高一英语人教新课标必修3UNIT4导学案答案

.PAGE.>Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestars单元学习目标导航类别新课标要求掌握的工程话题1.Talkaboutthescienceofthestars,thedevelopmentoflifeandspacetravelandgravityractisegivinginstructionsandtalkingabutproblemsinstudyorlife词语单词astronomy,atmosphere,system,violent,solid,e*plode,carbon,dio*ide,o*ygen,surface,planet,harmful,development,spread,method,depend,e*ist,presence,telescope,disappoint,disappointed,publish,publishing,gravity,force,gradually,cheer,float,mass词组solarsystem,intime,prevent…from,dependon,cheerup,nowthat,getthehangof,breakout,givebirthto,watchout,blockout,carbondio*ide功能1.Talkaboutthescienceofthestars,thedevelopmentoflifeandspacetravelandgravityWheredowecomefrom"Howdidtheuniversebegin"Howwillitend"Whyistheuniversethewayitwas"Howmuchdoyouknowaboutuniverse"Doyouknowsomethingaboutgravity/aboutblackholes"2.GivinginstructionsPleaselookat/listento…Pleasecheckthat…Youneed…Pleasepayattentionto…Don’tforgetto…You’dbetter…Makesureyou…Watchoutfor…Youmustn’t…3.TalkingaboutproblemsinstudyorlifeMyproblem/troubleis…Thedifficulty/questionis…Myadvice/suggestionis…WhatIthinkaboutitis…Thefactis…语法主语从句Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.班级____________________小组_________第一课时warmingup&pre-reading自主学习学案学习目标：1.语言目标Languageaims:2.能力目标Abilityaims:1)进一步熟悉掌握一些阅读技巧，比方快速寻找文章细节信息(scanning)、归纳和总结〔summarizing〕。2)让学生学会表达自己的思想。3)情感目标Emotionalaims:让学生弄清楚什么是科学思想，什么是宗教信仰或文化传统。在探讨生命的起源的科学道理之前，交流一下有关宇宙的起源的种种传说,调动学生的相关知识，激活学生的思维。重点keypoints:Talkaboutthebeginningoflifeontheearth.b.Discusstheorderofdevelopmentoflife难点importantpoints:Understandthebeginningoflifeontheearth.StepIsomequestionsinwarmingup1.Howmuchdoyouknowabouttheuniverse"Whatarethey"______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whoisthefirstmanlandingonthemoon"___________________________________________________________________________________StepIIpre-readingTaskone:Fillintheblanksafterlistening1)Accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha"___________〞thatthrewmatterinalldirections.2)Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat________wastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentof______.3)TheyareputtingtoomuchCO2intotheatmosphere,whichprevent_____fromescapingfromtheearth.Tasktwo:carefulreadingandwritedownthemainidea.paragraph1: _________________________________________.paragraph2:Theformationof_______________________________________.paragraph3:Theimportanceof____________________________________.paragraph4:__________________________ofplantsandanimalsontheearth.paragraph5:______________________ofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth.Taskthree:Puttheorderofdevelopmentoflifeintoatimeline.1Insectsandamphibiansappeared2Dinosaursappeared3Theearthbecameasolidball4Smallplantsgreawonthewater5Reptilesappeared6Plantsbegantogrowondryland.7Theearthwasacloudofdust.8Waterappearedontheearth9Shellfishandotherfishappeared.10Theuniversebeganwitha"BigBang〞11Cleveranimalswithhandsandfeetappeared.12Mammalsappeared.Answers:__________________________________________________TaskFour:summaryAfterthe"BigBang〞,theearthwasjustacloudofdust.It__________loudlywithfireandrock,whichwere_______________toproducethewatervapour,___________andothergases.Thensmallplantsgrew.They___________andfilledtheoceansandseaswitho*ygen.Manymillionsofyearslaterthefirstgreenplantsbeganto________onland.Whentheplantsgrewintoforests,________appearedforthefirsttime.Theyproducedyounggenerallyby_________eggs.Whendinosaursdisappeared,__________becamemoreimportant.Nowsmallcleveranimalswith_____________appearedand________allovertheworld.Astime________theycoveredtheearthandtheyareputtingtoomuchcarbondio*ideintothe__________,which________heat____________fromtheearthintospace.Whetherlifewillcontinueonearthformillionsofyearstocomewill_____________whetherthisproblemcanbesolved.Languagepoints:1.However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha"BigBang〞thatthrewmatterinalldirections.inalldirections=ineverydirection向四面八方Hewalked____________________thevillage.他向村庄方向走去。2．Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies．然后，原子开场形成并结合成行星、恒星和其它固体的天体。combine1〕V．(使)结合；(使)合并〔A级〕Weconsideritnecessarytocombinetheorywithpractice．我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。2)V．联合；混合(unite；mi*)Thetwosmallshopscombinedtomakealargeone．这两个小店合并成为一个大商店。相关链接〔B级〕combine与join的区别combine指抽象意义的结合，并成为不可分割的一个整体。join指具体的把两者或两者以上的东西结合在一起或者使*人成为*团体的一员。You’dbettercombinetheorywithpractice．你最好将实践与理论结合起来。Thenewhighwayhasjoinedourvillagetothenewcity.新的高速路把我们村子与现代化大城市连接起来。稳固提高1)Thetwocountries_____againsttheircommonenemy.AconnectedB.unitedC．combinedD．werecombined2)Ifyourknowledgecanbeinsomeway____withmye*periences,wearesuretosucceed.AjoinedBunitedCconnectedDcombined随堂小测一单词拼写1.Withthe_______________〔开展〕ofeconomy,people’slivingstandardsarehighernow.2.Nooneknows_______________(确切的)howtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.3.Afterschool,thestudentsruninevery_____________(方向)4.Weshould______________(把…..与…结合)workwithpleasure.5.Inoursolar______________〔系〕eightplantscirclearoundthesun.6.Each_______________()andculturehasitsownideasabouthowlifebeganonearth.7._____________〔根据〕tothereport,theyoungshouldcaremoreabouttheold.二.翻译下面短语1太阳系2及时，总有一天3四面八方4一团尘埃5根据6生命的起源班级____________________小组_________第二课时reading自主学习学案要点探究1.Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5andbillionyearsago…随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38亿至45亿年前，……"beto+动词原形〞的用法归纳：〔A级〕(1)表示按_____________要做的事。Whenareyoutoleaveforhome"你什么时候回家"〔B级〕(2)表示______________的事Hewastobecomeapianistaftersomanyyearsofhardwork．这么多年的训练之后他注定会成为一个钢琴家。〔C级〕(3)表示"______〞，相当于should/oughtto.Youaretoreporttothepolice．你应该报警。(4)表示"______〞，相当于must，haveto.YouaretodoyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV．看电视之前你得先做完作业。跟踪演练：Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty________,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeinghe2．Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot．地球(开场)变得剧烈动乱，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。1)violentadj．猛烈的；剧烈的；强暴的Theboatsankina___________stormatsea．船在海上强烈的风暴中漂浮。Notafew________sceneswerecutfromthefilmbeforeitcametoshow．这部影片在放映前剪去了不少暴力镜头。相关链接〔B级〕n.violence，adv.violently(C级)doviolenceto．．．对……行凶；伤害takebyviolence强夺稳固提高1)Thevillagerswereoftenin_______dasheswitheachotherinthoseyearsbeforetheagreementwasreached．2〕The________ofthesnowstormcausedmuchdamage.3)Yourwordsdidviolencetothetruth.〔翻译〕________________________________________2)whether在本句中引导主语从句，该句还可变为：Whethertheshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.此构造还可用于其他的名词性从句〔宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句〕或状语从句中。Tellmewhetherornotyouareinterested.=Tellmewhetheryouareinterestedornot.告诉我你有没有兴趣。Whetherornotitrains(=____________________),we’replayingfootballonSaturday.无论下不下雨，我们星期六一定踢足球。跟踪演练Allpeople,________theyareoldoryoung,richorpoor,havebeentryingtheirbesttohelpthoseinneedsincethedisaster.AevenifBwhetherCnomatterDhowever3．Ite*plodedloudlywithfireandrock．Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearthatmosphere．从而形成了地球的大气层。…它(地球)猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸汽和其它多种气体,…1)e*plodev．爆炸，炸开；(感情)迸发；(人口)突然或迅速增加，名词为e*plosionAtlasthisangere*ploded．他终于大发雷霆了。Therewillbenostandingroomontheearthbecauseofthee*plodingworldpopulation．由于激增的世界人口，地球上将无立足之地。稳固提高(1)Thevolcano(火山)______suddenly.A．e*plodedB．burstC．eruptedD．e*ploding(2)Hearinghissonhurtbadlybyastranger，theman______withanger．A．e*ploredB．e*posedC．e*plodedD．e*plained(3)Withthe______ofpopulation，moreschoolswillbesetupinourcity．A．e*plosionB.e*pressionC．e*planationD．e*ploration2)intime迟早，最后；及时1)You’11learnhowtodoitintime．你早晚能学会做这件事的。2)WillIbeintimeforthetrain"我赶得上那趟火车吗"相关短语(B级)innotime立刻，马上ontime按时；准时attimes有时atonetime一度；从前forthetimebeing暂时onceuponatime从前fromtimetotime不时地稳固提高You’llsucceed_________becauseyouarealwaysworkinghard．Ihopeyoucanarrivehere_________toseeMrGreenbeforeheleavesthisafternoon.3)atmospheren.大气；空气;气氛；环境Weliveinanatmosphereoffreedom.我们生活在自由的环境中。Heisfondoftheatmosphereofpeaceandcalminthecountry．他喜欢乡间的和平宁静的气氛。稳固提高Completelylostinthee*citing______ofthefootballmatch，Tomdidn’tfeelhispocketpicked．A．sceneB．viewC．atmosphereD．sight4.Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurfacecooldown.cooldown变凉,冷却晒了一天的太阳之后,他喜欢在海水中凉快一下.Afteradayinthesun,helikedto_________________inthesea.他的话平息了她的怒气.Hiswords________________heranger.5.Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把曾经存在于大气层中的有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。(1)"What…believe〞是主语从句，what在主语从句中作宾语。(2)presencen.存在；出席；到场反义词absenceShewassoquietthather__________washardlynoticed.她一声不响，几乎没人留意到她在场。相关链接inone’spresence/inthepresenceofsb.在…..面前；当着……的面(3)harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的Yoursmokingcanbeharmfultothehealthofyourchildren．你吸烟会危害到你小孩的安康。Weshouldwipeoutharmfulinsects．我们应该消灭害虫。归纳拓展harmn.&vt．损伤，伤害(B级)dosb．harm／doharmtosb．对*人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利Itdoesnoharm(forsb．)todosth．做*事无害处〔C级〕harmlessadj.无害的harmlesslyadv．无害地harmlessnessn．无害稳固提高Everyoneknowssmokingis_____totheirhealth，butmanyofthemcan’ttearthemselvesawayfromit．A．harmfulB．goodC．helpfulD．bad6．Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetobegintodevelep．这长生了一种链式反响，那使生命的生长发育成为一种可能。此句中的made后跟带形式宾语it的复合构造，其中it是形式宾语，真正宾语是不定式复合构"forlifetobegintodevelop〞，宾语补足语是possible。根本形式为make+it+adj.／n．+todo。Shemadeitherbusinesstofindoutwhowasresponsible．她非要弄清楚是谁的责任不可。Zhongguancunmadeitpossibleforhimtofollowhisdreamsandhelpthecountryheloves.中关村使他有可能实现自己的梦想，同时为他所热爱的国家做出自己的奉献.归纳拓展常用于此构造的动词还有think，feel，find，consider等：Hefinallyfounditimpossibletofinishthetaskontimewithoutmyhelp．他终于发现没有我的帮助按时完成这项任务是不可能的。Ifeelitmydutytohelpyou．我觉得我有责任帮助你。IthinkitinterestingtostudyEnglish．我认为学英语很有意思。稳固提高①Ifound_______________________.(到达那里很难)②Ithink________________________.(清扫房间是我的职责)③Iconsider______________________.(学英语很有用)随堂小测一单词拼写1)Wehavealarges______ofrailways.2)Thenewmethodshesuggestedsoundedgoodint______,butisnotpracticalinuse.3)Theboatsankinav______stormatsea.4)Sheisu_____hermother;sheistallandhermotherisveryshort.5)Efficiency(效率)wouldbem________severaltimes.6)Widedifferencesofcharacter________(存在)eveninchildrenofthesamefamily.7)The_________(气氛)ofthemeeingisveryfriendly.8)Sheaskedthemnottodiscussthematterinher________.(在场)9)Onecannote______withoutair.二单项选择1.Thecustomofarrangedmarriagestill______inmanycountries.A.appearsB.laysC.livesD.e*ists2.Chinaisacountry,butAmericaisacountry.A.developing;developingB.developed;developedC.developing;developedD.developed;developing3.hecanpasstheentrancee*aminationisquiteuncertain.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What4.makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever5.Whatweusedtothinkimpossiblenowdoesseempossible.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.willbe6.AsthebusiestwomaninNorton,shemadeherdutytolookafteralltheotherpeople’saffairsinthattown.A.thisB.thatC.oneD.it班级____________________小组_________第三课时reading自主学习学案7.Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirste*tremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.好几百万年以后，水的外表开场出现了极小的植物。millionn.&adj.百万〔的〕；当hundred,thousand,million,billion被数词修饰时，总是用单数。Therearetwo_hundred_peopleinthehall.大厅里有二百人。当hundred,thousand,million,billion后面接of短语时用复数形式。Hundreds/thousands/millions/billionsofpeoplestarvedtodeathintheearthquakebecauseofthedelayofsupplies.8.Theylaideggstooande*istedontheearthformorethan140millonyears.他们也产卵，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。lay产卵Fathenslayfeweggs.鸡肥不下蛋。Thecuckoolaysitseggsinotherbirds’nests.杜鹃在其它鸟的巢中产蛋。Willyoulaythetablefordinner"请你摆好晚餐的桌子好吗？Hisparenslaygreathopeonhim.他的父母对他寄予很大的希望动词原形词义过去式过去分词现在分词lay产卵；放置laidlaidlayinglie说谎liedliedlyinglie躺；位于laylainlying相关链接layoff下岗layaside搁置e*istvi.存在；生存；活着；有TheRomanEmpiree*istedforseveralcenturies.罗马帝国存在了好几个世纪。Onecan’te*istwithoutair.没有空气人就不能生存。词汇扩展e*istencen.存在，生存ine*istence现存的，现有的；comeintoe*istence/being出现；产生跟踪演练Themanagerhadfallenasleepwherehe_____withoutundressing.waslayingB.waslyingC.hadlaidD.hadleidManyspeciesofanimalswhichoncelivedontheeartharenolongerin_____.evidenceB.effectC.esseceD.e*istence.9.…．，becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem．……，因为他们能从体内产出幼仔并给幼仔喂乳。givebirthto产生，分娩;使……诞生Marygavebirthtoahealthybabygirl．玛丽生了个安康的女婴。Shediedshortlyaftergivingbirth．她生下孩子后不久便死了。10.Thustheyhave,intheirturn,becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，它们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。inone’sturn轮到*人；接着相关拓展(B级)Itis/wasone’sturntodosth.轮到*人做*事inturn反之，反过来；依次相继地taketurnstodo=taketurnsdoingsth轮流做*事byturns轮流11.Finallyabout2.6millionyearsagosomesmallcleveranimal,nowwithhandsandfeet,appearedandspreadallovertheearth．最后，大约260万年前，一些小而机灵的、现在有手脚的动物出现并遍布了整个地球。spreadvt．使伸展，延伸vi．(消息等)传开；流行(spreadspreadspread)Mumspreadanewclothonthetablewhenwehaddinner.我们吃饭时妈在桌子上铺上一条新桌布Thenewsspreadthroughtheschoolquickly．消息很快传遍学校。Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousenearby．火从工厂蔓延至附近的房舍。稳固提高PapermakingbeganinChinaandfromhereit________toothercountries.A．spreadB．grewC．carriedD．developed12.Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondio*ideintotheatmosphere,whichpreventsheatescapingfromtheearthintospace．它们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中。1)toomuch"太多〞，可在句中作主语、表语、定语和状语。作定语时只修饰不可数名词；假设修饰可数名词复数，须用toomany。作状语时，只修饰动词。’Hewasoftenillbecauseheateanddranktoomuch．他曾因饮食过量而常常生病。Thiswashn’tthefirsttimeLindahadtakentoomanypills．琳达吃药过多这已不是第一次了。相关链接toomuch的中心词为much，"过于，太多〞，作定语，后接不可数名词，还可单独用作主语、表语、状语等。muchtoo的中心词为too，"极其，非常〞，后接形容词或副词。如：Theproblemismuchtoodifficultformetoworkout．这道题非常难，我算不出来。I’mafraidthegiftmaybemuchtooe*pensive．恐怕这个礼物太贵了。Youareaskingtoomuch．你问的太多了。I’mafraidI’veputyoutoomuchtrouble．我怕太麻烦你了稳固提高Allenhadtocallata*ibecausethebo*was_____tocarryallthewayhome．A．muchtooheavyB．toomuchheavyC．heavytoomuchD．tooheavymuch2)preventsb.fromdoingsth．阻止*人做*事from可省略，但用于被动语态时，from不能省略。Nothingcanpreventus(from)going.什么也阻挡不了我们去。Iwaspreventedfromstartingbythebadweather.坏天气使我不能动身。稳固提高Hehadabestway____pricefromkeeping____.A.preventing;raisingB.toprevent；raisingC.preventing；risingD.tostop；rising相关链接阻止*人做*事：keepsb．fromdoingsth．(此处的from不能省略)阻止*人做*事stop／preventsb．(from)doingsth．阻止*人做*事注意：在被动语态中，三个短语中的from都不能省略。短语拓展protect…from表示保护…不受……侵袭，挡住，防御，from后接能带来伤害或损害之物。稳固提高1)Allthevisitorswerestopped／prevented/keptfromenteringthebuilding.所有参观者都被阻止进入那座大楼。2)Anumbrellawillprotectyoufromtherain．雨伞可以保护你不至于淋雨。3)Wemusttakemeasurestostoptheriverfrom______bythefactories．A．beingpollutedB．pollutingC．pollutedD．beenpolluted13．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved．因此,生命能否再在地球上延续几百万年将取决于这个问题能否被解决。1〕dependon①取决于；决定于Yoursuccessdependsonwhetheryouworkhardornot．你的成功取决于你是否努力工作。Thepricedependsonthequality．价格得依质量而定。②依赖；依靠(不用于进展时)Childrendependontheirparentsforfoodandclothing.小孩依赖他们的父母供给衣食。Goodhealthdependsongoodfood，e*erciseandgettingenoughsleep．良好的安康依赖良好的食物、运动和充足的睡眠。Hedependsonhispenforliving.他靠笔杆(写作)为生。③信任；信赖Heisamantobedependedon．他是个靠的住的人。hiscoming.Idependon我相信他会来。itthathewillcome.归纳拓展thatdepends／it(a11)depends(单独使用或置于句首)视情况而定Imayhelphim，butthatdepends．我也许会帮助他，但那得视情况而定。Itdependshowyoudealwiththeproblem．那要看你如何应付这问题而定。2〕本句中有两个whether引导的从句，第一个是主语从句；第二个从句则作介词on的宾语Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.终究对我们有害还是有利,还要等着瞧。Idon’tknowwhetheryoulikeflowersornot.我不知道你是不是喜欢花。课堂小测一单词拼写1)Theillnessisspreadingthroughthevillage.2)Whatpuzzles〔使迷惑〕meiswhytheydidnotshowup.3)Everynightheobservesthespacethroughatelescope.4)Bythetimetheyreachedthetopofthemountain,theyweree*hausting(精疲力尽).5)Thereisabigundergroundrailwaysystem(系统)inLondon,whichisgoodfortravelers.6)ZhangHengwasoneofthemostfamousChineseastronermer_intheworld.7)Themammalsmultiplied(繁殖)whentheanimals,harmfultothem,disappeared.二.翻译下面短语(15分)1．太阳系solarsystem2．及时，总有一天intime3．阻止，制止preventfrom4．依靠，信赖dependon5．感到快乐cheerup6．既然，由于nowthat7．一般而言generallyspeaking8．熟悉，掌握getthehangof9．突发，爆发breakout10．与…不同bedifferentfrom11．冷却cooldown12．全球变暖globalwarming13.二氧化碳carbondio*ide14.在外表上onthesurface15.好象asif三.用以上短语的正确形式填空(10分).1.Itwasalmostmidnightthatafirebrokeoutintheneighborhood.2.Nowthatyouarehere,whynothaveadrink"3.Didyoucatchyourplane"Yes,wegottherejustintime.4.Thedishtastesgoodafteritcoolsdown.5.Willyougofishingthisafternoon"Well,italldependsontheweather.6.AfterawhileIgotthehangofitandwebegantoenjoyourselves.7.Thefanscheeredupwhentheysawthefamousfilmstarsarrive.8.Countrylifeisquitedifferentfromcitylife.9.Weshouldfindsomewaystopreventtheharmfulgasfromspreading.10.Generallyspeakingwomencrymoreeasilythanmen.班级____________________小组_________第四课时LearningaboutLanguageTeachingGoals:1.TogetSstoknowhowtousenewwordsandphrases.2.TohelpSstomastersomenewwordsande*pressions：climate/weathercrash1.Sincethelasticeage,theclimateoftheearthhasnotchangedverymuch.自上一个冰川季以来，地球上的气候已经没有太大的变化。句中的sincethelasticeage做时间状语，其中climate作名词，意思是"气候〞Thisplantisalreadyconditionedtothenorthernclimate_.这一作物已适应了北方气候。weather是名词"天气〞。例如：Whatistheweatherlike"天气怎么样？用weather或climate填空1.Theweather__forecastsaiditwouldfineallday.2.LosAngeleshasawarm,dryclimate.3.I’mplayinggolfthisafternoon,weatherpermitting.4.Theseflowerswillnotgrowinacoldclimate.2Otherscientistsbelievethatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance.其他科学家相信，很久以前，一颗小行星撞击了地球，导致了恐龙的消失。本句是复合句，其中thatacometcrashedintotheearthlongagoandcausedthedisappearance是由that引导的宾语从句。句中的crashvi，"碰撞；倒下；坠落〞，并构成词组crashinto"撞入；坠入；闯进〞。Partsofthesatellitecrashedintothesea.局部卫星坠入了海里。班级____________________小组_________Grammar预习学案〔第五课时〕学习目标：1．语言目标Languageaims:Getthestudentstostudynounclauses.2.能力目标Abilityaims:Enbalestudentstousenounclausescorrectlyandproperly.重点keypoints:Howtousenounclausesasthesubjectcorrectlyandproperly.难点difficultpoints:Howtousenounclausesastheobjectandthepredicativecorrectlyandproperly.学习方法learningmethod：根据学案所给例句认真阅读并理解掌握主语从句的用法StepI定义在复合句中作主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词主要有：连接代词who，whom，what连接副词when，where，how，why及连词that，whether。StepII连接词的选用①that和what的选用that和what都可引导名词性从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当*些成分可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。Whathewantsisabook.他想要的是一本书。Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.众所周知，光线沿直线运行。②if和whether的选用引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.我们明天是否在户外开晚会要看天气而定。③其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，选择who,which,when,where,why,how等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：Whenweshallholdoursportsmeetisnotdecided.我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。Whobroketheglassyesterdayisnotclear.还不清楚昨天谁打破了玻璃。Whichcaryouwillchoosetobuymakesnodifference.你决定买哪一辆车都不会有任何区别。④whatever/whoever的功用whatever,whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever=anythingthat;whoever=anyonewho,要注意和whatever,whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别(B级)Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.(主语从句〕＝AnyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunishedWhoeverbreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.(让步状语从句〕(＝Nomatterwhobreaksthelaw,heshouldbepunished.〕2)it构成的主语从句①由连词that引导的主语从句，为防止主语显得过长，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词it作形式主语。Itiswell-knownthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。〔C级〕需要注意的是，it作形式主语代替主语从句时，要注意和as引导的定语从句的区别。比较：ItwasreportedthattheUSwasundertheterroristattack.〔主语从句，有that，无逗号〕Aswasreported,theUSwasundertheterroristattack.〔定语从句，无that，有逗号〕上两句意为"据报道，美国遭到恐惧分子的袭击〞。②常见用it作形式主语的复合句构造◆Itisafact〔agoodidea/apity/ashame/nowonder/goodnews…〕that…如：It’sapitythatyoumissedthefilm.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。◆〔B级〕Itisreported(well-known/hoped/thought/said/believed/suggested/ordered〕that…Itissaidthathewaskilledintheearthquake.据说他在地震中丧生了。◆〔C级〕Itisnecessary〔clear/true/strange/important/wonderful/possible/likely…〕that…需要注意的是，这类主语从句中谓语动词多为"〔should〕＋动词原形〞，即要用虚拟语气。Itisnecessarythatyou〔should〕masterthecomputer.你很有必要掌握电脑。ItisimportantthatastudentlearnEnglishwell.学生学好英语很重要。It’sclearthattheybadlyneedhelp.很明显，他们急需援助。Itislikelythatahurricanewillarrivesoon.飓风很可能马上就要到达了。◆Itseems〔happened/appears/doesn’tmatter/makesnodifference〕that…如：Itseemsthattheywillwinthegame.看起来他们好似会赢得这场比赛。Itmakesnodifferencewhetherhewillattendthemeetingornot.他是否会参加会议都无关紧要StepIII主语从句中应注意的几点：1〕主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用陈述语序，而非一般疑问句语序。如：Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatthelittlegirlcouldplaytheviolinsowell.使我感到惊讶的是这个小女孩的小提琴拉得太好了。Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.他是如何成功的仍然是个谜。2〕主句谓语动词的选用从句作主语时，主句的谓语动词用单数形式ThatBeijingisthecapitalofChinaisknowntoeveryone.人人都知道中国的首都是北京。3)主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：①if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。②Itissaid/reported…构造中的主语从句不可提前。例如：ItissaidthatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolne*tweek.√ThatPresidentJiangwillvisitourschoolne*tweekissaid.×③Ithappens/occurs…构造中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itoccurredtohimthathefailedinthee*amination.√Thathefailedinthee*aminationoccurredtohim.×④Itdoesn’tmatterhow/whether…构造中的主语从句不可提前。例如：Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherheiswrongornot.√Whetherheiswrongornotdoesn’tmatter.×⑤含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：Isitlikelythatitwillrainintheevening"√Isthatwillrainintheeveninglikely"×随堂小测一指出以下为何种从句、1〕Whathewantsisabook.2〕Pleasetellmewhoyourmonitoris.3〕Thisiswhyhedidit.4〕Doyouagreetothesuggestionthatwe(should)haveatripinTibet"5〕Thathewantsabookiscertain.6〕Isuggestedjustnowwe(should)takepartinthiscompetition.主语从句是:1，5_宾语从句为:2，6表语从句为3；同位语从句：4。二单项选择①________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever②Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

③Whenandwhyhecamehere________yet.

A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotbeenknown

④_____surprisedmemostwas____suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That...whatB.What...thatC.That...whichD.What...which5〕Thereisnodoubt________.A.thatMr.HansenisingoodhealthB.whetherisMr.HansenhealthyC.ifMr.Hansen'shealthwasreturningD.whetherMr.Hanseninhealth6Youcan’timagine_____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheyweree*citedB.howe*citedtheywereC.howe*citedweretheyD.theywerehowe*cited7isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It8.______wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.That;what9._____we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

10.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

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