2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号87

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Themanagerthinksitadvisablethatsomeadjustment（）withoutdelay.

问题1选项

A.aremade

B.made

C.bemade

D.willbemade

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在以it为形式宾语的复合宾语从句中有advisable时用虚拟语气，其形式为：(shoulD.+动词原形,should可省略。故C项正确。句意：经理认为一些调整应该马上进行，刻不容缓。

2.翻译题

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhiswayuptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultowoman.Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmoreintegritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughttoaccountfortheirsuccess.Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohavelessintegritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributednottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemoreintegrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemaleexecutives.Interestingly,though,theriseoftheunattractiveovernightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonalrelationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractiveovernightsuccesses.

【答案】虽然魅力对于男性晋升是一个积极因素，但对女性却是不利因素。人们认为英俊的男性高管要比相貌平平的男性更正直;而且认为他们付出的努力和自身的能力使得他们成功。有魅力的女性高管却被认为没有无吸引力的高管正直，她们取得成功不是归因于能力，而是运气等因素。

所有无魅力的女高管要比有魅力的要正直，也更有能力。有趣的是，尽管如此，与有吸引力的女高管一夜取得成功相比，越来越多的无吸引力的女高管更多地因人际关系，较少因能力而获得成功。

3.单选题

In1998consumerscouldpurchasevirtuallyanythingovertheinternet.Books,compactdiscs.AndevenstockswereavailablefromWordWideWebsitesthatseemedtospringupalmostdaily.Afewyearsearlier,somepeoplehadpredictedthatconsumersaccustomedtoshoppinginstoreswouldbereluctanttobuythingsthattheycouldnotseeortouchinperson.Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.

Aresearchestimatedthatin1998USconsumerswouldpurchase$7.3billionofgoodsovertheinternet,doublethe1997total.FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.

Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,however.InternetpioneerAmazon.Com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos,postedrevenueof$153.7millioninthethirdquarter,upfrom$37.9millioninthesameperiodin1997.Overall,however,thecompany’slosswidenedto$45.2millionfrom$9.6million,andanalystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Ahadastockmarketvalueofmanybillion,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureofindustry.

Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.33.Sellingonlinecarrieditsownrisks,however.Withsomanycompaniescompetingforconsumers’attention,pricecompetitionwasintenseandprofitmarginsthinornonexistent.OnevideoretailersoldhehitmovieTitanicfor$9.99,undercuttingthe$19.99suggestedretailpriceandlosingabout$6oneachcopysold.WithInternetretailingstillinitsinitialstage,companiesseemedwillingtoabsorbsuchlossesinanattempttoestablishadominantmarketposition.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE,accordingtothewriter?

2.Findingabargainontheinternetwasgettingeasierpartlybecause（）.

3.“Foralltheconsumerinterest”（Paragraphs）means（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatA（）.

5.InvestorsareinterestedinInternetretailingbecause（）.

问题1选项

A.Consumersarereluctanttobuythingsontheinternet.

B.Consumersaretoobusytobuythingsontheinternet.

C.Internetretailingisaprofitablebusiness.

D.Moreandmoreconsumerspreferinternetshopping.

问题2选项

A.thereweremoreandmoreInternetusers

B.thereweremoreandmoreonlineauctions

C.theconsumershadmoremoneytospend

D.thereweremoregoodsavailableintheInternet

问题3选项

A.totheinterestofalltheconsumers

B.fortheinterestofalltheconsumers

C.thoughconsumersareverymuchinterested

D.alltheconsumersaremuchinterested

问题4选项

A.willprobablymakeaprofitin2001

B.ismakingaprofitnow

C.isacompanythatsellsbooksonly

D.suffersagreetlossonthestockmarket

问题5选项

A.sellingonlineinvolveslittlerisk

B.Internetretailingisinitsinitialstage

C.itcaneasilyreachmillionsofconsumers

D.theycanmakehugeprofitsfromit.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Foragrowingnumberoftime-starvedconsumers,however,shoppingfromtheirhomecomputerwasprovingtobeaconvenientalternativetodrivingtothestore.然而，对于越来越多缺乏时间的消费者来说，事实证明，用家用电脑购物比开车去商店更方便。Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,尽管有消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务，可知AC两项表述与原文相反，B项“消费者太忙而不会网上购物”表述有误。故D项“越来越多的消费者更喜欢网购”正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段FindingabargainwasgettingeasierowingtotheriseofonlineauctionsandWebsitesthatdidcomparisonshoppingontheInternetforthebestdeal.由于网上拍卖和一些为了比价买最划算的产品的网站兴起，寻找便宜货变得越来越容易。可知B项正确。

3.语义题。Foralltheconsumerinterest,retailingincyberspacewasstillalargelyunprofitablebusiness,尽管消费者感兴趣，但网络零售在很大程度上仍是一项无利可图的业务。接着下文列举了亚马逊的亏损。故interest在句中意为“感兴趣”，即使很多消费者喜欢网上购物，但网上零售仍是无利可图的。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由InternetpioneerAmazon.Com,whichbegansellingbooksin1995andlaterbranchedintorecordedmusicandvideos…互联网先驱亚马逊。1995年，该公司开始销售图书，后来又涉足录制音乐和视频。以及analystsdidnotexpectthecompanytoturnaprofituntil2001.Despitethegreatloss,Ahadastockmarketvalueofmanybillion,reflectinginvestors’optimismaboutthefutureofindustry.分析师们预计，该公司要到2001年才会盈利。尽管损失惨重，但亚马逊的股票市值仍高达数十亿美元，反映出投资者对行业未来的乐观态度。可知A项“可能在2001年盈利”正确；B项与原文不符；C项“亚马逊只卖书”与原文不符；D项表述错误，亚马逊的股票一直很稳健。

5.判断推理题。由最后一段“Internetretailingappealedtoinvestorsbecauseitprovidedefficientmeansforreachingmillionsofconsumerswithouthavingthecostofoperatingconventionalstoreswiththeirarmiesofsalespeople.互联网零售之所以吸引投资者，是因为它提供了一种有效的方式，可以接触到数以百万计的消费者，而无需花费经营传统商店的大量销售人员的成本。可知投资者对互联网零售感兴趣的原因是通过互联网能接触到很多消费者，并且能节省成本。故C项正确。

4.单选题

Allparent-childrelationshipsdemandexcellentcommunicationskills,（）bothparentsandchildrenwillexperiencetremendousfrustrationsinfamilylife.

问题1选项

A.andthus

B.withoutthem

C.sothat

D.withoutwhich

【答案】D

【解析】定语从句。句意：所有的亲子关系都需要优秀的沟通技巧，（）父母和孩子将在家庭生活中经历巨大的挫折。前半句强调的是优秀沟通技巧的重要性，后半句表明了一个结果，由该结果“tremendousfrustrations巨大的挫折”可知应该是在没有优秀的沟通技巧的条件下才会出现的结果。故先排除AC项。此句为定语从句，which指代上文提到的excellentcommunicationskills,故本题答案为D。

5.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheremark’'Livingwithoutanaimislikesailingwithoutacompass"Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotomakeyourlifemoremeaningful.Youshouldwriteatleast200words.PutyouressayonAnswerSheet.PartICloze

【答案】略

6.填空题

Lifeisfullofdangersandsurprise.Yourhousemayburndown.Youmayfalloutofthewindowandbreakyourneck.Miceandbeetlesmayeatyourfloorsothatyoudropintotheflatbelowforanuninvitedcupoftea.1.（）.

Youcannotalwayspreventdisasters,butyoucaninsureagainstthem.Mostformsofinsurancearevoluntary-itisuptoyouwhetheryoutakeoutapolicyornot.Butsomeformsarecompulsory.2.（）.The“parties”toanagreement,orcontract,aretheindividualsorgroupsconcerned.Withthird-partymotorinsurance,thethreepartiesare（i）youyourself,（ii）yourinsurancecompany,and（iii）anybodyelse---forexample,themanwhoseJaguarhasjustsmashedupyourMini.Third-partyinsurancedoesnotcoverfire,theftoranythingelse.Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.3.（）.

AnotherformofcompulsoryinsuranceisNationalInsurance.Everybodyover16earningmoneyonaregularbasismustpayasumeachweektothestate.TheseweeklycontributionscoverpartofthecostoftheNationalHealthServiceandtheothersocialservicebenefits,e.g.unemploymentbenefits,sicknessbenefits,old-agepensions,industrialinjurybenefitsandsoon.Youmustbeabletoproveyouhavepaidyourcontributions,soyoumusthaveacard（keptbyyouremployerunlessyouareself-employeD.ontowhichstampsarestuckeveryweek.Ofcourse,youcantakeoutprivatehealthinsuranceaswellifyouwish,butyoumuststillpayyourstatecontributions.

Thereare,ofcourse,manyinsurancecompaniesinBritain,bothlargeandsmall.ButthereisalsoaratherspecialorganizationcalledLloyd’s,whichstartedasacoffee-houseinlate17lhcentury.Lloyd’sisasocietyofaroundsixthousandmembers-allofthemunderwriters-andisadministeredbyacommitteecontrolledbyActofParliament.4.（）.YouhavetogotoaninsurancebrokerwhowillthencontactamemberofLloyd’sforyou.Ifyouwanttoinsuresomethingexpensive---likeafleetofJumbojets,forexample-yourbrokerwillprobablyhavetocontactasyndicateofunderwritersbecausetheriskswouldbetoohighforonemantocover.

Lloyd'swillprobablyinsureyouagainstanyriskatall---providedyouarepreparedtopaythepremiums.5.（）.Maybeclownsinsuretheirnoses.Youneverknow-anythingmayhappen.

【答案】1.G

2.C

3.E

4.D

5.A

【解析】1.第一段列举了一些可能发生的危险的例子，比如房子烧毁，地板被老鼠和甲虫吃掉等。此空作为第一段的最后一句，G项“一切都有可能发生，”与第一句呼应。

2.由Butsomeformsarecompulsory.但有些形式的保险是强制性的。可知接下来的内容会讲到强制性的保险。而C项正好是一个强制性保险的例子。故C项正确。

3.由空前的“Itisintendedonlytoprotectroadusersfromeachother.第三方保险只是为了保护道路使用者免受他人的伤害。”可知这种保险有局限性，E项中的comprehensive与原文中的only很自然地形成对比。故E项正确。句意：如果你想为可能发生在你或你的车身上的所有其他可怕的事情投保，你可以买一份综合保险。

4.上文提到Lloyd's是一个6000人组成的团体，并且受委员会管制。故空格处如果填D项“Lloyd's不是一般意义上的保险公司，而是一个保险市场，你不能直接和它做生意。”能与上下文自然地衔接。

5.空前提到“只要你缴纳保险费，Lloyd's会保护你的一切危险。”接下来空格后举例“小丑可能会为他的鼻子买保险”。而A项“钢琴家会为他们的手买保险”正好与下文的例子构成并列关系，并且是对上文的论证。故A项正确。

7.单选题

Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.

Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlandsintofarmland,andmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposeorhydroelectricpower.Manhasalsomodifiedthefaceoftheearthbydrainingmarshesandcuttingthroughmountainstobuildroadsandrailways.However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.Eachdaythousandsoftonscomeoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles;smokefromfactoriespollutestheairofindustrializedareasandthesurroundingareasofcountryside.Theairincitiesisbecomingincreasinglyunhealthy.

Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae（水藻）,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.Thesameproblemexistsinrivers.Industrialwasteshavealreadymademanyriverslifeless.

Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.

1.Manhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentwithaviewto（）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,pollutionoftheairandwateriscausedby（）.

3.Theecologicalbalanceoftheseaislostwhen（）.

4.Whowouldmostprobablydisagreewithconservationists? 

5.Thepurposeofthewriteris（）.

问题1选项

A.alteringthephysicalfeatureoftheearth

B.betteringhiswayoflife

C.improvinghissurroundings

D.modifyingthefaceoftheplanet

问题2选项

A.thousandsoftonsofgasescomingoutoftheexhaustsofmotorvehicles

B.thechangesoftheenvironmentthattechnologyhasbroughttoman

C.theincreasingamountofoilthathasbeenproduced

D.industrialwastesdischargedintorivers

问题3选项

A.peopleconsumemorefishthantheyusedto

B.theecologicalbalanceoftheriverislost

C.largenumbersofalgae,fishandbirdsarekilled

D.theproductionofmarinepetroleumisincreased

问题4选项

A.Industrialists.

B.Ecologists.

C.Businessmen.

D.Environmentalists.

问题5选项

A.toreducemoderntechnology

B.toimproveman’swayoflife

C.towarnpeoplenottochangethenaturalenvironment

D.tocallattentiontotheprotectionofthenaturalenvironment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Throughouthistorymanhaschangedhisphysicalenvironmentinordertoimprovehiswayoflife.纵观历史，人类改变自然环境以改善生活方式。故B项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第二段Withthetoolsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.借助科技工具，人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。以及However,man’schangestophysicalenvironmenthavenotalwayshadbeneficialresults.Today,pollutionoftheairandwaterisanincreasingdangertothehealthoftheplanet.然而，人类对自然环境的改变并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染对地球的健康造成越来越严重的威胁。可知水污染和空气污染是由于人类借助科技改变了自然环境造成的。故B项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第三段“Thepollutionofwaterisequallyharmful.Inthesea,pollutionfromoilisincreasingandiskillingenormousnumbersofalgae,fishandbirds.Thewholeecologicalbalanceoftheseaisbeingchanged.水的污染也同样有害。在海里,石油污染增加,造成大量的藻类(水藻),鱼和鸟死亡。整个海洋的生态平衡正在被改变。”可知藻类、鱼和鸟的大量死亡导致海洋生态失衡。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Conservationistsbelievethatitisnownecessaryformantolimitthegrowthoftechnologyinordertosurviveonearth.自然资源保护论者认为，为了在地球上生存，人类现在有必要限制科技的发展。”可知自然资源保护论者认为要限制科技的发展，而阻碍科技的发展不利于工业的发展，所以工业家很可能会发对这个观点。故A项正确。

5.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了环保的重要性，从空气污染，到水污染，再到破坏整个生态平衡。所有的这些都是在呼吁大家来保护地球，保护我们的生存坏境。故D项正确。

8.单选题

Intheeveningtheymetatthehotel,bothcontentwiththeirday,happytoeata（）mealtogetheranddancealittleafterwards.

问题1选项

A.manually

B.causally

C.leisurely

D.vigorously

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。manually“手动地”；causally“有原因地”；leisurely“休闲地，从容地”；vigorously“精神旺盛地，活泼地”。句意：晚上他们在酒店碰面，对这一天都很满足，他们开心地一起吃了一顿（）的晚餐，然后一起跳了一会儿舞。由and后面的内容“跳舞”可推知and前面的内容的状态也是比较悠闲，轻松的，故C项正确。

9.单选题

Eatingmorenutritiousfoodthanisneededdoesn'tmakeitfunctionbetter（）overfillingthetankmakesacarmovefaster.

问题1选项

A.notmorethan

B.lessthan

C.nomorethan

D.anymorethan

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。notmorethan不超过，至多，不比…更…；nomorethan只是，仅仅，同样不；lessthan比…少；anymorethan至多，仅仅。句意：吃过多超出身体需要的营养品并不会使身体更好，就如同给油箱加过多的油来使其快速前进一样。C项符合题意。

10.单选题

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型。强调句的结构为itis+被强调部分+that….故D项正确。句意：她住在伦敦的时候遇见了她的丈夫Terry.

11.单选题

Susanisstudyingalgebraandgeometry,and（）she’stakingmicrocomputerlessons.

问题1选项

A.inamoment

B.inbrief

C.inaddition

D.inconclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。inamoment“立刻，立即”；inbrief“简言之”；inaddition“另外，此外”；inconclusion“总之，最后”。句意：Susan正在学习代数和几何学，此外，她还在学习微型计算机课程。and表示并列关系，代数，几何，微型计算机课程都是并列关系，故C项正确。

12.单选题

Lateralthinking（迂回思维），firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonein1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBonewassofamous,Caspar’sparent’sworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachermightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”

“Wehadtobecarefulandnotoverdoit.”Edwardadmits.NowCasparisatOxford—whichoncelookedunlikelybecauseheisalsoslightlydyslexic（诵读困难）.Infact,whenhewasapplyingtoOxford,noneofhisschoolteachersthoughhehadachance.“Sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand，whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidexactlywell.”Soonafter,EdwarddeBonedecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildHowtoThink,”inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.

Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?

“Youknow,”EdwarddeBonesays,“ifyouexaminepeople’sthinking,itisquiteunusualtofinditoflogic.Butthefaultsofperceptionarehuge!Oftenwethinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitview.”

31.“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseetheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternative.

1.Whatis“TRUEaboutCaspar?

2.CasparsucceededinapplyingtoOxfordbecause（）.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2thatEdward（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph3,whichofthefollowingstatementsexpressEdwarddeBone’sview?

5.LateralthinkingreferstothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

问题1选项

A.Hefirstdescribedlateralthinking.

B.Heisoftenscoldedbyhisteacher.

C.HeisEdward’sson.

D.Heisanadventurousthinker.

问题2选项

A.heusedintheexamthetechniquesprovidedbyhisfather

B.hereadthebook“teachYourChildHowtoThink”beforetheexam

C.hewascarefulandoftenoverworked

D.allofhisschoolteachersthoughthehadachance

问题3选项

A.waspromptedtostudylateralthinkingbecausehissonwasslightlydyslexic

B.oncetaughtbusinessmenhowtothinkbeforehewroteforparentsandchildren

C.waslikelytoimprovechildren’slogicwithhisbook

D.gaveadescriptionoflateralthinkingseveralyearsafterhissonwasborn

问题4选项

A.Weoftenthinkineffectivelybecausewetaketoolimitedaview.

B.Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence.

C.Everybodyknowsthatchildrenaren’tverylogical.

D.Itisanuphillbattletryingtoteachchildrentothink.

问题5选项

A.seeingtheimplicationsofwhatyouaresaying

B.exploringthealternativesforwhatyouaresaying

C.improvingone’slogicinthinking

D.improvingone’sperceptioninthinking

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段Lateralthinking(迂回思维)，firstdescribedbyEdwarddeBonein1967,isjustafewyearsolderthanEdward’sson.YoumightimaginethatCasparwasraisedtobeanadventurousthinker,butthedeBonewassofamous,Caspar’sparent’sworriedthatanytimehewouldsaysomethingbrightatschool,histeachermightsnap,“Wheredoyougetthatideafrom?”“迂回思维”首次被爱德华与1967年提出，随后他的儿子出生了。你可能会想象Caspar会被抚养成一个冒险的思考者，但是爱德华是如此出名，以至于Caspar的父母担心每次他提出一些奇特的想法时，他的老师可能会打断他的话，并说“你从哪里学到这个想法的？”可知Caspar是Edward的儿子，故C项正确。A项“Capsar首次提出迂回思维错误，该观点是他父亲提出来的。B项和D项文中未提及。

2.推理判断题。由第二段“sothenwedidseveralthinkingsessions,”hisfathersays,“usingmytechniquesand，whenhewentupfortheexam,hedidexactlywell.”他的父亲说：“然后我们进行了几次思考的研讨会，当他考试时，用上我的技巧，他考得很好。”可知Caspae成功被牛津大学录取的原因是他在考试时用了他父亲教的技巧。故A项正确。

3.推理判断题。由第二段“Soonafter,EdwarddeBonedecidedtowritehislatestbook,“TeachYourChildHowtoThink,”inwhichhetransformsthethinkingskillshedevelopedforbrain-stormingbusinessmenintoinformalexercisesforparentsandchildrentoshare.不久之后，爱德华•德•伯恩(EdwarddeBone)决定写他的新书《教你的孩子如何思考》(TeachYourChildHowtoThink)。在这本书中，他把自己为头脑风暴的商人们开发的思考技巧转化成了供父母和孩子们分享的非正式练习。”可知爱德华曾经是教商业思维的。故B项正确。

4.推理判断题。第三段“Thinkingistraditionallyregardedassomethingexecutedinalogicalsequence,andknowsthatchildrenaren'tverylogical.Soisn’titanuphillbattle,tryingtoteachthemtothink?传统上认为思考是按照逻辑顺序进行的，并且知道孩子们不是很有逻辑。试着教他们思考，这不是一场艰苦的战斗吗?”由反问句可知教孩子们学会思考是一件很难的事情。故D项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一段“TeachYourChildHowtoThink”offerslessonsinperceptionimprovement,ofclearlyseetheimplicationsofsomethingyouaresayingandofexploringthealternative.“教你的孩子如何思考”提供了改善感知能力的课程，让你清楚地看到你所说的话的含义，并探索其他选择。可知A项“弄清楚你所说的话的含义”；B项“探索你所说内容的替代方案”；D项“提升一个人的感知能力”正确。C项“提高思维的逻辑性”文中没有提到。故答案C

13.翻译题

Pollutionisaproblembecausemaninanincreasinglypopulatedandindustrializedworldisupsettingtheenvironmentinwhichhelives.Manyscientistsmaintainthatoneofman’sgreatesterrorshasbeentoequategrowthwithadvancement.Now“growth”industriesarebeinglookedonwithsuspicionincasetheirsideeffectsdamagetheenvironmentanddisrupttherelationshipofdifferentformsoflife.Thegrowingpopulationmakesincreasingdemandsontheworld’sfixedsupplyofairwaterandland.Thisriseinpopulationisaccompaniedbythedesireofmoreandmorepeopleforabetterstandardofliving,inaneverincreasingamountofwastematerialtobedisposedof.Theproblemhasbeencausingincreasingconcerntolivingthingsandtheirenvironment.Manybelievethatmanisnotsolvingtheseproblemsquicklyenoughandthathisselfishpursuitofpossessionstakeshimpastthepointofnoreturnbeforehefullyrealizesthedamage.

【答案】污染是一个问题，因为在一个人口日益增长和工业化的世界里，人类正在破坏他所生活的环境。许多科学家坚持认为人类最大的错误之一就是把发展与进步等同起来。现在人们对成长型产业持怀疑态度，担心它们的副作用会破坏环境，破坏不同生命形式之间的关系。不断增长的人口对世界上固定的空气、水和土地的供应提出了越来越高的要求。随着人口的增长，越来越多的人要求更高的生活水平，他们需要处理越来越多的垃圾。这一问题已引起人们对生物及其环境的日益关注。许多人认为，人类没有足够快地解决这些问题，他对财产的自私追求使他在完全意识到损害之前就已经到了不可挽回的地步。

14.写作题

Directions:Inthispart,youareaskedtowriteacompositiononthetitleof"EffectofResearchorStudyEventonMyLaterLifeandWork",withnolessthan200Englishwords.YourcompositionshouldbebasedonthefollowingoutlinegiveninEnglish.PutyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.

1.Whatisthemostunforgettableeventinyourresearchorstudy?

2.Whyisitsounforgettable?

3.Whatistheeffectoftheresearchorstudyeventonyourlaterlifeandwork?

【答案】略

15.单选题

Themediacanimpactcurrentevents.AsagraduatestudentatBerkeleyinthe1960s,IrememberexperiencingtheeventsrelatedtothePeople’sParkthatworeoccurringoncampus.SomeoftheseeventsweregivennationalmediacoverageinthepressandonTV.Ifounditinterestingtocomparemyimpressionsofwhatwasgoingonwithperceptionsobtainedfromthenewsmedia.Icouldbegintoseeeventsofthattimefeedonnewscoverage.Thisalsoprovidedmewithsomehealthyinsightsintothedistinctionsbetweentheserealities.

Electronicmediaarehavingagreaterimpactonthepeople’sliveseveryday.Peoplegathermoreandmoreoftheirimpressionsfromrepresentations.Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.Considertheinformationthattelevisionbringsintoyourhomeeveryday.Consideralsothecontactyouhavewithotherssimplybyusingtelephone.Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.TelevisioncoverageoftheIraqiWaralsodevelopedanimmediacy.CNNreportedeventsastheyhappened.Thiscoveragewasdistributedworldwide.Althoughmostpeoplewerefarawayfromtheseevents,theydevelopedsomeperceptionoftheserealities.

In1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.Thiseventswastriggeredbytheverdict（裁定）intheRodneyKingbeating.32.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesdaynightinLosAngeles.ByFridaynightthepublicgottoseeRodneyKingontelevisionpleading,“Canweallgetalong?”BySaturday,televisionseemedtoprovidepositivefeedbackastheLosAngelesriotturnedoutintoarallyforpeace.Thetelevisionshowedthousandsofpeoplemarchingwithbannersandcleaningtools.Becauseofthat,manymorepeopleturnedouttojointhepeacefuleventtheysawunfoldingontelevision.Therealhealing,ofcourse,willtakemuchlonger,butelectronicmediawillcontinuetobeapartofthatprocess.

1.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytobefrom?

2.The1989SanFranciscoearthquakewasmentionedtoshow（）.

3.Theterm"electroniccity"，（para.2）refersto（）.

4.The1992LosAngelesriotsbrokeoutbecause（）.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.TextbookofMedia

B.Thesis

C.NewspaperorMagazine

D.Speech

问题2选项

A.howdamagingtheearthquakewas

B.howpeoplecarriedoutrescuework

C.theelectronicmediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact

D.theviewers’impressionoftotaldisaster

问题3选项

A.LosAngeles

B.SanFrancisco

C.Berkeley

D.Earth

问题4选项

A.thejuryacquittedthepolicemenwhohadbeatenRodneyKing

B.peoplecanmaketheirownjudgments

C.videocoveragefromhelicoptershadmadepeopleangry

D.videocoveragehadprovidedpowerfulfeedback

问题5选项

A.mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccurcanhaveeithergoodorbadresults.

B.mostpeoplewhohadseenthevideooftheRodneyKingbeatingagreewiththeverdictofjury.

C.the1992LosAngelesriotslastedawholeweek.

D.RodneyKingseemedveryangrywhenheappearedontelevisiononFriday.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。本文通俗易懂，列举了大量实例让公众能更好地理解，具有很强的煽动性，说明了媒体报道既有好的一面也可能带来坏的影响，全面公正，符合演讲的风格。A项“媒体的教科书”和B项“理论”涉及到大量的理论支撑，本文并没有太多理论，相反举了大量例子。故AB项排除。C项“报纸或杂志”需要很强的画面感，语言应该言简意赅，与本文语言风格不符。故D项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第二段“Thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact.Forexample,thevideocoverageofthe1989SanFranciscoearthquakefocusedon“liveaction”suchasthefiresortherescueefforts.Thisgavetheviewertheimpressionoftotaldisaster.这些媒体可以扩展你的意识和你的接触层面。例如，1989年旧金山地震的视频报道聚焦于“现场行动”，比如火灾或救援行动。这给观众一种灾难的印象。可知1989年旧金山地震的视频报道是对thesemediaextendyourconsciousnessandyourcontact的举例论证，故可推知该例子是为了表明这些媒体可以拓展你的意识和接触层面。C项是对“thesemedia…”的同义转述，故C项正确。

3.词义题。由第二段“Televisionandtelephonecommunicationsarelinkingpeopletoglobalvillage,orwhatonewritercallstheelectroniccity.由or可知electroniccity与“globalvillage”地球村同义，再联系上下文可知，电子媒体将我们联系在一起，electroniccity本义为电子城，在文中指电子媒体将地球上的人们联系起来。故D项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第三段1992,manypeoplewatchedinhorrorasriotsbrokeoutonasadWednesdayeveninginLosAngeles,seeminglyfedbyvideocoveragefromhelicopters.ThiseventswastriggeredbytheverdictintheRodneyKingbeating.Wearenowinanagewherethepubliccanhaveaccesstoinformationthatenablesittomakeitsownjudgments,andmostpeople,whohadseenthevideoofthisbeating,couldnotunderstandhowthe—jurywasabletoacquit（宣布无罪）thepolicemeninvolved.1992年的一个令人悲伤的周三晚上，洛杉矶爆发了骚乱，许多人惊恐地目睹了这一切，似乎直升机上的视频报道助长了骚乱。这一事件是由罗德尼•金殴打案的判决引发的。我们处于一个公众都能获得信息并且能作出判断的时代，大多数人到这个殴打视频后都不能理解陪审团为什么会宣布殴打无辜者的警察无罪。可知1992洛杉矶爆发骚乱的原因在于陪审团宣布殴打King的警察无罪。故A项正确。

5.推理判断题。由第三段"Mediacoverageofeventsastheyoccuralsoprovidespowerfulfeedbackthatinfluencesevents.Thiscanhaveharmfulresults,asisseemedonthatWednesda