2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号100

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Internationalsportshouldcreategoodwillbetweenthenations,butinthepresentorganizationoftheOlympicssomehowencourages（）patriotism.

问题1选项

A.amiable

B.obsolete

C.aggressive

D.harmonious

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。amiable“和蔼可亲的,亲切的”;obsolete“废弃的,老式的”;aggressive“侵略性的,好斗的,激进的,有进取心的”;harmonious“和谐的,和睦的”。句意:国际体育运动应该在各国之间建立友好关系,但在现在的奥运会组织中,某种程度上鼓励了激进的爱国主义。选项C符合语境。

2.单选题

Mymotherraisedmeasbestasshecould,takingonoddjobsintheneighborhoodformoney.Stillwithoutafathertotellmehowtoactandwhatwasexpectedofme,Ifeltlost.IwanderedforyearsandgotinvolvedwithtoughguysontheEastSideofNewYork.Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.Iwantedtobelikethem.

ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,afterfollowingmymother’sadvice.Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,andmythoughtsoftenrantomymother.IrealizedsuddenlyjusthowmuchofaheartacheImusthavebeentoher,howlittleIhadnoticedhersuffering.Whenmyfatherleftthisworld,mymotherwascompletelyalone.Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.Andassheworkedhardatthislabor,shekeptherheadhigh.Eachweekshewouldbringapileofbookshomefromthelibraryandreadtous.Mymotherhadwantednothingmorethanformetoturnintoanhonestresponsibleman.ButIhadactedagainsther.Finally,almosttoolateIhadthesensetofeelshame.

TenyearspassedandIreturnedtotheapartmentontheEastSide.IknewIwouldn’tfallbackinwiththewrongpeople,althoughIstillwasn’tsurewhereIwasheading.Mymother,Icouldtellwasworriedaboutme.Inmyneighborhood,tobecomeapoliceofficerorafirefighterwasamarkofsignificantsocialsuccessandachievement.Formeitwasanopportunityforarealstartinlife.IwonderedifIwasuptoit,butIknewthatitwastimetotry.WhenIfoundmyselfinthebighallraisingmyhandstotakethefirefighter’soathofoffice,mymotherwassittingafewrowsbehindwithasmileofrelief.SheknewthatatlastIwasoffonlife’sroadandmovingsteadily.Hersmilesaid,“Myjobisfinallydone.”

1.Fromthisstory,wemayguessthattheEastSideofNewYorkmustbea（）area.

2.Theauthorusedtobehavehimself（）.

3.Fromthecontext,weunderstandthat“oddjobs”inthefirstparagraphrefertojobs（）.

4.Inthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,theauthorsays“Itwasluckyformethat...”Theluckyexperiencehetalksabouthereishisexperienceof（）.

5.WhatisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.commercial

B.rich

C.poor

D.distant

问题2选项

A.oddly

B.toughly

C.remarkably

D.badly

问题3选项

A.ofcleaning,washingandironing

B.whicharenotregularorfixed

C.whichonecanmakeextramoneywith

D.withhousework

问题4选项

A.thethreeyearsofmilitaryservice

B.leavingaworldofdiscipline

C.leavingthecityandhismother

D.fightingwithtoughguys

问题5选项

A.Afterherhusbanddied,hismotherdidallavailablejobstosupportthefamily.

B.Theauthorwassurprisedthathewasacceptedasafirefighter.

C.Theauthorfinallyrealizedthathismotheralwayswantedhimtobeanhonestandresponsibleman.

D.Infaceofpoverty,hismotherneverloweredherhead.Shebravelystruggledon.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.根据第一段“Theywouldfightmadlyoveradroppedcoin.Theywouldstealtogetwhattheywanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗,他们会去偷想要的东西。由此可以推断,这个地区很贫穷,选项C正确。

2.信息推断题。根据第二段的首句“ItwasluckyformethatIleftthecityandenteredaworldofdiscipline,...”我很幸运,在听从了母亲的建议后,我离开了这座城市,进入了一个有纪律的世界。根据“discipline”可推测,作者以前的表现应该是badly,选项D最恰当。

3.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段,可知“oddjobs”是母亲做的工作。再根据第二段“Tosupportus,mymothercleanedapartmentsandtookinwashingandironingfromtheneighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段的第二句“Duringthreeyearsofmilitaryservice,Ihadtimetorethinkmylife,...”可知,作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。选项A正确。

5.信息推断题。根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“Mymotherhad...thesensetofeelshame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。

3.单选题

Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob（）youremployergivesyoupermission.

问题1选项

A.unless

B.solongas

C.otherwise

D.whereas

【答案】A

【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否则,不然”;whereas“然而,鉴于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许,否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Theconsolidationofthecrumblingwallsandtowershasbeencarriedoutin（）withaprogramagreedwithbytheDepartmentoftheEnvironment.

问题1选项

A.case

B.accordance

C.place

D.charge

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。inaccordancewith为固定搭配，表示“依照，与...一致”。

5.单选题

Anunidentifiedwitoncesaid,“laugh,andtheworldlaughswithyou.Snore,andyousleepalone.”Yetsnoringisfarfromalaughingmatter,asthoseunfortunateswithgoodhearing,whoarerightlysubjectedtothesoundsofthesnoringdisorder,willtestify.

IthasbeenestimatedthatoneofeightAmericanssnores:thismeansthatthereareapproximately21millionpeople—womenaswellasmen—whorenderanunpleasantsoundwhentheyareasleep.Andassumingthateachsnorerdisturbsthesleepofatleastoneotherperson,itnecessarilyfollowsthatthereare21millionunhappylisteners.Whileasleepingpersonbreathes,eitherinorout,severalstructuresinhisnoseandthroatgeneratethesnoring.Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.Whenthesofttissuesofthemouthandthroatcomeclosetotheliningofthethroat,thevibrationsthatoccurarecausedbythepositionofthetongue.Inshort,thenoisemadebysnoringcanbecomparedtothenoisewhenbreezesflutteraflagonapole.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.Althoughitisusuallytheprocessofinhalingorexhalingthroughthemouththatcausesnoring,shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.Inallfairnesstosnorers,however,itshouldbeemphasizedthatsnoringisaninvoluntaryoutwhichstopsastheoffenderisawakened.

1.Thesnoringiscausedby（）.

2.Ifapersonproducesshortsnores,mostprobablyhehas（）.

3.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthesnorersis（）.

问题1选项

A.thesoftpalateandotherstructuresofthethroat

B.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughthenose

C.theinflowingandoutflowingairthroughmouth

D.thevibrationsasaresultoftheinflowingandoutflowingair

问题2选项

A.asoftpalate

B.abignose

C.anopenmouth

D.asmallthroat

问题3选项

A.Thesnorerscanhavecontrolovertheiract.

B.boththelistenersandthesnorerswishtostoptheoffensivesoundofsnoring.

C.Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthepositionofthetongue.

D.Therearemorementhanwomenwhosnore.

问题4选项

A.objective

B.subjective

C.sympathetic

D.annoyed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第二段“Thesounds,comingfromthesoftpalateandothersoftstructuresofthethroat,arecausedbyvibratoryresponsestoinflowingandoutflowingair.”这些声音来自于软腭和喉咙的其他柔软结构，是由流入和流出的空气的振动反应引起的。选项D符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数第二句“shortsnortscomefromthenoseofanopen-mouthedsleeper.”张开嘴睡觉的人鼾声短促。选项C正确。

3.信息推断题。根据原文可知，打鼾是一种无意识的行为，所以选项A错误；根据原文“Thefrequencyofthevibrationsdependsonthesize,density,andelasticityoftheaffectedtissuesandontheforceoftheairflow.”可知选项C错误；选项D在文中没有提及。所以只有选项B正确。

4.态度判断题。结合文章内容可知，作者全文都是在客观的描述人们打呼噜的这个问题以及产生的原因和影响，没有掺杂个人情绪，所以选项A正确。

6.单选题

Researchershavefoundthatmigratinganimalsuseavarietyofinnercompassestohelpthemnavigate.Somedirectthemselvesbythepositionofthesun.Othersnavigatebythestars.Someusethesunastheirguideduringtheday,andthenswitchtnstarnavigationbynight.OnestudyshowsthatthehomingpigeonusestheEarth'smagneticfieldsasaguideinfindingitswayhome,andthereareindicationsthatvariousotheranimals,frominsectstomollusks,canalsomakeuseofmagneticcompasses.Itisofcourseveryusefulforamigratingbirdtobeabletoswitchtoamagneticcompasswhencloudscoverthesun;otherwiseitwouldjusthavetolandandwaitforthesuntocomeoutagain.

Evenwiththesunorstarstoguideby,theproblemsofnavigationaremorecomplicatedthantheymightseematfirst.Forexample,aworkerhoneybeethathasfoundarichsourceofnectarandpollenfliesrapidlyhometoreport.Ascientisthasdiscoveredthatthebeesentouttolookforfooddeliversherreportthroughacomplicateddancetotheotherworkersnotonlyhowfarawaythefoodis,butalsowhatdirectiontoflyinrelationtothesun.Butthesundoesnotstayinoneplaceallday.Astheworkersstartouttogatherthetoed,thesunmayalreadyhavechangeditspositionintheskysomewhat.Inlatertripsduringtheday,thesunwillseemtomovefartherandfarthertowardthewest.Yettheworkerbeeseemtohavenotroubleatallinfindingthefoodsource.Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.

1.TheauthormentionsallthefollowingnaturalphenomenathathelpanimalsnavigateEXCEPT（）.

2.Whatmakesitnecessaryforabirdtorelyonamagneticcompasswhennavigating?

3.Accordingtothepassagewhatinformationdoesthedanceofthescoutbeecommunicatetotheotherworkerbees?

4.Whatenablesthebeestoflybythesuneventhoughthesun’spositionisnotfixed?

问题1选项

A.thesun

B.thestars

C.magneticfields

D.winddirection

问题2选项

A.Thepossibilityofbadweather

B.Theconstantmotionofthesun.

C.Itspatternsofmigration.

D.Itsneedtoconstantlychangehomes.

问题3选项

A.Thetimeoftheday.

B.Whattheweatherislike.

C.Howfarawaythefoodis.

D.Whichflowersthescouthasfound.

问题4选项

A.Theyareequippedwithbiologicaltimeclocks.

B.Theyflyinformationbehindthescoutbee.

C.Theyhaveexcellenteyesight.

D.Theyhavelongmemories.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第一段前半部分的内容可知，选项A，B，C均有提及，只有选项D没有提及。

2.细节推断题。根据第一段最后一句“Itisofcourseveryuseful...thesuntocomeoutagain.”当云层遮住太阳时，候鸟利用磁场辨别方向是非常有用的；否则它就只能着陆，等待太阳再次出来。也就是说，当天气不好的时候，鸟就必须依靠磁场来飞行了。所以选项A符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“thebeesentout...flyinrelationtothesun.”被派去寻找食物的蜜蜂通过复杂的舞蹈向其他工蜂传递信息，不仅告诉它们食物有多远，还告诉它们食物和太阳的相对位置。选项C符合原文。

4.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“Theirinnerclockstellthemjustwherethesunwillbe,andtheychangetheircoursecorrespondingly.”它们的生物钟告诉它们太阳将在哪里，它们也相应地改变了方向。选项A符合原文。

7.单选题

Thebookmightwellhave（）haditbeenlessexpensive.

问题1选项

A.workedout

B.gonethrough

C.fittedin

D.caughton

【答案】D

【解析】动词短语含义辨析。workout“解决,算出,实现”;gothrough“检查,通过”;fitin“适应,适合”;catchon“理解,变得流行”。句意:如果这本书不那么贵的话,可能会很流行。选项D符合句意。

8.单选题

YouhavelivedinmanyforeigncountriessoI’dexpectyoutohavesomesortof（）peoplewhohavejustarrivedhere.

问题1选项

A.lovefor

B.concernfor

C.sympathyfor

D.empathyfor

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意:你在很多国家居住过，所以我想你应该和刚到这里的人会有一些共鸣。只有选项D符合语境。

9.单选题

Fourweeksafterthesuicidebombing,thepolicewerestillhuntingforbombersfortheybelievemorewere（）.

问题1选项

A.ontheverge

B.onthespot

C.ontheloose

D.onthesly

【答案】D

【解析】介词短语辨析。ontheverge“濒临,在…的边缘”;onthespot“当场,在危险中”;ontheloose“散漫,放荡”;onthesly“偷偷地,秘密地”。句意:自杀式爆炸事件发生四周后,警方仍在搜捕爆炸犯罪分子,因为他们相信还有更多的爆炸分子躲在暗处。选项D符合句意。

10.单选题

Ofallthewilddogs,noneismorecloselyrelatedtothe（）dogthantothewolf.

问题1选项

A.domesticated

B.barking

C.lazy

D.running

【答案】A

【解析】语境判断。根据语境可以推断，填空处应该和wild意思相反，所以选项A最为恰当。句意：对于野狗来说，他们和狼的关系比家犬和狼的关系更为亲密。

11.单选题

Marydidn’topenlyattacktheplan,butheroppositionwas（）inherfailuretosayanythinginsupportofit.

问题1选项

A.explicit

B.implicit

C.internal

D.immortal

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

WecanrelyonWilliamtocarryoutthismission,forhisjudgmentisalways（）.

问题1选项

A.inexplicable

B.healthy

C.sound

D.straight

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。inexplicable“费解的,无法说明的”;healthy“健康的,健全的”;sound“合理的,可靠的”;straight“笔直的,正直的”。句意:我们可以依靠William去执行这次任务,因为他的判断一直都很可靠。选项C符合句意。

13.单选题

Thefamousinventorwasawardedan（）doctoratebytheuniversity.

问题1选项

A.honorable

B.honorary

C.honored

D.honorific

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。honorable“可敬的,光荣的”;honorary“荣誉的,名誉的”;honored“受尊敬的”;honorific“尊敬的”。句意:那所大学授予那位著名的发明者荣誉博士学位。选项B符合句意。

14.单选题

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

问题1选项

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。decompose“分解,腐烂”;denounce“谴责,告发”;detach“分离,派遣”;deduce“推断,演绎出”。句意:炎热地区的恶劣潮湿天气会使植物迅速分解腐烂。选项A符合句意。

15.单选题

Hewas（）whenheheardtheunexpectednews,butIfinallyconvincedhim.

问题1选项

A.incredible

B.inevitable

C.incredulous

D.indifferent

【答案】C

【解析】形近词词义辨析。incredible“难以置信的,惊人的”;inevitable“必然的,不可避免的”;incredulous“怀疑的,不轻信的”;indifferent“漠不关心的,中立的”。句意:他听到这个意外的消息时很不相信,但我最终还是让他相信了。选项C符合语境。

16.单选题

Thedoctortoldmethemedicinecan（）myheadachewithoutdoingmeanyharm.

问题1选项

A.heal

B.improve

C.cure

D..treat

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。句意：医生告诉我这种药可以治愈我的头痛而不伤害我。选项A，C，D均表示治疗。heal多指创伤，外伤愈合；cure多指病后恢复健康；treat多指对伤口或者病情进行诊断，强调过程。所以选项C符合语境。

17.单选题

Extraordinarycreativeactivityhasbeencharacterizedasrevolutionary,flyinginthefaceofwhatisestablishedandproducingnotwhatisacceptablebutwhatwillbecomeaccepted.Accordingtothisformulation,highlycreativeactivitytranscendsthelimitsofanexistingformandestablishesanewprincipleoforganization.However,theideathatextraordinarycreativitytranscendsestablishedlimitsismisleadingwhenitisappliedtothearts,eventhoughitmaybevalidforthesciences.Differencesbetweenhighlycreativeartandhighlycreativescienceariseinpartfromadifferenceintheirgoals.Forthesciences,anewtheoryisthegoalandendresultofthecreativeact.Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.Suchphenomenaasabrilliantdiamondoranestingbirdarerelegatedtotheroleofdata,servingasthemeansforformulatingortestinganewtheory.Thegoalofhighlycreativeartisverydifferent:thephenomenonitselfbecomesthedirectproductofthecreativeact.Shakespeare’sHamletisnotatractaboutthebehaviorofindecisiveprincesortheusesofpoliticalpower,norisPicasso’spaintingGuernicaprimarilyaprepositionalstatementabouttheSpanishCivilWarortheevilsoffascism.Whathighlycreativeartisticactivityproducesisnotanewgeneralizationthattranscendsestablishedlimits,butratheranaestheticparticular.Aestheticparticularsproducedbythehighlycreativeartistextendorexploit,inaninnovativeway,thelimitsofanexistingform,ratherthantranscendthatform.

Thisisnottodenythatahighlycreativeartistsometimesestablishedanewprincipleoforganizationinthehistoryofanartisticfield,thecomposerMonteverdi,whocreatedmusicofthehighestaestheticvalue,comestomind.Moregenerally,however,whetherornotacompositionestablishesanewprincipleinthehistoryofmusichaslittlebearingonitsaestheticworth.Becausetheyembodyanewprincipleoforganization,somemusicalworks,suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,areofsignalhistoricalimportance,butfewlistenersormusicologistswouldincludetheseamongthegreatworksofmusic.Ontheotherhand,Mozart’sTheMarriageofFigaroissurelyamongthemasterpiecesofmusiceventhoughitsmodestinnovationsareconfinedtoextendingexistingmeans.IthasbeensaidofBeethoventhathetoppledtherulesandfreedmusicfromthestiflingconfinesofconvention.ButaclosestudyofhiscompositionsrevealsthatBeethovenoverturnednofundamentalrules.Rather,hewasanincomparablestrategistwhoexploitedlimits—therules,forms,andconventionsthatheinheritedfrompredecessorssuchasHaydnandMozart,HandelandBach—instrikinglyoriginalways.

1.Theauthorconsidersanewtheorythatcoherentlyrelatesdiversephenomenatooneanothertobethe（）.

2.TheauthorimpliesthatBeethoven’smusicwasstrikinglyoriginalbecauseBeethoven（）.

3.ThepassagestatesthattheoperasoftheFlorentineCamerataare（）.

4.Theauthorregardstheideathatallhighlycreativeartisticactivitytranscendslimitswith（）.

5.Theauthorimpliesthataninnovativescientificcontributionisonethat（）.

问题1选项

A.basisforreaffirmingawell-establishedscientificformulation

B.byproductofanaestheticexperience

C.toolusedbyascientisttodiscoveranewparticular

D.resultofhighlycreativescientificactivity

问题2选项

A.strovetooutdohispredecessorsbybecomingthefirstcomposertoexploitlimits

B.fundamentallychangedthemusicalformsofhispredecessorsbyadoptingarichlyinventivestrategy

C.embellishedandinterwovethemelodiesofseveralofthegreatcomposerswhoprecededhim

D.manipulatedtheestablishedconventionsofmusicalcompositioninhighlyinnovativefashion

问题3选项

A.unjustifiablyignoredbymostofmusicologiststoday

B.notgenerallyconsideredtobeofhighaestheticvalue

C.musicalworkswithpopularhistoricalthemes

D.examplesofmusicalworkswithnewprincipleoforganization

问题4选项

A.deepskepticism

B.strongindignation

C.markedindifference

D.moderateamusement

问题5选项

A.iscitedwithhighfrequencyinthepublicationsofotherscientists

B.doesnotrelegateparticularstotheroleofdata

C.introducesanewvalidgeneralization

D.presentsthediscoveryofanewscientificfact

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”创造性科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联。由此可知，把不同的现象连贯地联系起来是高度的创造性科学所产生的结果。选项D符合原文。

2.信息判断题。根据第二段的末尾几句可知，贝多芬并没有推翻任何基本规则。相反，他是一个无与伦比的谋略家，他以惊人的独创的方式，利用了他从前辈如海顿、莫扎特、亨德尔和巴赫那里继承来的规则、形式和惯例。所以选项D符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据关键词“FlorentineCamerata”定位到第二段第三句“suchastheoperaoftheFlorentineCamerata,...thegreatworksofmusic.”如佛罗伦萨卡米拉塔的歌剧，尽管具有显著的历史重要性，但很少有听众或音乐学家会把它们列入伟大的音乐作品之中。也就是说不被普遍认为具有很高的审美价值，选项B与原文表述一致。

4.观点态度题。根据第一段的第三句“However,theideathat...validforthesciences.”然而，将非凡的创造力超越既定限制的观点应用到艺术上是有误导性的，尽管它可能适用于科学。由此推断，作者的态度是怀疑的，选项A正确。

5.细节推理题。根据段第六句“Innovativescienceproducesnewpropositionsintermsofwhichdiversephenomenacanberelatedtooneanotherinmorecoherentways.”创新科学产生新的命题，在这些命题中，不同的现象可以以更连贯的方式相互关联，选项C符合原文。

18.单选题

Prof.White,myrespectedtutor,frequentlyremindsmeto（）myselfofeverychancetoimprovemyEnglish.

问题1选项

A.assure

B.inform

C.avail

D.notify

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。

19.单选题

Hisheart（）withexcitementashewaswaitingforthereceptionbytheleaders.

问题1选项

A.flapped

B.flourished

C.flushed

D.fluttered

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。flap“拍打,扔,飘动”;flourish“繁荣,活跃,夸耀”;flush“发红,使激动”;flutter“扑动,震颤”。句意:在等待领导接见时,他激动得心怦怦直跳。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Lifeinsuranceisfinancialprotectionfordependentsagainstloss（）thebread-winner'sdeath.

问题1选项

A.atthecostof

B.onthevergeof

C.asaresultof

D.forthesakeof

【答案】C

【解析】副词词义辨析。atthecostof以...为代价；onthevergeof濒临于，接近于；asaresultof因此，由于；forthesakeof为了。句意：人寿保险为被保者的家属提供经济保障,以防止因养家糊口的人去世而造成的损失。选项C符合句意。

21.单选题

Themanufacturerwasforcedtoreturnthemoneytotheconsumersunder（）oflaw.

问题1选项

A.guideline

B.definition

C.constraint

D.identity

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。guideline“指导方针”;definition“定义,解说”;constraint“约束,强制”;identity“身份,特性,一致”。句意:生产商迫于法律的约束不得不把钱退还给客户。选项C符合句意。

22.单选题

AtWembley,thehomeoffootball,countlessthousandsofpeoplespendSundaymorningamongstthe（）sellingeverythingfromshoestomodeltrains.

问题1选项

A.stalls

B.statures

C.stalks

D.statutes

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。stalls货摊；statures身高，身材；stalks茎秆；statutes法令。句意：成千上万的人整个星期天上午都流连于出售从鞋子到模型火车等各种商品的小摊位。选项A符合句意。

23.单选题

AlthoughVenusisthenearestplanetoftheEarth,littleisknownaboutitbecauseitis（）coveredbythickclouds.

问题1选项

A.closely

B.curiously

C.regularly

D.constantly

【答案】D

【解析】副词词义辨析。closely紧密地，严密地；curiously好奇地；regularly有规律地；constantly不断地，时常地。句意：尽管金星是离地球最近的行星，但由于它时常被厚厚的云层所覆盖，人们对它知之甚少。选项D符合句意。

24.单选题

Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat（）wehadtostopforrefreshments.

问题1选项

A.atlarge

B.atease

C.atrandom

D.atintervals

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配词组辨析。atlarge“详尽的”;atease“安逸,舒适”;atrandom“随便地,任意地”;atintervals“不时地,间断地”。句意:讨论时间太长,使人精疲力竭,我们不得不不时地停下来吃点点心。选项D符合句意。

25.单选题

Hehaslittletrouble（）thetiresofhiscar.

问题1选项

A.tofix

B.fix

C.fixing

D.withfixing

【答案】C

【解析】特殊用法。havetrouble后接动名词,表示“在…方面有困难和麻烦”。选项C正确。

26.单选题

Makingprivatephonecallsontheofficephoneisseverely（）oninourcountry.

问题1选项

A.criticized

B.regarded

C.objected

D.frowned

【答案】A

【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：在我国，用办公室电话打私人电话会受到严厉的批评。选项A符合句意。frowned皱眉，不满。

27.单选题

Theactualcostofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthanouroriginal（）.

问题1选项

A.consideration

B.judgment

C.estimate

D.plan

【答案】C

【解析】名词词义辨析。consideration“考虑;报酬”;judgment“判断,辨别力”;estimate“估计,判断”。句意:这座建筑物的实际成本比我们原来的估计高得多。选项C符合句意。

28.单选题

Jackcametothepartywithayoungwoman,whomI（）tobehisgirlfriend.

问题1选项

A.pretended

B.supposed

C.resumed

D.granted

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。pretended“假装”;supposed“猜想”;resumed“继续,重新开始”;granted“同意,授予”。句意:Jack和一个年轻女子一起来参加聚会,我猜想应该是他的女朋友。选项B符合句意。

29.单选题

Crisiswouldbetherighttermtodescribethe（）inmanyanimalspecies.

问题1选项

A.minimization

B.restriction

C.descent

D.decline

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。minimization最小化；restriction限制；descent下降；decline衰退。既然是危机，表示事态比较严重，所以用衰退来形容许多动物物种最为恰当。选项D正确。

30.单选题

Amanhastomake（）forhisoldagebyputtingasideenoughtoliveonwhenold.

问题1选项

A.supply

B.assurance

C.provision

D.adjustment

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。makeprovisionfor指为...预先采取措施,为…作好准备。句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备,存下足够的钱以备老年之需。选项C正确。

31.单选题

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweekto（）themselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear'sdefeat.

问题1选项

A.remedy

B.reproach

C.revive

D.revenge

【答案】D

【解析】形近词辨析。remedy补救，治疗；reproach责备；revive使复兴，使苏醒；revenge报仇，雪耻。句意：西班牙队虽然状态不佳，但下周他们将竭尽全力为去年的失利向德国队一雪前耻。选项D符合句意。

32.单选题

Theliberalartseducationasksthatweconfrontourunexaminedworldviewwithhistoricalunderstanding,newtheoriesandintercultural（）.

问题1选项

A.prospects

B.perspectives

C.aspects

D.respects

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。prospect“前景;期望”;perspective“观点，远景”;aspect“方面，形势”;respect“尊敬,尊重”。句意:文科教育要求我们用历史理解、新理论和跨文化视角来看待我们未经检验的世界观。

根据句意可知，填空处是表示看待未经检验的世界观的方式和角度，perspectives和aspects都有“角度”的意思。但perspective强调主体,指人观察或思考的角度;而aspect强调客体,指事物的某个方面。句中强调的是我们看待世界的跨文化角度，所以选项B更符合语境。

33.单选题

Shoulddoctorseverlietobenefittheirpatients—tospeedrecoveryortoconcealtheapproachofdeath?Inmedicineasinlaw,government,andotherlinesofwork,therequirementsofhonestyoftenseemdwarfedbygreaterneeds:theneedtoshelterfrombrutalnewsortoupholdapromiseofsecrecy.

Whatshoulddoctorssay,forexample,toa46-year-oldmancominginforaroutinephysicalcheckupwho,thoughhefeelsinperfecthealth,isfoundtohaveaformofcancer?Ifheasks,shouldthedoctordenythatheisill,orminimizethegravityoftheillness?Doctorsconfrontsuchchoicesoftenandurgently.Attimes,theyseeimportantreasonstolieforthepatient’sownsake.Intheireyes,suchliesdiffersharplyfromself-servingones.

Studiesshowthatmostdoctorssincerelybelievethattheseriouslyilldonotwanttoknowthetruthabouttheircondition,andthatinformingthemrisksdestroyingtheirhope,sothattheymayrecovermoreslowly,ordeterioratefaster,perhapsevencommitsuicide.Asonephysicianwrote:“Oursisaprofessionwhichtraditionallyhasbeenguidedbyapreceptthattranscendsthevirtueofutteringthetruthfortruth’ssake,andthatis,asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”Armedwithsuchaprecept,anumberofdoctorsmayslipintodeceptivepracticesthattheyassumewill“donoharm”andmaywellhelptheirpatients.

Buttheillusorynatureofthebenefitssuchdeceptionismeanttoproduceisnowcomingtobedocumented.Studiesshowthat,contrarytothebeliefofmanyphysicians,anoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsdowanttobetoldthetruth,evenaboutgraveillness,andfeelbetrayedwhentheylearnthattheyhavebeenmisled.Wearealsolearningthattruthfulinformation,humanelyconveyed,helpspatientscopewithillness.

Notonlydoliesnotprovidethe“help”hopedforbyadvocatesofbenevolentdeception,theyinvadetheautonomyofpatientsandrenderthemunabletomakeinformedchoicesconcerningtheirownhealth.Liesalsodoharmstothosewhotellthem:harmtotheirintegrityand,inthelongrun,totheircredibility.Lieshurttheircolleaguesaswell.Thesuspicionofdeceitundercutstheworkofthemanydoctorswhoarescrupulouslyhonestwiththeirpatients;itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensivemedicine”,andthusitinjures,inturn,theentiremedicalprofession.

1.Doctorsthinkthatlyingtotheirpatientsis（）.

2.Mostpatientsthinkthatbeingtoldthetruthoftheirillnessmay（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsdoctors?

问题1选项

A.amedicaltradition

B.toharmtheirownintegrity

C.todefendmedicine

D.utteringthetruthfortruth’ssake

问题2选项

A.slowdownrecovery

B.leadtosuicideinsomecases

C.betoohardforthemtoaccept

D.helpdealwithillness

问题3选项

A.Doctorsareofteninadilemmaastotellthepatienthisrealconditionofhealth.

B.Doctors’reluctancetotellpatienttruthhasnorealsupportinreality.

C.Doctors’liesaredifferentfromthatoflawyersandgovernmentofficials.

D.Doctorsandpatientsholddifferentviewsabouttellingtruth.

问题4选项

A.realistic

B.praising

C.objective

D.appreciative

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】1.信息推断题。根据第三段的第二句“Oursisaprofession...asfaraspossible‘donoharm’.”我们这个职业，传统上恪守一个信条，这个信条超越了为真理而说真话的美德，那就是尽可能“不伤害他人”。由此可知，医生认为对病人撒谎是一种医学传统。选项A符合原文。

2.事实细节题。根据第四段的内容可知，研究表明，与许多医生的信念相反，绝大多数患者希望被告知真相，甚至是关于严重疾病的真相。真实的信息和人性化的传达，有助于病人应对疾病。选项D符合原文。

3.信息判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“itcontributestothespiraloflawsuitsandof“defensive