersorindeedthegeneralpubliccaneasilyunderstandoraccept.WhatconfusestheissueevenmoreisthattheUnitedStalesisexperiencingseveralseparateanddifferentshiftsinthemanufacturingeconomy.Oneistheaccelerationofthesubstitutionofknowledgeandcapitalformanuallabor.Wherewespokeofmechanizationafewdecadesago,wenowspeakof“robotization”or“automation”.Thisisactuallymoreachangeinterminologythanachangeinreality.WhenHenryFordintroducedtheassemblylinein1909,hecutthenumberofman—hoursrequiredtoproduceamotorcarbysome80percentintwoorthreeyears—farmorethananyoneexpectstoresultfromeventhemostcompleterobotization.Butthereisnodoubtthatwearefacinganewsharpaccelerationinthereplacementofmanualworkersbymachines—thatis,bytheproductsofknowledge.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theshrinkageinthemanufacturinglaborforcedemonstrates（）.

2.Americanpoliticiansandlaborlenderstendtodislike（）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,inthecoming25years,adevelopedcountryorindustry,inordertoremaincompetitive,oughtto（）.

4.Thispassagemayhavebeenexcerptedfrom（）.

问题1选项

A.thedegreetowhichacountry'sproductionisrobotized

B.areductioninacountry’smanufacturingindustries

C.aworseningrelationshipbetweenlaborandmanagement

D.thedifferencebetweenadevelopedcountryandadevelopingcountry

问题2选项

A.confusioninmanufacturingeconomy

B.anincreaseinblue-collarworkforce

C.internalcompetitioninmanufacturingproduction

D.adropintheblue-collarjobopportunities

问题3选项

A.reducethepercentageoftheblue-collarworkforce

B.preserveblue-collarjobsforinternationalcompetition

C.acceleratemotor-canmanufacturinginHenryFord'sstyle

D.solvetheproblemofunemployment

问题4选项

A.amagazineaboutcapitalinvestment

B.anarticleonautomation

C.amotor-carmagazine

D.anarticleonglobaleconomy

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】1.信息推理题。根据第四段第三句“Oneistheacceleration...“robotization”or“automation”.”知识和资本开始加速替代体力劳动。几十年前我们谈论机械化，现在我们谈论“机器人化”或“自动化”。由此可以推断，制造业劳动力的变化说明了一个国家生产的自动化程度。制造业劳动力越少，自动化程度越高，反之亦然。所以选项A正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第四段第一句可知，美国政治家和劳动力领袖不喜欢一种结论，即上一段提到的：如果一家公司、一个行业或一个国家在未来25年内不大幅增加制造业产量，同时大幅削减蓝领劳动力，那么它就不可能保持竞争力，甚至不可能保持“发达”。而这必然会导致失业，这是美国政治家和劳动力领袖不希望看到的，所以选项D正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段的内容可知，在未来25年内，行业或者国家需要在保证制造业产量的同时削减蓝领劳动力。选项A符合原文。

4.主旨推断题。文章主要讲的是随着工业化的发展，机器也就是人类知识的产物将会取代劳动力。所以文章最有可能是关于全球经济的，选项D正确。选项B太片面，文章不仅仅是讲自动化，劳动力应与经济相关，所以不选B。

6.单选题

Thenewcolleague（）tohaveworkedinseveralbigcorporationsbeforehejoinedourcompany.

问题1选项

A.confirms

B.declares

C.confesses

D.claims

【答案】D

【解析】近义词辨析。confirm确认，证实;declare宣布，声明;选项A和B都是后接名词短语或that从句;confess承认，坦白，confess(to)doingsth.承认做过某事;claim声称，断言，后可接名词短语、that从句,也可接不定式短语,不定式中的动作发生在claim之前,则用不定式完成式。所以选项D正确。

7.单选题

Youshouldn’tgotoworktoday,itisrainingsohard.（）youstillhaveatemperature.

问题1选项

A.Therefore

B.Nevertheless

C.Moreover

D.Despite

【答案】C

【解析】逻辑关系。根据句意可知，前后构成递进的关系，选项中只有Moreover表示递进，所以选项C正确。

8.单选题

IrecentlyconductedasurveytoseewhatpeoplethoughtandknewaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.IdidthisbybringingupthesubjectofMLKDayincasualconversationswithpeopleandgaugingtheirreaction.(Thesamplingwas23friends,colleagues,andstrangers;10Black,9White,3Hispanic,1Asian;4werebetweentheages42-35and19were34-20.)AllknewKingasthefamousblackcivilrightsleaderwhowaskilled,butfewknewmuchmore.Themajorityofpeopleunder30—regardlessofrace—knewlittlemore,infact.

HowisitthatJill(black,27,collegeeducated)didnotknowthatMLKwasaNobelPeacePrizerecipient?OrthatTim(white,31,collegeeducated)wascluelessaboutKing’snonviolentapproachtocivilrightsactivism?

Darlene(black,23)thoughtsheshouldhavethedayofftosleepin.ShehadnoideatheMLKdayisreallyaboutdoingsomethingtoinspireothers.

Whatisthepointofhavingadaytomarkthemanifwedonotunderstandthesignificanceofhislife?HowisitthatnotonlyoneofthegreatestAmericans,butoneofthemostinfluentialhumansinthehistoryofourplanetisnotbetterknowninthiscountry?HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.

MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasmorethanjustaninspirationalblackleader.Hisdesireandabilitytoriseabovehisownfailingsandthoseoffellowhumansupliftedusall—boththosewhowerelivingatthetimeandthosewhohavecomeafter.Evenifwedonotknowit,ourworldisabetterplacebecauseofhislight.

Dr.King’slifewasextinguishedmorethan30yearsago,butnothislight.Itisstillhereforeachofustocarry,andtoilluminateevenbrighterwithourownuniquecreativityandcontributions.

MartinLutherKing,Jr.wasbornonJanuary15,1929inAtlanta,Georgia.AftergraduatingfromMorehouseCollegeandbecomingaminister,hemadehiswaytoMontgomery,Alabamain1954.Thiswasanimportantdecisionforitwasinthesamecitythat,onDecember1ofthefollowingyear,RosaParksrefusedtogiveupherbusseattoawhiteman.KingwaselectedpresidentoftheMontgomeryImprovementAssociationandledaboycottofMontgomerybusesthroughout1956,whichbroughthimnationalrecognition.

King’slegacyofnon-violentactivismwasinfluencedbytheteachingsofJesusandGandhi.KingreinforcedandexpandedhisBiblicalconvictionsduringavisittoIndiain1959,wherehestudiedGandhi’smethodsofnon-violentprotestsduringtheearly1960’s.

Agiftedorator,KingignitedtheworldandagenerationinthecauseforAmericancivilrightswithhis“IHaveaDream”speechonAug281963toacrowdof250000inWashington,D.C.

“Wemustforeverconductourstruggleonthehighplaneofdignityanddiscipline.Wemustnotallowourcreativeproteststodegenerateintophysicalviolence.Againandagainwemustrisetothemajesticheightsofmeetingphysicalforcewithsoulforce”...“Ihaveadreamthatonedaythisnationwillriseupandliveoutthetruemeaningofitscreed:Weholdthesetruthstobeself-evident:thatallmenarecreatedequal.”...“Whenweletfreedomring,whenweletitringfromeveryvillageandeveryhamlet,fromeverystateandeverycity,wewillbeabletospeedupthatdaywhenallofGod’schildren,blackmenandwhitemen,JewsandGentiles,ProtestantsandCatholics,willbeabletojoinhandsandsinginthewordsoftheoldNegrospiritual,‘Freeatlast!Freeatlast!ThankGodAlmighty,wearefreeatlast!’”

Dr.KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeandwasnamedTimemagazine’s“PersonoftheYear”in1964.InhisNobelPrizeacceptancespeech,hesaid,“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime:theneedformantoovercomeoppressionandviolencewithoutresortingtooppressionandviolence.Manmustevolveforallhumanconflictsamethodwhichrejectsrevenge,aggressionandretaliation.Thefoundationofsuchamethodislove.”

Kingwasoneofthemostextraordinaryhumanstoevergraceourplanet.Hewasamanwhomethateandhopelesswithloveandinspiration.Heusednon-violencetopointouttheobscenityofviolence.

MartinLutherKingwasgunneddownattheLorraineMotelinMemphisonApril4,1968.Somecallitirony.Ichoosetothinkofitashisfinallessontous.

1.ThePurposeoftheauthorinwritingthepassageisto（）.

2.“HadKingbeenafootballplayeroramusician,hemayhaveregisteredbetterwiththepresentgeneration.”(Para.4)canbebestinterpretedas“（）”.

3.AccordingtoDr.King,whatisthesolutiontomajorpoliticalandmoralproblems?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMartinLutherKing,Jr.istrue?

5.Theoveralltoneofthearticlecanbebestsummarizedas（）.

问题1选项

A.condemntheterroristactionofMartinLutherKing,Jr.'sassassination

B.honorMartinLutherKing,Jr.sinceMLKDayisdrawingnear

C.criticizethepresentgenerationsfortheirignoranceofDr.King

D.highlightthesignificanceofthebeliefsandspiritofDr.King

问题2选项

A.Kingisnotrememberedbythepresentgenerationasafootballplayeroramusician

B.ThepresentgenerationisignorantofKingwhogavehislifeforthepeoplesoftheworld

C.IfKinghadturnedtomusicorsportshewouldhavebeenmoresuccessful

D.ItismeaninglesstohaveadaytomarkKingsinceheisnotfamousenough

问题3选项

A.Non-violence.

B.Armedstruggle.

C.Violentactivism.

D.BelievinginGod.

问题4选项

A.HisNobelPrizeacceptancespeechwasthefamous“IHaveaDream”speech.

B.Hewasthefirstonewhoadoptedanon-violentapproachinpoliticalstruggle.

C.HehadafirmbeliefinGod,whichhelpedtoformhisnon-violentactivism.

D.Hewasnamed“PersonoftheYear”becauseofhis“IHaveaDream”speech.

问题5选项

A.emotional

B.furious

C.indifferent

D.matter-of-fact

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合文章内容可知,本文提到马丁•路德•金不仅仅是一位伟大的黑人领袖,更重要的是他的信念和精神一直鼓舞着人们。作者写这篇文章的目的不是为了谴责刺杀马丁•路德•金的恐怖主义和人们对他的无知，也不仅仅只是为了纪念他，最主要的还是强调其信念和精神的重要性，所以选项D正确。

2.推理判断题。这句话的意思是说“如果马丁•路德•金是一位足球员或者音乐家,他可能会被现在的人所记住。”潜在的意思就是说,马丁•路德•金没有被当代人所记住,由第三段也可以看出，所以选项B正确。

3.事实细节题。根据倒数第三段的第二句“Non-violenceistheanswertothecrucialpoliticalandmoralquestionsofourtime...”非暴力是我们这个时代解决政治和道德问题的关键。选项A符合原文。

4.细节判断题。本题可采用排除法。“我有一个梦想”不是马丁•路德•金获得诺贝尔奖发表的演讲，而是在引导美国民权运动时发表的，所以选项A错误；马丁•路德•金的非暴力行动主义是受耶稣和甘地教义的影响,由此可知他不是第一人,所以选项B错误,选项C表述正确;马丁•路德•金被评为“年度人物”不是由于他的演讲，而是因为他为人类的和平和发展做出的杰出贡献,所以选项D也不正确。只有选项C正确。

5.态度判断题。结合全文可知，作者只是客观的陈述事实，没有掺杂个人情感色彩。所以选项D正确。

9.单选题

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural（）.

问题1选项

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。

根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体,指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体,指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。

10.单选题

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

问题1选项

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

问题2选项

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

问题3选项

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

问题4选项

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段前半部分的内容可知，选项A，B，C均有提及，只有选项D没有提及。

2.细节推断题。根据第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”当云层遮住太阳时，候鸟利用磁场辨别方向是非常有用的；否则它就只能着陆，等待太阳再次出来。也就是说，当天气不好的时候，鸟就必须依靠磁场来飞行了。所以选项A符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去寻找食物的蜜蜂通过复杂的舞蹈向其他工蜂传递信息，不仅告诉它们食物有多远，还告诉它们食物和太阳的相对位置。选项C符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它们的生物钟告诉它们太阳将在哪里，它们也相应地改变了方向。选项A符合原文。

11.单选题

Asregardstothedevelopmentofmoralstandardsinthegrowingchild,（）isveryimportantinparentalteaching.Toforbidathingonedayandexcuseitthenextisnofoundationformorality.

问题1选项

A.persistence

B.regularity

C.consistency

D.conformity

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。persistence持续，固执；regularity规则性，整齐；consistency一致性；conformity一致，符合。句意：关于成长中的孩子道德标准的发展，一致性在父母的教学中是非常重要的。今天禁止一件事，明天又原谅它，这不是道德的基础。强调一致的性质，所以选项C更恰当

12.单选题

Theyhadplannedtogooutingthisweekend,buttheyfinallyhadto（）itbecauseoftherainyweather.

问题1选项

A.cancel

B.eliminate

C.delay

D.prolong

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。cancel“取消,撤销”;eliminate“消除,排除”;delay“延期,耽搁”;prolong“延长,拖延”。句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游,但由于下雨,最后不得不取消了。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Recentlythenewspapershavereportedseveral（）ontheboundariesofIsraelandJordan.

问题1选项

A.accidents

B.incidents

C.events

D.happenings

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。accidents“意外事故,交通事故”；incidents“事件，事变”；events“大事件，项目”；happenings“意外发生的事”。句意：最近，报纸报道了几起发生在以色列和约旦边境上的事件。首先可排除选项A和D；选项B含有“事变”的意思，更符合语境，所以正确。

14.单选题

Thediscoveryofnewoil-fieldsinvariouspartsofthecountryfilledthegovernmentwith（）hope.

问题1选项

A.eternal

B.everlasting

C.ceaseless

D.infinite

【答案】D

【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意:全国各地新油田的发现使政府充满了无限的希望。eternal“永恒的,不朽的”;everlasting“永恒的,接连不断的”;ceaseless“不间断的;无休止的”;infinite“无限的;极大的”。选项D更符合语境。

15.单选题

Thefailureofelectricityputallthecomputersintheregionoutof（）.

问题1选项

A.work

B.tune

C.gearing

D.action

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。outofwork失业；outoftune不协调；outofgearing没有这种搭配；outofaction损坏，不运转。句意：电力故障使该地区所有的计算机无法工作。选项D符合句意。

16.单选题

Asasalesman,heworksona(n)（）basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.

问题1选项

A.income

B.commission

C.salary

D.pension

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。根据下半句句意：从他销售的每件商品中抽取10%。由此推断，填空处应该指佣金，所以选项B正确。pension指退休金，抚恤金。

17.写作题

Youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan250wordswiththetitle:MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries.DoyourcompositionneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】MyViewonTerroristActivitiesinSomeCountries18.单选题

Henrylookedverymuch（）whenhewascaughtcheatinginthebiologyexam.

问题1选项

A.discouraged

B.embarrassed

C.disappointed

D.bewildered

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析。discouraged“气馁的”;embarrassed“尴尬的”;disappointed“失望的,沮丧的”,bewildered“困惑的”。句意:当Henry在生物考试中因为作弊被抓时,他显得非常尴尬。选项B符合句意。

19.单选题

Donationsareneededto（）ourchild-careprograms.

问题1选项

A.implement

B.validate

C.strengthen

D.approve

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。implement实施，实现；validate证实，确认；strengthen加强，巩固；approve批准，赞成。句意：实施我们的托儿所项目需要捐款。选项A符合句意。

20.单选题

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

问题1选项

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

21.单选题

Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout（）byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.

问题1选项

A.failure

B.hesitation

C.trouble

D.fail

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail为固定搭配,表示“必定,务必”。句意为:你必须在明天早上十点之前把年度报告交给我。所以选项D正确。

22.单选题

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

问题1选项

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。

23.写作题

Nowadays,advertisementscanbefoundeverywhereinabigcitysuchasShanghai.Theyshoutatusfromthetelevisionscreenandradioloudspeakers,wavetousfromeverypageofthenewspaper,signaltousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandflashmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthefloodofadvertisingmakeanycontributiontooursociety?

ForthispartyouaretowriteacompositiononthetopicIfThereWereNoAdvertisements.Youshouldillustrateyourviewpointsonadvertisementinnolessthan200words.

【答案】

24.单选题

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

问题1选项

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。disposition“处置,性情”;deliberation“审议,考虑”;deterioration“恶化,退化”;diversion“消遣,转移注意力”。句意:医生非常担心病人手术后情况会恶化。选项C符合句意。

25.单选题

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

问题1选项

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。stalls货摊；statures身高，身材；stalks茎秆；statutes法令。句意：成千上万的人整个星期天上午都流连于出售从鞋子到模型火车等各种商品的小摊位。选项A符合句意。

26.单选题

Thereare（）differencesbetweentheoryandpractice.

问题1选项

A.legible

B.radical

C.medieval

D.laden

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。legible“清晰的,易辨认的”;radical“激进的,根本的,彻底的”;medieval“中世纪的,老式的,原始的”;laden“负载的,装满的”。句意:理论和实践之间有着根本的区别。选项B符合句意。

27.单选题

Povertyisnot（）inmostcitiesalthough,perhapsbecauseofthecrowdedconditionsincertainareas,itismorevisiblethere.

问题1选项

A.rare

B.temporary

C.prevalent

D.segmental

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。prevalent普遍的，流行的；segmental部分的，分段的。句意：尽管贫困在大多数城市并不普遍，或许是由于某些地区很拥挤，贫困才更为明显。选项C符合句意。

28.单选题

Theyadvisedtheirclientsto（）withanothercompany.

问题1选项

A.merge

B.engage

C.emerge

D.submerge

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。mergewith合并，与...联合；engagewith交战，与...接洽；emerge浮现，暴露；submerge淹没。句意：他们建议客户与另一家公司合作。选项A符合句意。

29.单选题

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。

30.单选题

Anyonewhotrainsanimalsrecognizesthathumanandanimalperceptualcapacitiesaredifferent.Formosthumans,seeingisbelieving,althoughwedooccasionallybroodaboutwhetherwecanbelieveoureyes.Theothersensesarelargelyancillary;mostofusdonotknowhowwemightgoabouteitherdoubtingorbelievingournoses.Butfordogs,scentingisbelieving.Adog’snoseistooursasthewrinkledsurfaceofourcomplexbrainistothesurfaceofanegg.Adogwhodidcomparativepsychologymighteasilyworryaboutourconsciousnessorlackthereof,justasweworryabouttheconsciousnessofasquid.

Wewhotakesightforgrantedcandrawpicturesofscent,butwehavenolanguagefordoingittheotherwayabout,nowaytorepresentsomethingvisuallyfamiliarbymeansofactualscent.Mosthumanscannotknow,withtheirlimitednoses,whattheycanimagineaboutbeingdeaf,blind,mute,orparalyzed.Thesightedcan,forexample,speakofablindpersonas“inthedarkness,”butthereisnocorollaryexpressionforwhatitisthatweareinrelationshiptoscent.Ifwetriedtocoinwords,wemightcomeupwithsomethinglike“scent-blind.”Butwhatwoulditmean?Itcouldn’thavethesortofmeaningthat“color-blind”and“tone-deaf”do,becausemostofushaveexperiencedwhat“tone”and“color”meaninthoseexpressions,butwedon’tknowwhat“scent”meansintheexpression“scent-blind.”Scentformanyofuscanbeonlyatheoretical,technicalexpressionthatweusebecauseourgrammarrequiresthatwehaveanountogointhesentenceswearepromptedtoutteraboutanimals,tracking.Wedon’thaveasenseofscent.Whatwedohaveisasenseofsmell—forThanksgivingdinnerandskunksandanumberofthingswecallchemicals.

SoifFidoandIaresittingontheterrace,admiringtheview,weinhabitworldswithradicallydifferentprinciplesofphenomen