2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号39

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Withthecombinationofintelligenceand（）skills,peoplehavefoundwaystouseplantandanimalresources,mineralores,fuels,andmanyotherofEarth'smaterialsandresources.

问题1选项

A.plausible

B.elegant

C.exterior

D.manual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。plausible“看似可信的，花言巧语的”；elegant“优雅的”；exterior“外部的，外面的”；manual“体力的，手控的”。句意：通过智慧和动手技巧，人们已经找到了利用动植物资源、矿石、燃料以及地球上许多其他物质和资源的方法。只有D项符合句意。

2.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

问题4选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题5选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度赞扬在这片新土地上所能找到的自由和机会。可知D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”正确。

2.语义题。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的进步同步”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。可知一个人的回报与其付出成正比，付出越多，回报越大。故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales。霍雷肖•阿尔杰(HoratioAlger)是一位为小男孩写小说的作家，他的白手起家的故事成为美国最畅销的作家。可知Horatio是凭借自己的劳动从白手起家到成功致富的人。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神话甚至已经侵入了我们的人际关系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事业中取得成功一样重要。”可知美国人追求生活各方面的成功。故B项正确。

5.细节事实题。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。由此可知美国文化当中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面却希望将自己与别人区分开来，美国人追求的与其信仰冲突，故D项正确。

3.填空题

Thechemical（）（fertile）iswidelyusedintheruralarea.

【答案】fertilizer

【解析】放在形容词后，故用名词形式。

4.单选题

Someonewhois（）usuallysaystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.fantastic

C.sarcastic

D.romantic

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。artistic“艺术的，风雅的”;fantastic“奇异的；不可思议的；极好的”;sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人经常说反话来侮辱别人。由后半句saystheoppositeofwhattheyreallymeaninordertoinsultsomeone可知此空填贬义词，并且只有C项符合所描述的对象的特征，故C项正确。

5.单选题

Heputaspecial（）foranextraday’sholidayssothathecouldattendhisdaughter’swedding.

问题1选项

A.request

B.inquiry

C.enquiry

D.proposal

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。request“请求，需要”；inquiry“探究，调查”；enquiry“询问，询盘”；proposal“提议，建议”。句意：他提出要请一天假以便能够参加他女儿的婚礼。requestfor“要求，对…有请求”，只有A项符合句意。

6.单选题

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.

问题1选项

A.liberal

B.literate

C.literal

D.literacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。liberal“自由主义的，慷慨的”；literate“受过教育的，精通文学的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻译往往不是最贴近原文意思的翻译。只有D项符合句意。

7.单选题

Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.Wehave,byandlargeacceptedthepropositionthatpeopledon'tcareaboutforeignnews,don'treallycaremuchabouthardnews-atall-that"feel-goodnews,entertainment,“info-tainment”，features,andgossipsellbetterthananythingseriousandcertainlysellbetterthananythingtoodisturbing.

Ibelievethatkindoftalkiswrong.Ibelievethatkindoftalkisdangerous.And1knowthatkindoftalkhasnothingtodowithleadershipandpublicservice.Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.

Ofcourse.Thereisonespecialproblemforthoseofuswhoearn,ourlivingreportingthenewsthatothersmake.Leadershiprequiresdefiniteopinionsonwhichcoursetotake,whatpathtofollow;butthoseofusinthemainstreammediaaretrainedtosetouropinionsasideasfarashumanlypossible.Wetrytokeepopenminds;byandlarge,wearen'tjoiners.Weknow(oftenbetterthanwe’regivencreditfor)thatwedon’thaveanysecretformulasforansweringtheimportantquestions.Sowecanjustifiablyask:“Howarewetolead?”Iknowthatweinthemediaare.GeorgeBernardShawonceobservedthatnewspapersareunabletodistinguishbetweenabicycleaccidentandthecollapseofcivilization.Forus,leadershipshouldbethewillingnesstodistinguishbetweenwhat’smerelyinterestingandwhat’svitallyimportant.

Now,whensomeonesaysthatsomestoriesaremoreimportantthanothers,heorsheisoftenlabeledanelitist,someone,whojustdoesn'tunderstandwhat“realpeople’’careabout.Thisis,ofcourse,thefamiliardefensefortrashtelevisionandtrashtabloids.Andit'salsothereasongivenforreducingforeignnewscoverageaswellascoveragepoliticalcampaigns.Therearealotofpeopleinthebusinesswhosay“realpeoplewon’tcareunlessitbleedsorbums.Therearealotofdoctorsandmarketresearchersouttherewhoinsistthat"realpeople”don'tcaremuchwhathappensintherestoftheworld-theywantthewordsAmericanandtheUnitedStatesplasteredallovertheirnewslikeflagscrowdingacampaignplatform.

1.Whichofthefollowingwordscansubstituteduckinthesecondparagraph?

2.WhatdidHarryTrumanmeanbysayingthat“ifMoseshadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverhaveleftEgypt?’’

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thetoneofthepassageis（）.

5.Accordingtothewriter,themediashould（）.

问题1选项

A.shoulder

B.assume

C.dodge

D.confront

问题2选项

A.MosesdidnotwanttoleaveEgypt,buthewasforcedto.

B.Mosesshouldhavetakenapublicopinionpollbeforehemadethedecision.

C.MosesleftEgyptbecausehedidnottakeapublicopinionpoll.

D.Anyonewhowantstodosomethinggreatshallactresolutely.

问题3选项

A.IntheU.S.,localnewshadawidercoveragethanforeignnews.

B.Localnewsismoreseriousthanforeignnews.

C.“Realpeople”favorforeignnewsoverlocalnews.

D.ForeignnewsisforbiddenintheU.S.

问题4选项

A.commanding

B.critical

C.ironical

D.appreciative

问题5选项

A.reportwhatthe"realpeople'like

B.basetheirdecisionsonthepublicopinion

C.havetheirownjudgmentinwhatistobebroadcast

D.learnfromthepoliticiansinmakingstrategies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.词义题。Usingpublicopinionpolls,focusgroups,andothermarketresearchtechniquesinalimitedroleasinformationaltoolsisonething:usingthemasanexcusetoduckourresponsibilitytothepublictrustisquiteanother.利用民意调查、焦点小组和其他市场调查技术作为有限的信息工具是一回事，利用它们作为借口（）我们对公众的责任是另一回事。由借口可推测出是逃避对公众的责任。故C项正确。

2.语义题。HarryTrumanoncesaidthat,ifMosesbadtakenapublicopinionpoll,hewouldneverleftEgypt.哈里•杜鲁门曾经说过，如果摩西•巴特过去做了民意调查，他就不会离开埃及。由此可知摩西巴特过去没做过民意调查，并且他已经离开了埃及。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第一段“Asjournalismbecomesmoreandmorecompetitive,allofus-whetherinbroadcastnewsorinprint(somemaywanttoarguethatthisistruemoreofbroadcastnews,andIperhapswouldn’twanttodebatethat)-arefallingbackonthetriedandtruelocalnewsformulas.随着新闻变得越来越有竞争力,我们所有人——无论是在广播新闻或已出版的新闻(有些可能会认为这是正确的广播新闻,我也许不想辩论)——回落在尝试和真正的本地新闻公式。由此可知在美国，人们更关注当地新闻。故A项正确。

4.观点态度题。本文第二三四段所提到的内容都带有作者的评论。故本篇文章的口吻是评论性的。B项正确。

5.判断推理题。由第二段“Andforjournaliststobecomeslavestomarketresearch-likethepoliticiansbeforeus-is,Isubmit,mostdangerousofall.Wherearethepublishers,editors,andreportersofgrit,gumption,andguts?Wherearetheoneswhowillfollowtheirconscienceoreventheir“nosefornews”insteadofthepublicopinionpolls?我认为，记者成为市场研究的奴隶——就像我们之前的政客一样——是最危险的。那些关于勇气、进取心和胆量的出版商、编辑和记者在哪里?那些凭良心、甚至凭嗅觉而不是凭民意来判断新闻的人在哪里？”可知作者认为记者应该有自己的判断力，而不是听信民意调查。故C项正确。

8.单选题

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型。强调句的结构为itis+被强调部分+that….故D项正确。句意：她住在伦敦的时候遇见了她的丈夫Terry.

9.单选题

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbymanyvariables,suchaslanguage,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

（42）Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentcomefromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture---onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

2.Accordingtotheauthor,thebusinessmodelofPepsi（）.

3.Tothefirstschoolofthoughtinthebusinessworld,（）.

4.Theinformationinthispassageismeantforthose（）.

5.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

问题1选项

A.Itisimpossibleforinternationalmanagerstolearnaforeignculture.

B.Factualknowledgeofculturehastobelearnedkeenedthroughexperience.

C.Oneneedsbothfactualandinterpretativeknowledgeofcultureintheinternationalmarketplace.

D.Tolearnaforeignlanguagewellisthefirststeptodealwiththeculturalchallengeoftheinternationalmarketplace.

问题2选项

A.offersabetterwaytodealwiththecomplicatedculturalchallenges

B.issimilartothatofMcDonald’s

C.doesnotbelieveinglobalization

D.hasovercomeculturaldifferencesinbusiness

问题3选项

A.doingbusinessislikeanorgantransplant

B.differentpoliciesshouldbesetupindifferentcountries

C.businessisbusinesstheworldaround

D.peoplewhobelieveinthesecondschoolofthoughthavemyopia

问题4选项

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohavefriendsorrelativelivingabroad

C.whowanttotravelorstudyabroad

D.whowanttodobusinessinothercountries

问题5选项

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.followsimplerrulesintheirbusinessoperation

C.allhavethequalityofpatience

D.allhaveconnectionsoverseas

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。由第一段Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.为了适应这一体系，一个国际经理需要事实知识和解释性知识。可知C项“在国际市场中，一个人既需要事实知识，也需要解释性知识。”正确。A项“国际经理不可能学习外国文化”文中没有提到；B项“文化中的事实知识需要从经验中获得”与“Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.在某种程度上，事实知识是可以学习的;它的解释只来自于经验。”不符；D项文中未提到。故C项正确。

2.细节事实题。由题干关键词Pepsi定位到第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。由此可知百事和麦当劳的商业模式相似。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段OneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaroundfollowingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald's.一是商业就是世界的商业，效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。可知C项正确。

4.意图题。文章开篇就提到了在国际市场上，国际经理应该具备的知识。最后一段也提及了成功的国际公司应有的品质及遵循的原则。所以本文信息主要对与其他国家做生意的人有用。故D项正确。

5.细节事实题。由最后一段“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.国际上成功的公司都有一个重要的品质:耐心。”故C项正确。

10.单选题

Heistheonlypersonwhocan（）inthiscase,becausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。testify“作证;证明”;charge“充电；控告”；accuse“控告;指控”；rectify“改正”。句意：我是唯一能在该案件中作证的人，因为其他证人都被神秘杀害了。由后半句内容以及witnesses“证人”知A项“作证”正确。

11.单选题

Nobodyknows（）howmanypeoplearetobeblameforthecoal-mineaccident,sothegovernmentistryingtofindoutthewholetruthabouttheaccident.

问题1选项

A.inwardly

B.honestly

C.cleverly

D.precisely

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。inwardly“向内地，在内部”；honestly“真诚地，公正地”；cleverly“聪明地”；precisely“精确地，恰恰”。句意：没有人（）知道有多少人要为煤矿事故负责，所以政府正尝试查明整个事故的全部真相。由后半句“政府决定查明整个事情的真相”可推知没有人非常准确地知道这个事故。故D项符合句意。

12.单选题

Theymayoftenhaveto（）socialeveningsandholidaysbecauseoftheirbusywork.

问题1选项

A.forgo

B.forfeit

C.abandon

D.forgive

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。forgo“放弃；停止；断念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失职、违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）”；abandon“遗弃；放弃”；forgive“原谅”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他们不得不放弃社交晚宴和假期。由becauseoftheirbusywork可知他们放弃了社交晚宴和假期，故A项正确。

13.单选题

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata（）mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。manually“手动地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休闲地，从容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活泼地”。句意：晚上他们在酒店碰面，对这一天都很满足，他们开心地一起吃了一顿（）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一会儿舞。由and后面的内容“跳舞”可推知and前面的内容的状态也是比较悠闲，轻松的，故C项正确。

14.单选题

Thefirstanimalsonthislivingsphere,theEarth,wereprimitive（）animals,andthenaround500millionyearsagotheseseaanimalsdevelopedshells.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.marine

C.predatory

D.feasible

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。versatile“多才多艺的”；marine“海生的，海产的”；predatory“掠夺的，掠夺成性的”；feasible“可行的”。句意：地球上第一类动物是海洋类生物，5亿年前这些海洋生物逐渐长出了外壳。由后半句的“shells”可推知第一批动物是海生动物，没有外壳；而且只有B项能修饰动物。

15.单选题

（）,itisquiteeasytodrillaholeonitwithlaser.

问题1选项

A.Asthediamondishard

B.Howhardisthediamond

C.Hardasthediamondis

D.Hardalthoughthediamondis

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装用法。由前后两句的关系可知，前一个分句为让步状语，由此知B项与D项不正确；再由as引导让步状语从句时，后面做表语的名词或形容词要放在as前来形成倒装，故C项正确。句意：钻石虽硬，但是用激光很容易钻一个洞。

16.翻译题

Themediahelpdemocracywhentheyprovidemorechoicestomorepeople,buttheydonofavorstodemocracywhentheyturnthemselvesfrombeacons（信号站）oflightintoheat-seekingmissiles.Forexample,thepresident’s1995StateoftheUnionaddresstookmorethananhour,whichapparentlywasaboutahalfhourmorethanthepatienceofmostnetworkcommentators（commentator:personwhocomments）couldtolerate.Intheirinstantanalysisafterthespeech,theyallcriticizeditslengthand“lackoffocus’’.Yetjudgingbypollsandtalkshowsthenextday,mostAmericansappearedtoappreciatethecontentofthepresident’sspeech.Todaythemediainvestigatelessandpreachmore……

【答案】当媒体为更多的人提供更多的选择时，媒体有助于民主政治，而当媒体由灯光信号站转变为热导导弹时，媒体将不利于民主政治。比如，总统发表的1995年国情咨文报告花了一个多小时，这显然超出了大多数网络评论家（评论员：发表评论的人）所能承受的大约半小时的容忍度。演说结束后，网络评论家即时对演说做出分析，批判演说的长度而且“缺乏重点”。然而，从第二天的民意调查结果和现场访谈来看，大多数美国人似乎很欣赏总统演讲的内容。当今媒体调查少，宣传多.......

17.单选题

Asisknowntoall,therailservicenowoperateswithoutasumofmoneygrantedbythegovernmentforassistance.

问题1选项

A.bonus

B.yield

C.pension

D.subsidy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。bonus奖金；yield收益：pension养老金；subsidy补贴，津贴，补助金。句意：众所周知，铁路服务并没有获得政府提供的一笔援助金。故D项正确。

18.单选题

TheJapanesepersonnelmanagerhadto（）keepingachemistonthepayrolleventhoughthecompanynolongerneededhisexpertise.

问题1选项

A.modify

B.justify

C.sustain

D.launch

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。modify“修改，修饰”；justify“证明…是正当的”；sustain“维持，支撑”；launch“发起，发动”；句意：尽管不再需要化学家的专业才能，这位日本人事经理仍然把他留下。eventhough表明前后句为让步关系，由后半句“尽管不再需要该化学家的专业才能”可推知前半句“仍然将其留下”符合句意。故C项正确。

19.单选题

Toparaphrase18lh-centurystatesmanEdmundBurke,“allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.”Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates,whoseargumentsareconfusingthepublicandtherebythreateningadvancesinhealthknowledgeandcare.Leadersoftheanimalrightsmovementlargerbiomedicalresearchbecauseifdependsonpublicfunding,andfewpeopleunderstandtheprocessofhealthcareresearch.Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.

Forexample,agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines.Askedifsheopposedimmunizations,shewantedtoknowifvaccinescomefromanimalresearch.Whenassuredthattheydo,shereplied,"ThenIwouldhavetosayyes.”Askedwhatwillhappenwhenepidemicsreturn,shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”Suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon'tunderstand.

Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate,understandableway—inhumanterms，notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.Weneedtomakecleartheconnectionbetweenanimalresearchandagrandmother'shipreplacement,afather’sbypassoperation,ababy’svaccinations,andevenapet’sshots.Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.

Muchcanbedone.Scientistscould“adopt”middleschoolclassesandpresenttheirownresearch.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightsmisinformationgounchallengedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.Researchinstitutionscouldbeopenedtotours,toshowthatlaboratoryanimalsreceivehumanecare.Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.Ifgoodpeopledonothingthereisarealpossibilitythatanuninformedcitizenrywillextinguishthepreciousembersofmedicalprogress.

1.TheauthorbeginshisarticlewithEdmundBurke’swordsto（）.

2.Misledpeopletendtothinkthatusingananimalinresearchis（）.

3.Theexampleofthegrandmotherlywomanisusedtoshowthepublic’s（）.

4.Theauthorbelievesthat,infaceofthechallengefromanimalrightsadvocates,scientistsshould（）.

5.FromthetextwelearnthatStephenCooperis（）.

问题1选项

A.callonscientiststotakesomeactions.

B.criticizethemisguidedcauseofanimalrights

C.warnofthedoomofbiomedicalresearch.

D.showthetriumphoftheanimalrightsmovement.

问题2选项

A.cruelbutnatural.

B.inhumanandunacceptable

C.inevitablebutvicious

D.pointlessandwasteful.

问题3选项

A.discontentwithanimalresearch.

B.ignoranceaboutmedicalscience.

C.indifferencetoepidemics.

D.anxietyaboutanimalrights.

问题4选项

A.communicatemorewiththepublic.

B.employhi-techmeansinresearch.

C.feelnoshamefortheircause.

D.strivetodevelopnewcures.

问题5选项

A.awell-knownhumanist.

B.amedicalpractitioner.

C.anenthusiastinanimalrights.

D.asupporterofanimalresearch.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.意图题。由第一段的allthatisneededforthetriumphofamisguidedcauseisthatgoodpeopledonothing.Onesuchcausenowseekstoendbiomedicalresearchbecauseofthetheorythatanimalshaverightsrulingouttheiruseinresearch.Scientistsneedtorespondforcefullytoanimalrightsadvocates....一个被误导的事业要想取得胜利，唯一需要做的就是好人什么也不做。一个这样的事业现在正寻求结束生物医学研究，因为动物有权利排除在研究中使用它们的理论。科学家需要对动物权利倡导者做出强有力的回应。可知这段话是实际上表达的是一种呼吁，故A项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段末句“Hearingallegationsofcrueltytoanimalsinresearchsettings,manyareperplexedthatanyonewoulddeliberatelyharmananimal.听到在研究环境中虐待动物的指控，许多人感到困惑，为什么有人会故意伤害动物。”和第三段“Tothosewhoareunawarethatanimalresearchwasneededtoproducethesetreatments,aswellasnewtreatmentsandvaccines,animalresearchseemswastefulatbestandcruelatworst.对那些不知道需要动物研究来生产这些疗法以及新疗法和疫苗的人来说，动物研究往好了说是浪费，往坏了说是残忍。可知人们认为用动物做研究是残忍的，是无法接受的。故B项正确。

3.判断推理题。agrandmotherlywomanstaffingananimalrightsboothatarecentstreetfairwasdistributingabrochurethatencouragedreadersnottouseanythingthatconiesfromoristestedinanimals-nomeat,nofur,nomedicines...shesaid,“Don’tworry,scientistswillfindsomewayofusingcomputers.”在最近的一次集市上，一位站在动物权利摊位上的老奶奶正在散发小册子，鼓励读者不要使用任何动物制品或动物试验制品——肉类、毛皮、药物。当被问及是否反对免疫接种时，她想知道疫苗是否来自动物研究。她回答说:“当我确定他们会的时候，我就不得不说是。”当被问及流行病卷土重来时会发生什么时，她说:“不用担心，科学家们会找到使用电脑的方法。”以及最后一句suchwell-meaningpeoplejustdon’tunderstand.这样好心的人就是不明白。据此可知作者用老奶奶的例子来表明公众对医学研究的无知。故B项正确。

4.细节事实题。由第三段Scientistsmustcommunicatetheirmessagetothepublicinacompassionate，understandableway—inhumanterms，notinthelanguagesofmolecularbiology.科学家必须以一种富有同情心的、可理解的方式向公众传达他们的信息——以人类的方式，而不是用分子生物学的语言。可知科学家应该更好地以一种公众能理解的方式与其沟通。故A项正确。

5.细节事实题。Finally,becausetheultimatestakeholdersarepatients,thehealthresearchcommunityshouldactivelyrecruittoitscausenotonlywell-knownpersonalitiessuchasStephenCooper,whohasmadecourageousstatementsaboutthevalueofanimalresearch,butallwhoreceivemedicaltreatment.最后，由于最终的利益相关者是患者，卫生研究界不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬•库珀(StephenCooper)等知名人士的支持，而且应该争取所有接受治疗的人的支持。库珀曾就动物研究的价值发表过勇敢的言论。据此可知库珀是个名人，也是动物研究的支持者。故D项正确。

20.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youarerequiredtowifeacompositionentitledHowtoS(“\'etheProblemofPollution.Youshouldwriteatleast200words,andbaseyourcompositionontheoutlinebelow.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.随着社会的发展，各种原因造成的污染越来越严重

2.这些污染对我们生活的影响

3.我们应该如何减少污染

【答案】略

21.填空题

Shesenthima（wool）（）sweaterashisbirthdaygift.

【答案】woolen

【解析】放在名词前，应该用形容词。 

22.单选题

Thesuccessorfailureofacaseoftenhingesonanorganizingprincipleknownasacasetheme.Forexample,thecasethemeinthetrialofErickandLyleMenendez,twobrothersaccusedofmurderingtheirparents,was“theabuseexcuse”;Thebrothersshouldbeexcusebecausetheyhadbeenseverelyabused.AprimarycasethemeoftheO.J.Simpsondefensewas“thepolicemessedupandplantedev