2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号56

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-云南大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Thesalesdepartmenthastohavean（）knowledgeofwhatcustomerswantandhowmuchtheywanttopay.

问题1选项

A.implicit

B.intimate

C.abrupt

D.anonymous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“含蓄的、暗示的”；B选项intimate“亲密的”；C选项abrupt“突然的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”，句意为：销售部门必须非常了解顾客想要什么，他们想要付多少钱。anintimateknowledgeof“精通某事”，因此选项B符合题意。

2.单选题

AscientistnamedChardonnetif,bywatchingsilkworms,realizedthatliquidleavesmustbeforcedthroughmanytinyholes（

）formfine,silk-likethreads.

问题1选项

A.whento

B.thatthey

C.iftheyareto

D.astheyareto

【答案】D

【解析】语法（状语从句）题。分析题干可知，空格后的“formfine,silk-likethreads”在原句中为状语从句，所以排除B选项；A选项缺少主语，排除；C选项的if引导的如果是真实条件句，主句部分则需要用将来吋态，所以排除；D选项as可以引导的时间状语从句，正确，句意是‘一位名叫Chardonnetif的科学家通过观察桑蚕发现，富含汁液的树叶必须通很多微孔才能形成纤细的，如丝般的纹理。’

3.单选题

Whenthegovernoroftheprovincearrivedinthetownhallhewasimmediatelysurroundedbylocalofficialswhotriedeverywaytoingratiatethemselves（

）thegovernor.

问题1选项

A.with

B.of

C.into

D.under

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。ingratiateoneselfwithsb.“奉承某人，讨好某人”。当省长到达大厅时，他立刻被当地官员那些想讨好他的官员团团围住了。选项A符合题意。

4.翻译题

ReadthefollowingpassageandthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsintoChinese.

Specializationcanbeseenasaresponsetotheproblemofanincreasingaccumulationofscientificknowledge.Bysplittingupthesubjectmatterintosmallerunits,onemancouldcontinuetohandletheinformationanduseitasthebasisforfurtherresearch.Butspecializationwasonlyoneofaseriesofrelateddevelopmentsinscienceaffectingtheprocessofcommunication.

Anotherwasthegrowingprofessionalizationofscientificactivity.

Noclearcutdistinctioncanbedrawnbetweenprofessionalsandamateursscience:exceptionscanbefoundtoanyrule.(Nevertheless,theword'amateur’doescarryaconnotationthatthepersonconcernedisnotfullyintegratedintothescientificcommunity,andinparticular,maynotfullyshareitsvalues.

Theurowthofspecializationinthenineteenthcentury,withitsconsequentrequirementofalonger,morecomplextrainingimpliedgreaterproblemsforamateurparticipationinscience.Thetrendwasnaturallymostobviousinthoseareasofsciencebasedespeciallyonamathematicalorlaboratorytraining,andcanbeillustratedintermsofthedevelopmentofgeologyintheUnitedKingdom.

AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch,butalsoachangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper.Thus,inthenineteenthcentury,localgeologicalstudiesrepresentedworthwhileresearchintheirownright;but,inthetwentiethcentury,localstudieshaveincreasinglybecomeacceptabletoprofessionalsonlyiftheyincorporate,andreflecton,thewidergeologicalpicture.Amateurs,ontheotherhand,havecontinuedtopursuelocalstudiesintheoldway.Theoverallresulthasbeentomakeentrancetoprofessionalgeologicaljournalsharderforamateurs,aresultthathasbeenreinforcedbythewidespreadintroductionofrefereeing,firstbynationaljournalsinthenineteenthcenturyandthenbyseverallocalgeologicaljournalsinthetwentiethcentury.

Asalogicalconsequenceofthisdevelopment,separatejournalshavenowappearedaimedmainlytowardseitherprofessionaloramateurreadership.Arathersimilarprocessofdifferentiationhasledtoprofessionalgeologistscomingtogethernationallywithinoneortwospecificsocieties,whereastheamateurshavetendedeithertoremaininlocalsocietiesortocometogethernationallyinadifferentway.

AlthoughtheprocessofprofessionalizationandspecializationwasalreadywellunderwayinBritishgeologyduringthenineteenthcentury,itsfullconsequenceswerethusdelayeduntilthetwentiethcentury.Insciencegenerally,however,thenineteenthcenturymustbereckonedasthecrucialperiodforthischangeinthestructureofscience.

【答案】另一结果是科研活动的日益专业化。

然而，“业余”这个词的确包含这样一个内涵，即所提到的人无法完全融入科学界，尤其是，他们可能无法完全认同这个群体的价值观。

十九世纪，由于长期而复杂的专业训练，专业化的发展给从事科研的业余人员带来了更大的问题。

作为这一发展的合理结果，不同的期刊面向不同的读者，专业的或者业余的。

尽管职业化和专业化进程在19世纪的英国地质界进行得非常深入，但是它所产生的影响到20世纪才体现出来。

5.单选题

Thisleadsrecordcompaniestotreatmusiciansascontractedartistswhoarenotpaidafixedsumfortheirlabor-time,butinsteadreceiveroyaltiesin（

）totheirsuccess.

问题1选项

A.addition

B.relation

C.percentage

D.proportion

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这导致唱片公司把音乐家当成签约艺术家，他们无法获得固定的工资，但是当他们成功后可以获得一定比例的版税。inproportionto“与某事物成比例”，因此选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Naturally,inagroupofanimalsasdiverseasthesnakes,andwithsomanyvariedenemies,therearenumerousdefensivereactionsanddevices.Thereis,however,onegeneralpatternofbehavior,inthepresenceofasuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation;ifthisfails,thenextresortisflighttosomeinaccessibleretreat,butifthisisnotpossible,oriscircumvented,variouskindsofintimidatorygesturesandwarningdevicesarebroughtintoplay;inthelastresortthesnakeattacks.Thispatternvarieswiththecircumstances;somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce,thoughseldomorneverwithoutsomeprovocation.

Amongstthefactorsthatincreaseaggressivenessarehunger,thematingseasonandsurprise,withthelastmentionedthecommonest;whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak,butitiswhenitiscaughtunawaresthatthenormalchainofre-actionstendstobecometelescoped.Owingtotheirpoorsenseofhearing,snakesareveryliabletobe,quiteliterally,caughtnappingandasimilarsituationarisesduringtheirperiodsoftemporaryblindnessjustbeforesloughingbegins.Byfarthegreatestnumberofsnake-biteaccidentsresultfromtheunwittingdisturbanceofrestingsnakes,andthishazardismuchincreasedwithspeciesthatarewellcamouflagedandwhosenaturalinstinctistotrusttothisconcealmentastheirprincipaldefense.Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies;andthereportsofthosewhohavebeenattackedmayunderstandablybelackinginobjectivity.Soitisimpossibletoforecast,eveninoutline,howanyencounterwilldevelop.

TheHamadryad,forexample,isusuallycreditedwithbeingamongstthemostaggressiveofsnakes,andtherearemanyaccountsofunprovokedattacks,yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway.

1.Whenasnakemeetsapotentialenemy,itsprimarydeviceis（）.

2.By“dispensewithallthepreliminaries”(thelastsentence,Para.l.),theauthormostprobablymeansthat（）.

3.Asnakeismostaggressivewhen（）.

4.Itisdifficulttopredictwhatwouldhappenwhenasnakemeetsamanbecause（）.

5.Theauthorusestheexampleinthelastparagraphtosupporthisideathat（）.

问题1选项

A.avoidinganyobservation

B.findingasafeshelter

C.givingawarningthreat

D.startingaquick

问题2选项

A.thesnakescombineallthepreviousthreesteps.

B.thesnakesgiveupalltheprevioussteps.

C.thesnakesfollowallthepreviousstepsonebyone.

D.thesnakesreversetheorderofalltheprevioussteps.

问题3选项

A.itmeetsapossibleenemy

B.itiscaughtwhenitissleepingorsloughing

C.itisdisturbedunknowingly

D.itseeksapartnerinthematingseason

问题4选项

A.noonehaseverclearlyknownhowhehimselfwasbit

B.mantendstobesubjectivewhenhedescribeshisencounterwithasnake

C.theaggressivenessofthesnakesdiversifiesaccordingtodifferentsituations

D.asnakedoesnotbegintoattackwithoutprovocation

问题5选项

A.snakesdonotbegintheaggressiveactifitisnotdisturbed

B.somesnakesaremoreaggressiveandmorereadytoattack

C.itishardtoforecastwhetherandhowsnakeswouldattack

D.snakesoftenconcealthemselvesastheirprincipaldefense

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段，“inthepresenceofsuspectedenemythefirstreactionistotrytoescapeobservation”，在可疑的敌人面前，第一反应是设法逃过观察。由此可知蛇第一装置是逃避任何的观察，因此选项A正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到文章最后一段，“somestagesmaybeomittedorcombinedunpredictablywhilst;somenotoriouslyirasciblespeciesmaydispensewithallthepreliminariesandattackalmostatonce”，一些阶段可能被省略或合并不可预测，而一些臭名昭著的暴躁物种可能免除所有的准备，几乎一下子攻击。由此可知，蛇会放弃所有步骤直接攻击。因此选项B正确。

3.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“whenhuntingforfoodorformates,activityandtheaggressiveinstinctarebothattheirpeak.”当寻找食物或配偶时，活跃性和攻击性的本能都达到了顶峰，因此选项D符合题意。

4.推理判断题。定位到文章第二段，“Aswellasdifferencesinaggressivenessbetweenindividualsofthesamespeciesaccordingtothecircumstancesandconditions,therearealsonotabledifferencesbetweenspecies,evencloselyalliedspecies”除了同一物种的个体在攻击能力上因环境和条件的不同而存在差异外，物种之间，甚至亲缘关系密切的物种之间也存在显著差异。由此可知，蛇应对不同的情况会呈现出不同的应对反应，因此蛇遇见人而做出的反应是难以预测的。选项C正确。

5.推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段，“yetononeoccasionfourteenmenandsevendogspassedandreturnedwithintwoyardsfromanestandnosnakewasseenalthoughthefemale,whichguardsthenest,couldnothavebeenfaraway”，但有一次，14个人和7条狗在离一个巢穴两码的地方经过并返回，尽管雌蛇没有出现。守护鸟巢的鸟儿，不可能离得太远。由此可知蛇没有被打扰是不会进行应激行为的。因此选项A正确。

7.单选题

Thenewtechnologywillgreatly（）foodproductioninChinatofeedmorepeopleonsuchdenselypopulatedland.

问题1选项

A.boom

B.bound

C.boost

D.bounce

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。C选项boost“促进”正确；A选项boom“使兴旺”；B选项bound“界限”；D选项bounce“跳”。本句表示“这项新技术将大大提高中国的粮食产量，在人口如此密集的土地上养活更多的人”粮食产量需要提高和促进。因此C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

He（

）bethepersonwhokilledMarybecausehewaswithmelastnightthewholenightand（

）it.

问题1选项

A.can’t...couldnotdo

B.maynot....couldnotdo

C.mustnot...couldnothavedone

D.can’t...couldnothavedone

【答案】A

【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：他肯定不是杀害玛丽的人，因为他昨晚整晚跟我在一起，所以他不可能做这件事。第一空表示推测，后面提到了原因，所以这里的推测是非常肯定的猜测，用can’t，mustnot表示“禁止”的意思,不符合题意；第二空couldnothavedone表示“本不会做某事（实际上做了）”，不符合题意，因此此处要填入couldnotdo。选项A符合题意。

9.单选题

Intheworsttimesoflife,youhavetotakefulladvantageofthebeautifulthingsthat（）.

问题1选项

A.comealong

B.comeby

C.comeacross

D.cometo

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项comealong“出现、一道来”，主语可以是人也可以是物；B选项comeby“得到、短暂拜访”；C选项comeacross“偶然遇见”，主语是人；D选项cometo“来到、苏醒”，句意为：在人生最糟糕的时候，你要充分利用一起来到身边的美好事物。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

I（）havewrittentohimbecausehephonedmeshortlyafterwards.

问题1选项

A.needn’t

B.oughtn’tto

C.wouldn’t

D.shouldn’t

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。needn’thavedone“本来不必做”，隐含实际上已经做了，从下文“此后不久他就给我打了电话”可知用needn’thavewrittentohim。句意为：我本不必写信给他，因为他后来不久就给我打了电话。A选项正确。

11.单选题

Theyarrangeddailyroutinethatwould（）hersenseofsecuritythoughshewasjustatrainee.

问题1选项

A.bombard

B.bolster

C.breed

D.bruise

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bombard“轰击”；B选项bolster“支持、支撑”；C选项breed“培养”；D选项bruise“使擦伤”。本句表示“他们安排了每天的例行公事来培养她的安全感虽然只是个实习生”安全感需要培养。因此C选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Theimportanceof（）canneverbeneglectedwhenitcomestofulfillingone’smilitarymissions.

问题1选项

A.popularity

B.peculiarity

C.punctuality

D.potentiality

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项popularity“受欢迎的、名气”；B选项peculiarity“特质、特性”；C选项punctuality“准时、守时”；D选项potentiality“潜能、潜力”，句意为：在完成军事任务时，守时的重要性是不可忽视的。punctuality“准时、守时”符合题意，选项C正确。

13.单选题

Priorto1905,spaceandtimewerecomfortableabsolutes.Over250yearsofpracticalexperienceandexperimentationhadfirmlyestablishedthesupremacyofthephysicsofSirIsaacNewton.ThepictureoftheuniversepaintedbyNewtonwasoneofamazingclarityandpracticalvalue.Themotionsofprojectiles,Pendulums,steamengines,andevendistantplanetscouldbereadilyexplainedusingthebrilliant17thcenturyphysicist'stheories.However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.

WhilesearchingforasolutiontothefailureofthenowfamousMichelson-Morelyexperiment,AlbertEinstein(wholeftGermanywhen,theNazistookpower,andbecameanAmericancitizenin1940)discoveredhisSpecial,TheoryofRelativity.Afewyearslater,heexplainedhistheoryintoanall-encompassinggrandviewoftheuniverse.HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.TheGeneralTheoryofRelativitydescribesfourdimensionaluniverseinwhichthethreespatialdimensionsarecoupledwithafourth,time.Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.

Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.ShortlyafterpublicationoftheGeneralTheory,physicistsbegantoexplorethisstrangenewworld.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingphenomenadidEinsteindescribeinhisGeneralTheoryofRelativity,whichwasnotexplainedbyNewton'stheory?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthesimplicityoftheexampleofbowlingballandrubbersheettodescribeEinstein'stheorythat（

）.

4.Theword“analogy"inline21isclosestinmeaningto（

）.

5.Theauthorgivesasynonymforwhichofthefollowingwords?

问题1选项

A.AlbertEinstein'slifeandachievements

B.TheSpecialTheoryofRelativity

C.Landmarksinunderstandingtheuniverse

D.HowEinsteinchangedthewaywelookattheuniverse

问题2选项

A.Thenatureofgravity

B.AsolutiontotheMichelson-Morleyexperiment

C.Themotionsofdistantplanets

D.Howlightcouldtravelinavacuum

问题3选项

A.thiswashowEinsteinreachedhisconclusions

B.Einsteinusedthisexampletoexplainhistheorytostudents

C.anytheoryisjustawayoftryingtoexplainsomethingforwhich,thereisnocertainty:soasimpleexampleissufficient

D.thetheoryissocomplexthatamoredetailedexamplewouldnotallowmostpeopletoquicklyunderstandthegeneralidea

问题4选项

A.story

B.example

C.explanation

D.similarity

问题5选项

A.Phenomena(line6)

B.Warp(line16)

C.Gravity(line17)

D.Space(line21)

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提出一些现象可以用牛顿的理论进行解释，然而还是有一些现象没有得到满意的科学解释；第二段引出了爱因斯坦的相对论；第三段举例进行解释。因此B选项“狭义相对论”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的However,certainphenomena,includinghowlightwasabletotravelinavacuumandtheexactnatureofgravitycontinuedtoeludesatisfactoryscientificexplanation.（然而，某些现象，包括光如何能够在真空中传播以及重力的确切本质，仍然没有得到令人满意的科学解释）和第二段中的HisGeneralTheoryofRelativitywasthefirsttodescribethenatureofgravity.（他的广义相对论首先描述了重力的本质）可知牛顿的理论没有解释重力的本质，因此选A。

3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Gravityisshowntobearesultnotofsomeunforeseen,mysteriousforce,butasafunctionofthecurvatureofspaceitself.Allmatter,fromthetiniestsub-atomicparticle,tothemostmassiveofgalaxies,willinducethiscurvature.（重力被证明不是某种不可预见的神秘力量结果，而是作为空间本身曲度的结果。所有物质，从最小的亚原子粒子，到质量最大的星系，都会产生这种曲度）和第三段中的Thisideaisfrequentlyexplainedbydescribingspaceasarubbersheet,andabodysuchasthesunasabowlingball.If,theballisplacedontherubbersheet,thesheetwillbendundertheweightoftheball,formingagravitywell.（这个想法经常通过把空间描述成橡皮片来解释，像太阳这样的物体就好比一个保龄球。如果把球放在橡胶片上，胶片就会在球的重量下弯曲，从而形成一个重力）可知是用一个简单的来解释这个符合的理论，因此选D。

4.词义题。根据题干信息“analogy”定位至文章最后一段中，由Thus,theorbitsoftheplanetscanbeseentoresultfromthem"rolling"aroundthemouthofthesun'sgravitywell.Ofcourse,thisanalogyisbutashadowofthetruenatureofspace.Inreality,thisgravitywellisafourdimensionalstructure.（因此，行星的轨道可以被看成是由于它们绕着太阳重力井“滚动”而产生的。当然，这种……只是空间真正本质的影子。实际上，该重力井是四维结构）可知行星因重力而围绕太阳旋转，说明“analogy（类比，比喻）”具有相似性，因此选D。

5.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Anyobjectintheuniversewithmassisdescribedascausingawarp,orcurveintotheverystructureofspace-timeitself.（宇宙中任何有质量的物体都被描述为引起了扭曲，或弯曲到时空本身的结构中）可知warp的近义词为curve，因此选B。

14.单选题

Someoftheoldcustomshavecontinued（）politenessalthoughtheyarenolongerthoughtaboutnow.

问题1选项

A.inthewayof

B.intheeyesof

C.inthefaceof

D.intheformof

【答案】D

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项inthewayof“妨碍、在……方面”；B选项intheeyesof“在……心目中、从……来看”；C选项inthefaceof“面对、不顾”；D选项intheformof“以……的形式”，句意为：有些旧习俗以礼貌的形式继续存在着，尽管它们现在已经不再被人想到了。intheformof“以……的形式”符合题意，因此D选项正确。

15.单选题

Theaccidentoccurredwhenavan（

）onthesnow-coveredroadandbumpedintoacarthatwasnotabletosteerawayintimeowingalsotothesnow.

问题1选项

A.skidded

B.slid

C.glided

D.slipped

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：事故发生时，一辆面包车在积雪覆盖的路上打滑，撞上了一辆由于下雪无法及时躲开的小汽车。选项A“打滑”符合题意。

16.单选题

Thehumancriterionforperfectvisionis20/20forreadingthestandardlinesonaSnelleneyechartwithoutahitch.Thescoreisdeterminedbyhowwellyoureadlinesoflettersofdifferentsizesfrom20feetaway.Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.Thehawk,forinstance,hassuchsharpeyesthatitcanspotadimeeathesidewalkwhileperchedonthetopoftheEmpireStateBuilding.Itcanmakefinevisualdistinctionsbecauseitisblessedwithonemillionconespersquaremillimeterinitsretina.Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.Thisiscalledmonocularvision.Onceithitsthewater,theotherfoveajoinsin,allowingthekingfishertofocusbatheye,likebinoculars,onitpreyatthesametime.Afrogsvisionisdistinguishedbyitsabilitytoperceivethingsasaconstantmotionpicture.Knownas"bugdetectors",ahighlydevelopedsetofcellsinafrog'seyesrespondsmainlytomovingobjects.So,itissaidthatafrogsittinginafieldofdeadbugswouldn’tseethemasfoodandwouldstarve.

Thebeehasa“compound’’eye,whichisusedfornavigation.Ithas15,000facet,thatdividewhatitseenintoapatternofdots,ormosaic.Withthiskindofvision,thebeeseesthesunonlyasconstantlymeasurestheangleofitslineoffightinrelationtothesun.Abee's'eyealsogaugesflightspeed.Andifthatisnotenoughtoleaveour20/20“perfectvision,palingintoinsignificance,thebeeiscapableofseeingsomethingwecan't-ultravioletlight.Thus,whathumansconsidertobe"perfectvision"isinfactratherlimitedwhenwelookatotherspecies.However,thereisstillmuchtobesaidforthehumaneye.Ofallthemammals,onlyhumansandsomeprimatescanenjoythepleasureofcolorvision.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Accordingtothepassage,whymightbirdsandanimalsconsiderhumansveryvisuallyhandicapped?

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.Theword"that”inline10referto（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Eyevariationamongdifferentspecies

B.Limitsofthehumaneye

C.Perfectvision

D.Differenteyesfordifferentuses

问题2选项

A.Humanscan'tseeverywellineitherairorwater.

B.Humanseyesarenotaswellsuitedtoourneeds.

C.Themainoutstandingfeatureofhumaneyesiscolorvision.

D.Humaneyescan'tdowhattheireyescan.

问题3选项

A.Kingfishershavemonocularvision.

B.Hawkseyesconsistmostlyofconesthatcanallowittoscanwithoneeyeatatime.

C.Humansarefarsightedinwater.

D.Beesseepatternsofdots.

问题4选项

A.Foveae

B.Areasoftheeye

C.Cones

D.Visualdistinction

问题5选项

A.Eyeshavedevelopeddifferentlyineachspecies

B.Beeshavethemostcomplexeyes

C.Humansshouldnotenvywhattheydon'tneed

D.Perfectvisionisnotperfect.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.试题解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段提到人类的视力与其他物种相比，并不是完美的，紧接着列举了几种不同动物的眼睛及其视力特征；第二段主要介绍了动物“蜜蜂”的眼睛特征，简要提到了只有人类和一些灵长类动物才能享受彩色视觉的乐趣。因此本文主要是介绍不同的眼睛有不同的用途，选D。

2.推理判断题。由文章第一段中的Butbeingabletoreadthebottomlineontheeyechartdoesnotapproximateperfectionasfarasotherspeciesareconcerned.Mostbirdswouldconsiderusveryvisuallyhandicapped.（但是，对其他物种来说，能够读懂眼图上的底线并不能接近完美。大多数鸟类会认为我们视力很差）可知人类的视力比其他动物的视力要差，具有局限性，因此选D。

3.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的whilethekingfisher...Onefoveaepermitsthebird,whileintheairtoscanthewaterbelowwithoneeyeatatime.（然而翠鸟……其中一个凹窝允许飞翔在空中的翠鸟不吋用一只眼瞳扫视水面的情况）可知B选项不是鹰眼的特征，而是翠鸟眼睛的特征，题干中问的是“NOTtrue”，因此选B。

4.词义题。根据题干信息“"that”inline10”定位至文章第一段中，由Andinwater,humansarefar-sighted,whilethekingfisher,swoopingdowntospearfish,canseewellinbothairandwaterbecauseitisendowedwithtwofoveae-areasoftheeye,consistingmostlyofcones,thatprovidevisualdistinctions.（在水里，人类是远视的，而俯冲到水里捉鱼的翠鸟在水上和水下都能看清景物，因为它的眼睛里有两凹窝区域，这两个凹窝主要由具有视觉分辨能力的圆锥细胞组成）可知句中的“that”为关系代词，修饰前面的先行词“cones”，引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，因此选C。

5.推理判断题。本文主要介绍了人类眼睛的特点以及鹰、翠鸟、青蛙、蜜蜂这几种不同动物的眼睛特征与视力，因此A选项“每一物种的眼睛都有不同的发育”符合题意。

17.单选题

IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroom—awomen’sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid“She’sthetalkerinourfamily.”Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt.“It’strue,”heexplained.“WhenIcomehomefromworkIhavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn’tkeeptheconversationgoing,we’dspendthewholeeveninginsilence.”

ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.

ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbookDivorceTalkthatmostofthewomensheinterviewed—butonlyafewofthemen—gavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.

Inmyownresearch,complaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequities,suchas,havinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Instead,theyfocusedoncommunication:“Hedoesn’tlistentome”“Hedoesn’ttalktome.”Ifound,asHackerobservedyearsbefore,thatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobe,firstandforemost,conversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.

Inshort,theimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.

1.Whatismostwivesmainexpectationoftheirhusbands?

2.Judgingfromthecontext,thephrase“wreakinghavoc”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT（）.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?

5.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocuson（）.

问题1选项

A.Talkingtothem.

B.Trustingthem.

C.Supportingtheircareers.

D.Sharinghousework.

问题2选项

A.generatingmotivation

B.exertinginfluence

C.causingdamage

D.creatingpressure

问题3选项

A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomen.

B.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversation.

C.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouples.

D.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse.

问题4选项

A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.

B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.

C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.

D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.

问题5选项

A.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalk

B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoon

C.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.

D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHacker

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon’ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.”晚上快结束的时候，我评论说，女人经常抱怨她们的丈夫不跟她们说话。这个人立刻点头表示同意。由此可知大多数妻子都是希望丈夫和她们多多沟通的，因此选项A正确。

2.语义推测题。根据句意：这种模式正在对婚姻造成严重破坏。由此可知wreakinghavoc和causingdamage造成损害意义最为接近，因此选项C正确。

3.细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percent,thatamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyear—avirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.”。考虑到目前美国近50%的离婚率，每年在美国就会有数百万起这样的案例——这简直是一种谈话失败的流行病。美国有近50%的离婚率，但并不都是缺少交流引起的，因此选项B正确。

4.主旨大意题。整篇文章由一个真实场景引入到婚姻中的谈话沟通，谈论美国部分家庭的婚姻现状，主要探讨妻子和丈夫对于沟通部分不同看法以及做法，那丈夫在外健谈，在家很少说话的婚姻交谈模式以及妻子想要和丈夫谈话的迫切使得婚姻出现裂痕。选项D符合文意。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到能代表当前危机的形象是一个典型的卡通场景，可以推断出作者接下来可能对这个卡通的一些细节进行展开，因此选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Sinceteacherbehavioris（）forpublicdisplay,teachersmustbecautiousintheirpersonallives.

问题1选项

A.heldup

B.usedup

C.keptup

D.dressedup

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项holdup“举起”；B选项useup“用完”；C选项keepup“保持、处于”；D选项dressup“打扮、穿戴整齐”，句意：由于教师的行为是公开展示的，教师在个人生活中必须谨慎。holdup“举起”符合题意，因此选项A正确。

19.写作题

Directions:Chooseoneofthetwotopicstodevelopanessayofabout300words.

1.“Allyouneedinthislifeisignoranceandconfidence;thensuccessissure.”Howdoyouunderstandthisstatement?Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpointandthenexplainhowtocultivateconfidenceandachievesuccess.

2.Itisgenerallybelievedthatreadingiscrucialtothinkingindependently.Doyouagreeordisagree?Illustrateyourpointsofviewontherelationshipbe