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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京体育大学考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thereisnoelectricityagain.A(

)hasblown,causingthelightstofail.

问题1选项

A.fuse

B.wire

C.plug

D.circuit

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。fuse“保险丝,熔线”;wire“金属丝”;plug“插头”;circuit“电路”。句意:又停电了。保险丝坏了,导致停电了。因此选项A符合题意

2.单选题

M:Howiseverythinggoingwithyou?

W:Notbad.Say,ifyouaredonefortheday,maybewecouldcelebrateyourbirthdayatStarbucks,I’llbuy!

Q:What’sthewomandoing?

问题1选项

A.Sheismakinganinvitation.

B.Sheismakingasuggestion.

C.Sheisaskingforadvice.

D.Sheisofferingheropinion

【答案】A

【解析】根据女士说的话“如果你今天的工作完成了,也许我们可以到星巴克为你庆祝生日,我请客!”可知A选项‘她正在发出邀请。’正确。

3.单选题

TherearemanytheoriesaboutthebeginningofdramainancientGreece.Theonemostwidelyacceptedtodayisbasedontheassumptionthatdramaevolvedfromritual.Theargumentforthisviewgoesasfollows.Inthebeginning,humanbeingsviewedthenaturalforcesoftheworld,eventheseasonalchanges,asunpredictable,andtheysought,throughvariousmeans,tocontroltheseunknownandfearfulpowers.Thosemeasureswhichappearedtobringthedesiredresultswerethenretainedandrepeateduntiltheyhardenedintofixedrituals.Eventuallystoriesarosewhichexplainedorveiledthemysteriesoftherites.Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.

Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.Furthermore,asuitablesitehadtobeprovidedforperformances,andwhentheentirecommunitydidnotparticipate,acleardivisionwasusuallymadebetweenthe“actingarea”andthe“auditorium”.Inaddition,therewereperformers,and,sinceconsiderableimportancewasattachedtoavoidingmistakesintheenactmentofrites,religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask.Wearingmasksandcostumes,theyoftenimpersonatedotherpeople,animals,orsupernaturalbeingsandmimedthedesiredeffect—successinhuntorballet,thecomingrain,therevivalofthesun—asanactormight.Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.

Anothertheorytracesthetheater'soriginfromthehumaninterestinstorytelling.Accordingtothisview,tales(aboutthehunt,war,ofother-feats)aregraduallyelaborated,atfirstthroughtheuseofimpersonation,action,anddialoguebyanarratorandthenthroughtheassumptionofeachoftherolesbyadifferentperson.Acloselyrelatedtheorytracestheatertothosedancesthatareprimarilyrhythmicalandgymnasticorthataretheimitationofanimalmovementsandsounds.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Whataspectofdramadoestheauthordiscussinthefirstparagraph?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacommonelementoftheatreandritual?

4.Theword“considerable”underlinedinparagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“(

)".

5.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemaindifferencebetweenritualanddrama?

问题1选项

A.Theoriginsoftheatre.

B.Theroleofritualinmodemdance

C.Theimportanceofstorytelling

D.Thevarietyofearlyreligiousactivities.

问题2选项

A.Thereasondramaisoftenunpredictable.

B.Theseasonsinwhichdramaswereperformed.

C.Theconnectionbetweenmythsanddramaticplots.

D.Theimportanceofcostumesinearlydrama.

问题3选项

A.Dance.

B.Costumes.

C.Music

D.Magic.

问题4选项

A.thoughtful

B.substantial

C.relational

D.ceremonial

问题5选项

A.Ritualusesmusicwhereasdramadoesnot.

B.Ritualisshorterthandrama.

C.Ritualrequiresfewerperformersthandrama.

D.Ritualhasareligiouspurposeanddramadoesnot.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干询问‘这篇文章主要讨论什么?’。文章前两段介绍了一种被广泛接受的一个理论,即戏剧是从仪式演变而来的。在最后一段还介绍了两种有关戏剧起源的不同理论,一个是认为戏剧起源于人类对讲故事的兴趣,另一个将戏剧的起源追溯到舞蹈。所以全文围绕着“戏剧的起源”这一主题展开,A选项‘戏剧的起源’正确。

2.细节事实题。题干询问‘作者在第一段中讨论了戏剧的哪些方面?’。根据文章第一段中的最后一句“Astimepassed,someritualswereabandoned,butthestories,latercalledmyths,persistedandprovidedmaterialforartanddrama.随着时间的推移,一些仪式被废弃了,但这些后来被称为神话的故事流传下来,为艺术和戏剧提供了素材。”确定作者在文章第一段讨论了神话和戏剧情节之间的关系,所以C选项‘神话和戏剧性情节之间的联系’正确。

3.细节事实题。题干询问‘以下哪一项不被提及为戏剧和仪式的共同元素?’。根据文章第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为,这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子,因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A‘舞蹈’、B‘服装’和C‘音乐’都有提及,D选项的“巫术”没有提及,符合题意。

4.词汇题。题干询问‘第2段下划线的“considerable”一词在意义上最接近…’。“considerable”出现在文章第二段第三句话中,修饰名词“importance重要性”,句意是‘由于在仪式的制定过程中避免错误的发生受到了……重视,宗教领袖通常承担这项任务。’根据“avoidingmistakes避免错误”以及“religiousleadersusuallyassumedthattask通常是宗教领袖来承担该项任务”可以确定B选项‘大量的’。正确

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据这篇文章,仪式和戏剧的主要区别是什么?’。根据第二段第一句“Thosewhobelievethatdramaevolvedoutofritualalsoarguethatthoseritescontainedtheseedoftheaterbecausemusic,dance,masks,andcostumeswerealmostalwaysused.那些相信戏剧是由仪式演变而来的人也认为,这些仪式包含了戏剧的种子,因为音乐、舞蹈、面具和服装几乎总是被使用。”确定A选项‘仪式用音乐,而戏剧不用’不正确。B项“宗教仪式比戏剧短”与C项“宗教仪式相比戏剧有更少的表演者”在文中没有提及;根据倒数第二段中“Eventuallysuchdramaticrepresentationswereseparatedfromreligiousactivities.最终,这种戏剧性的表现形式从宗教活动中分离了出来。”确定D项“宗教仪式有一个宗教目的,而戏剧没有”正确。

4.单选题

Aninterestingtheoryineconomicsis(1)bytheHeadManofasmallmountaintribe.Itseemsthatthistribewasverygoodatmakingstrawmatsthathadgreatsales

(2)

inthe

(3)

market.TherepresentativeofanAmericancompanywenttovisitthetribeandtriedtomakeagoodbusinessdeal.He

(4)

totheHeadManand

(5)

thathiscompanywouldliketo

(6)

severalthousandpieces.

Undoubtedly,hesaid,thebusiness

(7)

wouldbe

(8)

tothetribe.Aftersomethoughts,theHeadMan

(9)

,butannouncedthatthepriceperpiecewouldbe

(10)

insucha

(11)

orderthanitwouldbeif

(12)

asmallorderwereplaced.Therepresentativewas

(13)

thanalittleshocked

(14)

thebusinesssenseoftheHeadMan,

(15)

insistedthatthepriceshouldbe

(16)becauseofthelargevolume,and

(17)

nothigher.No,repliedtheheadofthetribe

(18)

.Butwhynot?askedtheAmerican.Because

(19)

issotiresometomakethe

(20)

articleoverandover,answeredtheHeadMan.

问题1选项

A.illustrated

B.appreciated

C.demonstrated

D.anticipated

问题2选项

A.capacity

B.potential

C.ability

D.fortune

问题3选项

A.straw

B.global

C.world

D.earth

问题4选项

A.addressed

B.spoke

C.asked

D.told

问题5选项

A.declared

B.confirmed

C.demanded

D.gestured

问题6选项

A.order

B.sell

C.dispose

D.make

问题7选项

A.treaty

B.pact

C.matter

D.deal

问题8选项

A.effective

B.efficient

C.valuable

D.profitable

问题9选项

A.agreed

B.accepted

C.refused

D.received

问题10选项

A.lower

B.higher

C.expensive

D.cheaper

问题11选项

A.small

B.big

C.vast

D.high

问题12选项

A.certainly

B.really

C.only

D.simply

问题13选项

A.greater

B.stronger

C.less

D.more

问题14选项

A.from

B.of

C.at

D.since

问题15选项

A.who

B.and

C.then

D.therefore

问题16选项

A.lower

B.higher

C.little

D.raised

问题17选项

A.never

B.really

C.certainly

D.yet

问题18选项

A.weakly

B.happily

C.stubbornly

D.hesitatingly

问题19选项

A.he

B.it

C.what

D.work

问题20选项

A.similar

B.beautiful

C.alike

D.same

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:B

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:D

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:A

第17题:C

第18题:C

第19题:B

第20题:D

【解析】(1)动词辨析题。illustrate举例说明,阐述;appreciate欣赏,感激;demonstrate展示,证明;anticipate预料,预期。句意:一个小山村部落的首领一个有趣的经济学理论。根据关键词“theory”可知选项C“证实....理论”最为恰当。

(2)近义词辨析题。capacity能力;potential潜力;ability能耐;fortune财富,运气。根据下文“一家美国公司的代表去拜访这个部落,试图达成一笔好生意。”说明这些草席是有销售潜力的,所以选项B更恰当。

(3)考查固定用法。worldmarket为固定用法,表示“国际市场,世界市场”。所以选项C正确。

(4)近义词辨析题。根据句意可知,这里是想表达美国公司的代表对部落首领说....。选项A太正式,一般用于书信表达;选项C意为请求,要求;选项D后面直接接sb.,不用介词to,所以只有选项B正确。

(5)动词辨析题。declared宣称,断言;confirmed证实,批准;demanded要求;gestured做手势。根据下文可知,这里指宣称他的公司将要订购几千个草席这件事件,所以选项A符合句意。

(6)动词辨析题。order订购;sell售卖;dispose处理;make制造。根据上文可知,这里是订购草席,所以选项A正确。

(7)考查固定搭配。businessdeal为固定搭配,意为“交易,生意”。选项D正确。

(8)形容词辨析题。effective有效的;efficient有效率的;valuable有价值的;profitable有利可图的。根据原文可知,这里涉及到达成交易,所以对于部落来说应该是有利可图的,所以选项D符合语境。

(9)上下文推断。根据下文“butannouncedthat...”可知,说明首领同意达成这笔交易,但是有一个条件。所以选项A正确。

(10)上下文推断。根据下文的“shocked”可知,这里提出来的条件应该是不合理的。所以填空处应表示价格高,再根据后面的than可知,这里应填入比较级,所以选项B正确。

(11)上下文推断。根据下文“than...asmallorder”可知,相对于小订单来说,这里应该是大笔的订单,两者形成比较。所以选项B正确。

(12)副词辨析题。根据句意:如果仅仅只是下小订单的话,那么大笔订单中每件的价格要更高。选项C和D都有“仅仅”的意思,但simply强调简单,所以选项C更恰当。

(13)考查固定用法。“morethanalittle”为固定用法,意为“十分,非常”。选项D正确。

(14)考查固定搭配。“beshockedat”为固定搭配,意为“对…感到震惊”。选项C正确。

(15)考查逻辑连词。根据原文可知,美国公司的代表先是感到震惊,然后坚持认为价格应该更低。选项C更符合语境。

(16)上下文推断。上文提到,部落首领认为大订单的单价要高于小订单的单价,美国公司的代表感到震惊,显然是觉得这个价格不合理,他觉得大订单的单价要低于小订单的单价,所以这里应填入“lower”,选项A正确。

(17)副词辨析题。never从未,绝不;really真正地;certainly当然,必定;yet还,已经。根据句意:因为数量大,当然价格不能更高。所以选项C符合语境。

(18)副词辨析题。weakly虚弱地,无力地;happily快乐地;stubbornly固执地;hesitatingly踟躇地。根据首领的回答“No”可知,他固执的拒绝了,选项C符合语境。

(19)考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知,本句真正的主语是后面的不定式,所以填空处应填入it做形式主语。选项B正确。

(20)词组辨析题。similar和alike都表示相似的;same相同的;根据下文“overandover重复,一遍又一遍”可知,这里指重复做同样的事情,所以选项D正确。

5.单选题

What’stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China?India!Brazil?Howabouttrade?

WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,itsetoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,aresubtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.

Butthere’sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.

Therisingvolumeoftrade—moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates—isgoodnewsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,delivery,andlogisticshaveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowingvitalityinforeignmarkets—whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundtheworld,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceandmarket.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.

Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomywitheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmaynotdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM’sbalancesheetandhencemakestheJobsofU.S.-basedexecutivesmorestable.

OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That’stobeexpected,givenwhatwe’vebeenthrough.Butthere’sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapieceofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndiaorBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodothatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit’snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsandneighborshereathome.

Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.

1.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?

2.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?

3.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?

4.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?

5.Whatistheauthor’sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?

问题1选项

A.ItreflectsAmerican’spreferenceforimportedgoods.

B.ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.

C.ItistheresultofAmerican’sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.

D.Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.

问题2选项

A.ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased

B.ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.

C.Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.

D.Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.

问题3选项

A.Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.

B.Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.

C.Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.

D.Retailerdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.

问题4选项

A.Competitionfromoverseas.

B.People’sreluctancetospend

C.Slacktradeactivities

D.Decreasingproductivity

问题5选项

A.Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.

B.Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.

C.Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.

D.Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段最后一句,“Shouldsuchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.”,可知悲观主义者认为,如果这种失衡继续下去,可能会导致经济增长放缓。可判断出悲观主义者认为美国6月份的贸易逆差导致国民经济增长放缓。因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第三段第二句,“Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsandexportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession—areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityintheUnitedStates—butaneconomicexpansion.”,可知过去两年,进出口数据似乎没有显示出二次衰退的迹象,即美国经济活动水平的再次下降,而数据显示是经济扩张。可判断出对于两年的贸易数据,表明美国的经济活动有所增加。因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段,“Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintradesensitivebusinesses,especiallythosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice—agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.”,可知对那些从事贸易行业的人来说,贸易上涨也是一个好消息,尤其是那些生产大宗商品,这些商品的价格由全球的需求多决定,如农产品、矿业、金属和石油。可判断出,贸易上涨最受益的是农产品和原材料生产者。因此选项C符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第四段第一二句,“OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansarepayingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.”,可知美国经济面临的一个巨大挑战是国内消费需求疲软。美国人正在偿还债务,增加储蓄,从而更加谨慎地消费。可判断出美国经济面临的最大的挑战是人们不愿意消费。因此选项B符合题意。

5.观点态度题。根据文章最后一段,“Companiesandindividualswhodon’thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeignmarkers,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion’sshareofeconomicopportunityinourworld.”,可知作者提出那些没有增加、没有更多参与国外市场、没有在全球贸易中发挥作用的公司和个人,正在把自己推离于世界经济机会的最大份额之外。可判断出作者是建议公司和个人更多参与国外市场和国际贸易,以此来增加海外的市场份额。因此选项C符合题意。

6.单选题

Expertssaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto(

)healthy.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.stay

C.maintain

D.reserve

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。preserve“保护,保存”;stay“保持”,可作系动词后接形容词作表语;maintain“维持”;reserve“预订,储备”。句意:专家说散步是保持健康的最好方法之一。因此选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Thenewcomersfounditimpossibleto(

)themselvestotheclimatesufficientlytomakepermanenthomesinthenewcountry.

问题1选项

A.suit

B.adapt

C.regulate

D.coordinate

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定搭配adaptoneselfto“使自己适应于……”,suitto“合适于,相称”;没有搭配regulateto和coordinateto,可排除C和D选项。句意:新来的人发现他们不可能使自己充分适应新国家的气候,而永久定居。因此选项B符合题意。

8.翻译题

中国有关管理部门规定,现役运动员在备战北京奥运会期间,不得参加任何形式的社会活动。

“生活质量”这个词不好下定义。它包含很广的范围,例如生活环境、健康、就业、食品、家庭生活、教育、物质财富、休闲和娱乐,等等。

亚运会,是一个在来自亚洲各地的运动员中举办的多项目体育赛事,每4年一届。该运动会受亚洲奥林匹克理事会(OCA)根据国际奥委会(IOC)的监督。

父母、老师、工作同伴和大众媒体的传播者都能激发我们潜在的兴趣。例如,学校对于做游戏、参加体育活动和文化追求的鼓励的程度和方式很可能对学生休闲态度的形成产生影响。

一场球赛由两个各出五人的球队组成,篮球运动既可在室内也可在室外的长方形场地上进行。运动员可以通过运球在场地上移动,或者是边跑边传球,把球投进橘黄色的篮筐得分。

【答案】Chineseauthoritieshasbanneditsactiveathletesfromtakingpartinanyformofsocialactivitiesintherun-uptoBeijingOlympics.

Theterm“qualityoflife”ishardtodefine.Itcoversaverywiderangesuchaslivingenvironment,health,employment,food,familylife,education,materialwealth,leisureandentertainment,andsoon.

TheAsianGamesisamulti-sporteventwhichholdseveryfouryearsamongathletesfromalloverAsia.ThegamesaresupervisedbytheOlympicCouncilofAsia(OCA)undertheregulationoftheInternationalOlympicCommittee(IOC).

Parents,teachersinschools,fellowworkersandmassmediacommunicatorsareallcapableofstimulatingourpotentialinterests.Forexample,thedegreetowhichandthewaysinwhichaschoolencouragesparticipationingames,sportsandculturalpursuitsarelikelytohaveanimpactontheshapingofleisureattitudesonthepartofthestudents.

Abasketballgame,whichcanbeholdinanoblongfieldeitherindoororoutdoor,usuallyconsistsoftwoteamsof5playersineach.Whenrunninginthefield,playerscancarryorpasstheball.Whentheballisthrewintotheorangebasket,playerscangetpoints.

9.单选题

Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggested(

)atthenexttown.

问题1选项

A.tostop

B.stopping

C.stop

D.havingstopped

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。suggestdoingsth.为固定用法,表示“建议做某事”,B选项正确。

10.单选题

Notuntilshoutedatthetopofmyvoice()hishead.

问题1选项

A.thatheturned

B.didheturn

C.hedidn’tturn

D.hehadturned

【答案】B

【解析】考查倒装句的用法。Notuntil放在句首时使用部分倒装——主句倒装,从句不倒装。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

TheroleofthepartysysteminAmericanpoliticshasalwaysbeen(

).

问题1选项

A.aunityinsteadofdividing

B.unifyinginsteadofadivision

C.nottodividebuttounite

D.notdividingbutaunion

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。根据固定句型not…but…“不是……而是…..”,可排除A和B选项。且前后结构需要保持一致,句意:政党制度在美国政治中所起的作用一直是团结而不是分裂。因此选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

ArecurringcriticismoftheUK’suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeintonewproductsandservices.

Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersinsterncellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyasuniversitiesarekeysinthenationalinnovationsystem.

However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideastomarket.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.

Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.Theevidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyandtherestchasetheleaders.

ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandmirroredacrossothereconomic.IntheUK,researchisconcentrate;lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.ThesesameuniversitiesarealsotheinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenseincome.Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercializationworkcreatesdifferencesbetweenuniversities.

Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.Inreturnforthescaleofinvestmenttheyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.

PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercializationspillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvancedresearchtrainingandcommercializationwork.

Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.

1.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialization?

2.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities’performanceincommercialization?

3.WecaninferfromParagraph5that“policyinterventions”refersto(

).

4.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?

5.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK’seconomicgrowth?

问题1选项

A.Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.

B.Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.

C.Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.

D.Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.

问题2选项

A.Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.

B.ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.

C.Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.

D.Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.

问题3选项

A.governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities

B.compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries

C.fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions

D.concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities

问题4选项

A.Publicizetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.

B.Fullyutilizetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.

C.Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.

D.Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.

问题5选项

A.Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.

B.Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch

C.Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.

D.Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第三段,“…fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsofcommercializationactivity.”,可知英国从一个相对较弱的起点,现在在许多商业化活动的指标上处于领先地位。可判断出在作者看来英国大学的商业化在世界上仍然在世界上有一席之地,处于领先地位。因此选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第四段,“EvidencesuggeststheUK’spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstillshowingimprovement.Butnationaldate,askstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.”,可知有证据表明,英国大学的地位比过去要稳定得多,而且仍在改善。但全国数据并没有反映出各所大学存在的巨大差异。因此选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段第一句,“thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformtheperformanceofUKuniversities.”,可知过去10年的政策干预改变了英国大学,然后在下文提及了各个大学存在巨大的差异。第五段主要对这种分配不平均的现象进行了进一步阐述,这种现象不仅发生在英国,,也存在于其他国家。又根据文章第五段,“Theeffectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhavealsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledandcommerciallyactive.”,可知政策主导的长期资源集中化也造就了一批独特的大学,它们以研究为主导,并且商业化。可判断出policyinterventions就是指资源集中的政策。因此现象D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第六段,“Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximizetheimpactoftheirresearchefforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocialeconomicandenvironmentalbenefits.”,可知以研究为主导的大学的核心目标必须是最大限度地发挥其研究的影响。这些大学应该为社会、经济和环境各方面带来效益。可判断出这些研究型大学应该充分利用他们的研究成果造福于社会。因此选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段,“Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentinthescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKforthenextgrowthcycle.”,可知如果各区域内的技术转移部门更有效的协调,同时加大研究生规模和功能的投资,大学应该能在英国下一轮经济增长中发挥关键作用。可判断出作者认为英国的大学可以通过促进技术转移和投资研究生院教育在经济增长中发挥作用。因此选项C符合题意。

13.单选题

W:That’stheworstpaintingIhaveeverseen.

M:Comeon.It’snotthatbad.

Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?

问题1选项

A.Heisencouragingthewoman.

B.Heisrejectingthewoman'sidea.

C.Heismakingacomment.

D.Heiscomfortingthewoman.

【答案】C

【解析】女士说那幅画是她见过最糟糕的,但男士认为那幅画也没有那么糟糕,由此可知男士是在发表自己的看法。C选项正确。

14.单选题

Thesuggestionthatthemayor(

)theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.

问题1选项

A.wouldpresent

B.present

C.presents

D.oughttopresent

【答案】B

【解析】语法(虚拟语气)题。suggestion做主语的句子,是虚拟语气的用法,从句用should+动词原型,should可以省略。所以省略should的B选项正确。

15.单选题

Tovisitzoosthatsimulatethenaturalhabitatsofanimals(

)ofgreatinteresttozoologists.

问题1选项

A.are

B.be

C.were

D.is

【答案】D

【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,本句是不定式做主语,也就是参观动物园这件事为主语,所以谓语动词应该为单数,首先排除选项A和C;句子时态为一般现在时,所以选项D正确。

16.问答题

Iwasfinallyabletoconvincehimofitsvalue.(Ifinallysucceeded)

【答案】Ifinallysucceededinconvincinghimofitsvalue.

17.问答题

Themuseumisclosedthisafternoon.(Thereis)

【答案】Thereisnomuseumavailablethisafternoon.

18.单选题

M:Well,whatdidyouthinkofMr.Brokaw’sspeech?

W:IguessitwasOK,butIwasofteninthedarkinmorewaysthanone!

Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

问题1选项

A.Thespeechwasgivenintheevening.

B.Thewomandidn’tquiteunderstandthespeech.

C.Thewomanwassomewhatinadarkplace.

D.Thewomancouldn’thearthespeechclearly

【答案】B

【解析】对话中的“inthedark”的引申含义是女士没有听懂演讲,所以B选项正确。

19.单选题

ParliamentaryleadersfailedtounderstandtheAmericancolonist.TheythoughttheAmericanwouldbuythecheap,legalEastIndiaCompanytearatherthanthemoreexpensivesmuggledteafromHolland.

InSeptember,1773,theEastIndiaCompanyPlannedtoship500,000poundsofteatotheirAmericanagentsinportsalongtheAtlanticcoast.WhenthecolonistslearnedabouttheEastIndiaCompany’splan,localteamerchantsinAmericanportsfromSouthCarolinatoMainetookstepstomeetthisattempttodrivethemoutofbusiness.TheBoltonTeaPartywasthemostviolentofthesesteps.Followingthisactofrebellion,GovernorHutchinsoncalledit“theboldeststrokewhichhadbeenstruckinAmerica.”

Parliamentrespondedtothisactofdefiancein1774bypassingaseriesofactsknownastheCoerciveActs.TheyweredesignedtopunishBostonandtoshowcoloniststhroughoutAmericathatEnglandwouldnottoleratesuchresistancetoitsauthority.

1.Accordingtothepassage,parliamentaryleaders(

).

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat

).

3.WhatwastheCoerciveActs?

4.WhatdidtheAmericansdowhentheEastIndiaCompanyplannedtoshipthousandsofpoundsofteatoAmerica?

5.Theword“smuggled”mostlikelymeans(

).

问题1选项

A.importedteafromSouthCarolina

B.weregreatteadrinkers

C.misjudgedtheAmericancolonist

D.fearedthattheywouldhavetobuycheaptea

问题2选项

A.theAmericanswantedtobuyteafromHolland

B.teainHollandwascheaperthanthatinEngland

C.thecrowdwasgrowingmorepatient

D.theAmericansagreedtotheimpositionofthetax

问题3选项

A.TheyweredesignedtohelppaythecostofprotectingthecoloniesfromtheIndians.

B.TheyweretopermittheEastIndiaCompanytoshipteadirectlytoAmericanports

C.Theywere

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