2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号28

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东政法大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

He___athiswatchbeforehelefttheoffice.

问题1选项

A.glanced

B.glimpsed

C.glared

D.scribbled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glanced“瞥闪，瞥见，扫视，匆匆一看（强调主动的加以注意瞥了一眼）；浏览；斜击某物后斜弹开来；反光；轻擦（球）；（板球）斜击”；B选项glimpsed“瞥见（强调被动的，比如某个东西在眼前闪了一下，不是主动去看）”；C选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；D选项scribbled“乱画；潦草地书写；写作（非正式）；粗疏（羊毛）”。句意：他离开办公室前___手表。本句表达“主动地瞥了一眼手表”。因此A选项正确。

2.单选题

Americanstodaydon’tplaceaveryhighvalueonintellect.Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.Symptomsofpervasiveanti-intellectualisminourschoolsaren’tdifficulttofind.

“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.

Buttheycouldandshouldbe.Encouragingkidstorejectthelifeofthemindleavesthemvulnerabletoexploitationandcontrol.Withouttheabilitytothinkcritically,todefendtheirideasandunderstandtheideasofothers,theycannotfullyparticipateinourdemocracy.Continuingalongthispath,sayswriterEarlShorris,“Wewillbecomeasecond-ratecountry.Wewillhavealesscivilsociety.”

“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.Fromthebeginningofourhistory,saysHofstadter,ourdemocraticandpopulisturgehasdrivenustorejectanythingthatsmellsofelitism.Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.

RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren:“Weareshutupinschoolsandcollegerecitationroomsfor10or15yearsandcomeoutatlastwithabellyfulofwordsanddonotknowathing.”MarkTwain’sHuckleberryFinnexemplifiedAmericananti-intellectualism.Itsheroavoidsbeingcivilized—goingtoschoolandlearningtoread—sohecanpreservehisinmategoodness.

Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.

Schoolremainsaplacewhereintellectismistrusted.Hofstadtersaysourcountry’seducationalsystemisinthegripsofpeoplewho“joyfullyandmilitantlyproclaimtheirhostilitytointellectandtheireagernesstoidentifywithchildrenwhoshowtheleastintellectualpromise.”

41.WhatdoAmericanparentsexpecttheirchildrentoacquireinschool?

42.WecanlearnfromthetextthatAmericanshaveahistoryof___.

43.TheviewsofRavitchandEmersononschoolingare___.

44.Emerson,accordingtothetext,isprobably___.

45.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofintellect?

问题1选项

A.Thehabitofthinkingindependently.

B.Profoundknowledgeoftheworld.

C.Practicalabilitiesforfuturecareer.

D.Theconfidenceinintellectualpursuits.

问题2选项

A.undervaluingintellect

B.favoringintellectualism

C.supportingschoolreform

D.suppressingnativeintelligence

问题3选项

A.identical

B.similar

C.complementary

D.opposite

问题4选项

A.apioneerofeducationreform

B.anopponentofintellectualism

C.ascholarinfavorofintellect

D.anadvocateofregularschooling

问题5选项

A.Itissecondtointelligence.

B.Itevolvesfromcommonsense.

C.Itistobepursued.

D.Itunderliespower.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文第一段Ourheroesareathlete,entertainers,andentrepreneurs,notscholars.Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（我们的英雄是运动员、艺人和企业家，而不是学者。甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是为了知识而追求知识）可知父母会希望孩子们在学校接受实用教育，选C选项“未来职业的实践能力”，同时可知D选项“对知识追求的信心”错误；A选项“独立思考的习惯”，B选项“对世界的深刻了解”未提及。因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词定位到原文第四段“Intellectisresentedasaformofpowerorprivilege,”writeshistorianandprofessorRichardHofstadterinAnti-IntellectualisminAmericanLife,aPulitzerPrizewinningbookontherootsofanti-intellectualisminUSpolitics,religion,andeducation.（历史学家兼教授理查德•霍夫施塔特在《美国生活中的反智主义》一书中写道：“知识分子被视为一种权力或特权而遭人憎恨。”这本曾获普利策奖的书探讨了美国政治、宗教和教育中的反智主义的根源）可推测出历史上美国人有反智主义，选A选项“低估智力”，同时可知B选项“倾向于理智主义”错误；C选项“支持学校改革”未提及；D选项“抑制天生的智力”属于过度推测。因此A选项正确。

43.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段RichardHofstadter的观点，Practicality,commonsense,andnativeintelligencehavebeenconsideredmorenoblequalitiesthananythingyoucouldlearnfromabook.（实用性、常识和天生的智慧被认为是比你从书本中学到的任何东西都更高贵的品质）可以推测反智主义的教育体现为“读书无用论”；根据第二段“Schoolshavealwaysbeeninasocietywherepracticalismoreimportantthanintellectual,”sayseducationwriterDianeRavitch.（教育作家DianeRavitch说：“学校一直处于一个实践比知识更重要的社会中。”）Ravitch’slatestbook,LeftBack:ACenturyoffailedSchoolReforms,tracestherootsofanti-intellectualisminourschools,concludingtheyareanythingbutacounterbalancetotheAmericandistasteforintellectualpursuits.（Ravitch的新书《落后：一个世纪的失败学校改革》追溯了学校中反智主义的根源，书中的结论是：美国学校绝没有对美国人厌恶才学进行抵制）可以推测出Ravitch并不属于反智主义，她不认为读书无用，而是觉得“Schoolcouldbeacounterbalance.”（学校可以成为一种平衡）；根据第五段RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义。由此可知他俩的观点相反；A选项“相同”；B选项“相似”；C选项“互补”；D选项“相反”，其余三项和原文表达的观点不符，因此D选项正确。

44.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第五段第一句RalphWaldoEmersonandotherTranscendentalistphilosophersthoughtschoolingandrigorousbooklearningputunnaturalrestraintsonchildren（爱默生和其他一些超自然主义哲学家认为学校教育和高强度的书本学习会使孩子受到不自然的限制）可以判断出Emerson支持读书无用论，即为反智主义，选B选项“理性主义的反对者”，同时可知C选项“一个支持智力的学者”错误；A选项“教育改革的先驱”和D选项“常规学校教育的倡导者”和原文无关。因此B选项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段第三句Evenourschoolsarewherewesendourchildrentogetapracticaleducation—nottopursueknowledgeforthesakeofknowledge.（甚至我们的学校也是我们送孩子去接受实用教育的地方——而不是为了知识而追求知识）可以推断出作者认为学校只是送孩子去接受实用教育的地方，而不是去为了知识而追求它的地方，侧面表达了作者认为知识是应该需要去追求的，结合倒数第二段Intellect,accordingtoHofstadter,isdifferentfromnativeintelligence,aqualitywereluctantlyadmire.Intellectisthecritical,creative,andcontemplativesideofthemind.Intelligenceseekstograsp,manipulate,re-order,andadjust,whileintellectexamines,ponders,wonders,theorizes,criticizesandimagines.（根据霍夫施塔特的说法，才学不同于天生的智力，天生的智力是一种我们勉强欣赏的品质。才学是头脑中批判、创造和沉思的一面。智力寻求掌握、操纵、重新安排和调整，而才学则检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象。）可知作者认为智力是天生的，但是才学是可以通过检查、思考、创造奇迹、推理、批评和想象这一系列所追求到，并没有提到才学仅次于智力，选C选项“它需要被追求”，同时可知A选项“它仅次于智力”错误；B选项“它从常识演变而来”和D选项“它是力量的基础”不符合原文，排除。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Let’sspeedupthelesson.Ifwe___toolongongrammar,we___enoughtimefororalactivities.

问题1选项

A.spent...wouldget

B.spent...wouldnotget

C.hadspent...wouldhavegot

D.hadspent…wouldnothavegot

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：让我们加快上课速度。如果我们___太多在语法上，我们___足够的时间进行口语活动。根据句意可知提出对于现在的条件，主句：主语would/should/might/could＋动词原形；从句：动词过去式。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

Ireallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually___fromit.

问题1选项

A.prevented

B.restrained

C.refrained

D.restricted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevented“预防，防止；阻止”；B选项restrained“抑制，控制；约束；制止（多用于refrainfromdoingsth.指克制自己以避免做某事）”；C选项refrained“节制，克制（以防变得过于激烈、强硬或直白）；避免；制止（通过拘留、上手铐等方式阻止囚犯等的暴力行为）（多用于restrainsb.fromdoingsth.）”；D选项restricted“限制，约束（使之不超过需要的范围，如大小、规模等）；限定（活动或行为）”。句意：我真想在会上说点什么，但最后还是___了。根据固定搭配restrainsb.fromdoingsth.可知本句表达“最后忍住了”，因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

I___tocallonyou,butwaspreventedfromdoingso.

问题1选项

A.meant

B.hasmeant

C.wasmeaning

D.hadmeant

【答案】D

【解析】考查时态。根据but之后的动词waspreventedfrom为过去时态，而meantocallonyou发生waspreventedfrom之前，过去的过去，则时态为过去完成时。在句意：我本想拜访你，但被阻止了。因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Thegovernorwas___bythepublicformisusinghispowerforpersonalinterests.

问题1选项

A.sneaked

B.praised

C.flailed

D.rebuked

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneaked“溜；鬼鬼祟祟做事；向老师打小报告；偷偷地做；偷偷取得”；B选项praised“赞扬；（尤指唱歌）歌颂（上帝）”；C选项flailed“乱动；（用棍棒）猛击；（使）大幅波动；踉跄；用连枷打（谷）”；D选项rebuked“斥责，指责；控制”。句意：这位州长因滥用权力谋取个人利益而受到公众的___。本句表达“被公众斥责”，因此D选项正确。

7.单选题

IamalwaysalittlepuzzledwhenIhearpeoplecomplainaboutthedifficultiesoffindingagoodjob.Youngpeopleintheir20sexpressdissatisfactionthatallthegoodjobshavebeentakenbythoseintheir40s.Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.Olderemployeesworryaboutbeingforcedoutofthejobmarketprematurelybyyoungerpeoplewillingtoworkatentry-levelwages.Itisnotaprettypicture.

ButIdonotbuyit.Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity—ifyouremembertoapplysomebasicprinciplesofself-marketing.MostofuslearnedfromMarketing101textbooksthattherearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.

Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.Introductionturnsintothegrowthphasewhentheathletegoesfrombeingapromisingperformertoanestablishedstar.That’swheneverybodywantsapieceoftheathlete’stimeandhemuststayfocusedonhisprimarytalentandnotgetdistractedbysideissues.

Foranathlete,thetoughestthingaboutthematurephasemaysimplyberecognizingthatheorsheisinit.Ifyou’remarketingabarofsoapitiseasytotelliftheproductismature.Itisthereinthestagnantorshrinkingsalesfigures.Itisdifferentwithathletes.Notonlydotheythinkthegrowthphasewillneverendbuttheyoftendenythatthereisanydecreaseintheirathleticskillsormarketability,nomatterwhatthenumberssay.

Thedeclinephaseforanathletemaysoundharsh,butitdoesn’thavetobeifheorshethinksofitasareflectivephase.Inthisphaseanathletecanhaveatremendousfutureasalegendaryfigurewhofunctionsasanambassadorforhisorhersport.Ifyousubstitute“employee”for“athlete”intheseexamples,thesefourphasesapplytoanyindividual’scareer.

Igenuinelybelievethatwheneverpeoplefaceacareercrisis,abigreasonisbecausetheyare“outofphase”.Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers.WiththemassivedownsizingofcorporateAmerica,therearetensofthousandsoftalentedmenandwomenovertheageof50whofeelshutoutofthework-place.Tome,thesepeopleareagoldmine—notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.Andsincemanyofthemreceivedgenerousearly-retirementpackages,moneyisnottheirsolemotivation.Inotherwords,theyareaffordable.

IfIweremarketingmyselfinthematurephase.I’dfocusonthesequalities.Wisdom,experienceandaffordabilitymakeupapotentpackage.Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.

1.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?

2.Whoarecomplainingaboutthedifficultiesofgettingagoodjobatthetop?

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtotheauthor?

4.Accordingtotheauthor,inwhichofthefourphasescananathletehaveatremendousappeal?

5.Theauthorthinkshighlyofolderemployeesbecause___.

问题1选项

A.Mostyoungpeoplecannotfindajobiftheydon’tstudythefourphasetheory.

B.Youngpeoplewithgoodjobshavestudiedthefourphasetheory.

C.Jobseekersshouldfullyunderstandthephasetheyarein.

D.Olderemployeeswillbeforcedoutofthejobmarketbytheyoung.

问题2选项

A.Youngpeoplehoppingfromjobtojob.

B.Peopleintheirforties.

C.Olderemployeeswiththelikelihoodofearlyretirement.

D.Peoplenotcompletingthefourphasesintheircareercycle.

问题3选项

A.Onegeneration’sambitionwillsoonerorlaterbecomeareality.

B.Findingagoodjobmainlydependsonone’sage.

C.Differencesbetweengenerationsaremoreofanopportunitythanaproblem.

D.Themarketabilityofaproductcanbecomparedtothatofanathlete.

问题4选项

A.Introductionphase

B.Growthphase

C.Maturephase

D.Declinephase

问题5选项

A.theyaregoodatmarketingthemselves

B.theyareobedientandcanbeeasilycontrolled

C.theypossessbetterqualitiesinthegrowthphase

D.theyhavemorewisdom,experienceandaffordability

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段最后一句Butyoucannotdothatunlessyoufirstrecognizeandfullyappreciatethephaseyouarein.（但除非你首先认识到并充分欣赏你所处的阶段，否则你无法做到这一点）可知选C选项“求职者应该充分了解他们所处的阶段”；A选项“大多数年轻人如果不学习四阶段理论就找不到工作”，B选项“有好工作的年轻人学习过四阶段理论”以及D选项“年长的雇员将被年轻人逼出就业市场”未在原文提及。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“atthetop”定位到原文第一段Peopleintheir40s,trappedinthemiddlegroupsoftheworkforce,complainaboutwaitingfortheirelderstomakeroomforthematthetop.（40多岁的人被困在劳动力的中间阶层，他们抱怨要等前辈为他们上层腾出空间）可知选B选项“40多岁的人”；A选项“年轻人经常换工作”，C选项“年龄较大的员工有可能提前退休”以及D选项“人们在他们的职业周期中没有完成四个阶段”和原文不符。因此B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段第二句Inmyview,differencesbetweengenerationsarenotaproblembutanopportunity（在我看来，两代人之间的差异不是一个问题，而是一个机会）可知选C选项“两代人之间的差异与其说是一个问题，不如说是一个机会”；A选项“一代人的抱负迟早会成为现实”，B选项“找到好工作主要取决于年龄”原文未提及；根据原文therearefourphasesinthelifecycleofaproductorbrand.Thenamesmaydiffer,butessentiallythefourphasesareIntroduction,Growth,MaturityandDecline.Asamanagerofhigh-profileathletesformorethan30years,Iknowthatthesefourphasescertainlyapplytothecareerandmarketabilityofanathlete.（产品或品牌的生命周期有四个阶段。名字可能不同，但基本上这四个阶段是入门，成长，成熟和衰退。作为一名管理知名运动员30多年的经理，我知道这四个阶段肯定适用于运动员的职业生涯和市场价值）可知原文并没有提到产品的市场性，D选项“产品的市场性可以与运动员的市场性相比较”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

4.推理判断题。根据原文第三段第一句Anathlete’sintroductionorstart-upphaseiswhenheorshestartscompeting,doeswellandcapturestheattentionofpeopleinthesport.（一个运动员的入门或启动阶段是指他或她开始比赛，表现出色，并在这项运动中吸引人们的注意力）可知选A选项“入门阶段”；B“增长阶段”，C选项“成熟阶段”，D选项“衰退期”没有提到吸引力这一项。因此A选项正确。

5.事实细节题。根据题干关键词“olderemployees”定位到原文倒数第二端Ihavealwaysbeenatremendousadvocateofrecruitingolderworkers…notbecausetheyareavailablebutratherbecausetheypossessthequalitiesthatemployeesintheintroductionandgrowthphaseslack,namelywisdomandexperience.（我一直大力提倡招聘年长员工……不是因为他们可以得到，而是因为他们拥有员工在入门和成长阶段所缺乏的品质，即智慧和经验）可知选D选项“他们有更多的智慧，经验和负担能力”，同时可知C选项“他们在生长阶段拥有更好的品质”和原文不符；A选项“他们善于推销自己”，B选项“他们很听话，很容易控制”未提及。因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Weshouldbejudgedbythequalityofourproductsandthevalueinvestors___fromthem.

问题1选项

A.deride

B.derive

C.elude

D.evade

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deride“嘲笑；嘲弄”；B选项derive“源于；得自；获得”；C选项elude“（尤指机智地，巧妙地）避开，逃避，躲避；使无法得到；使无法达到；使不记得；使不理解”；D选项evade“逃避；规避；逃脱”。句意：我们应该根据我们产品的质量和投资者从中___的价值来判断。本句表达“投资者从中获得的价值”，因此B选项正确。

9.单选题

The___atthemilitaryacademyissorigidthatstudentscanhardlybearit.

问题1选项

A.confinement

B.convention

C.discipline

D.principle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项confinement“限制；监禁；分娩”；B选项convention“大会；[法]惯例；[计]约定；[法]协定；习俗”；C选项discipline“学科；纪律；训练；惩罚”；D选项principle“原理；原则；主义；道义；本质；本义；根源；源泉”。句意：这所军事学校的___太严格了，学生们几乎无法忍受。本句表达“军事学校的纪律”，因此选项C正确。

10.单选题

Ⅶ.(CivilandCommercialLaw)

AnglicanArchbishopRowanWilliamssetoffaninternationalfirestormonFebruary7,2008bysuggestingthatsome“accommodation”ofMuslimfamilylawwas“unavoidable”inEngland.Hissuggestion,thoughcarefullyqualified,promptedmorethan250articlesintheworldpresswithinamonth,thevastmajoritydenouncingit.England,hiscriticscharged,willbebesetby“licensedpolygamy,”barbaricprocedures,andbrutalviolenceagainstwomenencasedinsuffocatingburkas(穆斯林妇女穿的长袍).CriticsproclaimedthatMuslimcitizensofaWesterndemocracywillbesubjecttolegallyghettoizedMuslimcourtsimmunefromcivilappealorconstitutionalchallenge.ConsiderNigeria,Pakistan,andotherformerEnglishcoloniesthathavesoughttobalanceMuslimShari’a(伊斯兰教法)withthecommonlaw,othercriticsadded.Thehorrificexcessesandchronichumanrightsviolationsoftheirreligiouscourts—evenorderingthefaithfultostoneinnocentrapevictimsfordishonoringtheirfamilies—provethatreligiouslawsandstatelawsonthefamilysimplycannotcoexist.Caseclosed.

Thiscasewon’tstayclosedforlong,however.TheArchbishopwasnotcallingfortheestablishmentofindependentMuslimcourtsinEngland,letalonetheenforcementofShari’abyEnglishcourts.Hewas,instead,raisingawholeseriesofhardbut“unavoidable”questionsaboutmarital,cultural,andreligiousidentityandpracticeinWesterndemocraticsocietiescommittedtohumanrightsforall.Whatformsofmarriageshouldcitizensbeabletochoose,andwhatforumsofreligiousmarriagelawshouldstategovernmentsberequiredtorespect?HowshouldMuslimsandotherreligiousminoritieswithdistinctivefamilynormsandculturalpracticesbeaccommodatedinasocietydedicatedtoreligiouslibertyandself-determination,andtoreligiousequalityandnon-discrimination?Arelegalpluralismandeven“personalfederalism”necessarytoprotectMuslimsandotherreligiousbelieverswhoareconscientiouslyopposedtotheliberalvaluesthatinformmodernstatelawsonsex,marriage,andfamily?IseveryconstitutionalaccommodationofMuslimfamilylawandShari’acourtsadangerousstepontheslipperyslopetowardempoweringthatfaith,someofwhoseleaderssubverttheverydemocraticandhumanrightsvaluesthatnowofferthemprotection?Theseandotherhardquestionsarebecoming“un¬avoidable”formanymodernWesterndemocracieswithgrowinganddiverseMuslimcommunities,eachmakingnewandeverlouderdemands.IfcurrentgrowthratesofMuslimcommunitiesintheWestcontinue,agenerationfromnowtheDanishcartoon“crisis”isgoingtoseemlikechild’splay.

75.Thebesttopicforthefirstparagraphis___.

76.Theauthorthinksthatthe“casewon’tstayclosedforlong”becausetheArchbishop___.

77.WhichofthefollowingquestionsdoestheauthorNOTaskinthesecondparagraph?

78.Thequestionsraisedbytheauthorarebecoming“unavoidable”formanymodernWesterndemocraciesNOTbecause____.

问题1选项

A.ArchbishopRowanWilliamssetsaninternationalfirestorm

B.CriticstoArchbishopRowanWilliams’suggestion

C.EnglandcannotacceptMuslimfamilylaw

D.Religiouslawsandstatelawsonthefamilysimplycannotcoexist

问题2选项

A.wasraisingfundamentalquestionsofhumanrightsforall

B.wasnotcallingfortheestablishmentofindependentMuslimcourtsinEngland

C.wasnotcallingforenforcementofShari’abyEnglishcourts

D.raisedquestionsrelatingtomarital,cultural,andreligiousidentity

问题3选项

A.Cancitizenschoosetheirmarriageforms?

B.ShouldMuslimsandotherreligiousbelieversbeprotectedbylegalpluralism?

C.Whatforumsofreligiousmarriagelawshouldstategovernmentsrespect?

D.IsconstitutionalaccommodationofMuslimfamilylawandShari’acourtsadangerousstep?

问题4选项

A.theMuslimcommunitiesaregrowinganddiverse

B.eachoftheMuslimcommunitiesismakingnewandeverlouderdemands

C.theDanishcartoon“crisis”isgoingtoseemlikechild’splay

D.thegrowthratesofMuslimcommunitiesintheWestcontinue

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

【解析】75.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据题干定位到原文第一段中心句AnglicanArchbishopRowanWilliamssetoffaninternationalfirestorm1onFebruary7,2008bysuggestingthatsome“accommodation”ofMuslimfamilylawwas“unavoidable”inEngland.（2008年2月7日，英国圣公会(Anglican)大主教罗文•威廉姆斯(RowanWilliams)提出，在英国“不可避免”地“迁就”穆斯林家庭法，这引发了一场国际风暴）可知第一段的最佳主题是A选项“大主教罗文•威廉姆斯引发了一场国际风暴”；B选项“大主教罗文•威廉姆斯的建议遭到了批评”，C选项“英国不能接受穆斯林家庭法”以及D选项“关于家庭的宗教法律和州法律根本不能共存”只是第一段的片面内容，都是解释说明“大主教罗文•威廉姆斯引发了一场国际风暴”的具体内容，只有A选项足以概括第一段内容。因此A选项正确。

76.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段Thiscasewon’tstayclosedforlong…Hewas,instead,raisingawholeseriesofhardbut“unavoidable”questionsaboutmarital,cultural,andreligiousidentityandpracticeinWesterndemocraticsocietiescommittedtohumanrightsforall.（这个案子不会结案太久……相反，他（指前一句所提到的TheArchbishop“大主教”）提出了一系列关于婚姻、文化和宗教认同以及西方民主社会中致力于人人享有人权的做法的艰难但“不可避免”的问题）可知选A选项“提出了所有人的基本人权问题”；D选项“提出有关婚姻、文化和宗教身份的问题”和原文有偏差，没有A选项概括的那么全面；根据原文B选项“没有呼吁在英国建立独立的穆斯林法庭”和C选项“不是呼吁英国法庭执行伊斯兰教法”并没有回答为什么“案件不会持续很长时间”这一问题，排除。因此A选项正确。

77.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到第二段Arelegalpluralismandeven“personalfederalism”necessarytoprotectMuslimsandotherreligiousbelieverswhoareconscientiouslyopposedtotheliberalvaluesthatinformmodernstatelawsonsex,marriage,andfamily?（法律多元主义甚至“个人联邦制”是否有必要保护穆斯林和那些自觉反对为现代州性、婚姻和家庭法律提供信息的自由价值观的其他宗教信仰者们？）可知B选项“穆斯林和其他宗教信徒应该受到法律多元化的保护吗？”和原文有偏差，原文对于“其他宗教信徒”有“自觉反对为现代州性、婚姻和家庭法律提供信息的自由价值观”这一限定，而B选项范围过大；第二段Whatformsofmarriageshouldcitizensbeabletochoose,andwhatforumsofreligiousmarriagelawshouldstategovernmentsberequiredtorespect?（公民应该选择什么样的婚姻形式，州政府应该尊重什么样的宗教婚姻法论坛？）对应A选项“公民可以选择自己的婚姻形式吗？”和C选项“国家政府应该尊重哪些宗教婚姻法论坛？”；第二段IseveryconstitutionalaccommodationofMuslimfamilylawandShari’acourtsadangerousstepontheslipperyslopetowardempoweringthatfaith,someofwhoseleaderssubverttheverydemocraticandhumanrightsvaluesthatnowofferthemprotection?（宪法对穆斯林家庭法和伊斯兰法庭的每一个通融是否都是朝着赋予这种信仰权力的方向迈出的危险的一步，他们的一些领导人颠覆了现在为他们提供保护的非常民主和人权的价值观？）对应D选项“宪法对穆斯林家庭法和伊斯兰教法的适应是危险的一步吗?”。因此B选项符合题意。

78.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第二段末尾Theseandotherhardquestionsarebecoming“un-avoidable”formanymodernWesterndemocracieswithgrowinganddiverseMuslimcommunities,eachmakingnewandeverlouderdemands.IfcurrentgrowthratesofMuslimcommunitiesintheWestcontinue,agenerationfromnowtheDanishcartoon“crisis”isgoingtoseemlikechild’splay.（随着穆斯林群体的不断壮大和多样化，每个人都提出了越来越强烈的新要求，对于许多现代西方民主国家来说，这些和其他棘手的问题正变得“无法避免”。如果西方穆斯林社区目前的增长速度继续下去，那么从现在开始的一代人看来，丹麦漫画《危机》将像儿戏）可知A选项“穆斯林社区正在成长和多样化”，B选项“每一个穆斯林社区都在提出新的、更响亮的要求”以及D选项“穆斯林社区在西方继续增长”都是导致作者提出的问题对许多现代西方民主国家来说正变得“不可避免”的原因，而C选项“丹麦漫画《危机》看起来就像儿戏”是这些问题会导致的结果。因此C选项符合题意。

11.单选题

It’sageneralpracticeforsmallfactoriesto___moreworkersduringtimesofprosperity,andlayoffsomewhenrecessionhits.

问题1选项

A.takein

B.takeover

C.takeon

D.takeup

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项takein“吸收；领会；欺骗；接待；接受；理解；拘留；欺骗；让……进入；改短”；B选项takeover“接管；接收”；C选项takeon“承担；呈现；具有；流行；接纳；雇用；穿上”；D选项takeup“拿起；开始从事；占据（时间，地方）”。句意：对于小工厂来说，在经济繁荣时期___更多的工人，在经济衰退时裁掉一些工人是普遍做法。根据和后文layoff“解雇；休息；停止工作”对比可知本句表达“在经济繁荣时期雇佣更多的工人”。因此C选项正确。

12.单选题

Ifthefirealarmissounded,allresidentsarerequestedto___inthecourtyard.

问题1选项

A.converge

B.assemble

C.crowd

D.accumulate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项converge“聚集（从不同的方向走向一个地方并相遇）；靠拢；收敛”；B选项assemble“集合，聚集；装配；收集（作为一个团体聚集在一起或者把人或事物作为一个团体聚集在一起）”；C选项crowd“挤满；逼近（某人）；聚集（站得很近以至于使某人感到不舒服或紧张）；（想法或观点）塞满脑子；催促（因而使人生气或不快）”；D选项accumulate“累积；积聚（在一段时间内逐渐得到越来越多某物）”。句意：如火警响起，请所有居民在庭院___。本句表达“火灾发生的话请所有居民作为一个团体聚集在庭院”，因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

III.ConstitutionalLawandAdministrativeLaw

TwocenturiesafterMarburyv.Madison,thereremainsadeepconfusionaboutquitewhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview.Conventionalwisdomhasitthatjudicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects:statutes,regulations.Butstrictlyspeaking,thisisnotquiteright.TheConstitutionprohibitsnotobjectsbutactions.Judicialreviewisthereviewofsuchactions.Andactionsrequireactors:verbsrequiresubjects.Sobeforejudicialreviewfocusesonverbs,letaloneobjects,itshouldbeginatthebeginning,withsubjects.Everyconstitutionalinquiryshouldbeginwithabasicquestionthathasbeenalmostuniversallyoverlooked.Thefundamentalquestion,fromwhichallelsefollows,isthewhoquestion:whohasviolatedtheConstitution?

Asjudicialreviewispracticedtoday,courtsskipoverthisbedrockquestiontogettothemorefamiliarquestion:howwastheConstitutionviolated?Butitmakesnosensetoaskhow,untilthereisananswertowho.Indeed,incountlessmuddledlinesofdoctrine,puzzlementaboutthepredicatesofconstitutionalviolationfollowsdirectlyfrommorefundamentalconfusionaboutthesubjects.

Thisfundamentalconfusion,likemostconfusioninlaw,stemsfrominsufficientattentiontotext.Individualwordsareimportant,ofcourse,butequallyimportantistextualstructure.Thewordsformclausesandtakeongrammaticalfunctionswithinthoseclauses.Withintheirclauses,thesewordsbecomesubjects,verbs,objects.Thegrammaticalrelationshipamongthesewordsmaybejustasrevealingasthewordsthemselves.Grammaticalimprecisioncancause—andhascaused—deepanalyticalanddoctrinalconfusion.Butcarefulattentiontoconstitutionalgrammarcanreveal—andwillreveal—nothinglessthantheconstitutionalstructureofjudicialreview.

Confusionaboutthewho(and,relatedly,thewhen)ofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofmanyofthedeepestpuzzlesoffederaljurisdiction—puzzlesofripeness,ofstanding,ofseverability,of“facial”and“as-applied”challenges.Simplybyfocusingattentiononthiscrucialconstitutionalfeature,thesubjectsoftheConstitution,thesepuzzlesmaybesolvedonceandforall.

Andastheyaresolved,itbecomesclearthatthisapproachconstitutesanewmodelofjudicialreview.AccordingtoHarvardLawProfessorRichardFallon,federalcourtsscholarshavebeendoingmuchthesamethingsincetheoriginalpublicationofTheFederalCourtsandtheFederalSystemin1953—“askingmuchthesamequestionsformulatedbyHenryHartandHerbertWechsler…andtryingtoanswerthemwithroughlythesametechniques.”

59.Whydoestheauthorthinkthereremainsadeepconfusionaboutwhatacourtisreviewingwhenitengagesinjudicialreview?

60.Theunderlinedphrase“asrevealingas”inthe3ndparagraphmeans___.

61.Theauthorthinksthattheconfusionaboutthewhoofconstitutionalviolationhasbeentherootcauseofthefollowingpuzzlesexcept___.

62.Readingtheparagraphs,onecantellthattheauthor___.

问题1选项

A.Judicialreviewisthereviewofcertainlegalobjects.

B.Judicialreviewisthereviewofactions.

C.Verbsrequiresubjects.