2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号77

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Weheldameetingtosumupourexperience______wefinishthework.

问题1选项

A.incidentally

B.while

C.immediately

D.before

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。句意：一结束工作，我们就开了会总结经验。A选项incidentally“顺便”；B选项while“当……时候”；C选项immediately“立刻；一……就”；D选项before“在……之前”。根据语境，这里指工作一结束就开会，C选项immediately“一……就”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

Sometimes______toplacephysicsandchemistryintoseparatecategories.

问题1选项

A.thatisdifficult

B.isdifficult

C.itisdifficult

D.thatisdifficult

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定句型。句意：有时很难把物理和化学分成不同类别。Itisdifficulttodosth.意为“做某事很困难”，所以C选项itisdifficult符合题意。因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Inthefinalanalysis,itisour______ofdeathwhichdecidesouranswerstoallthequestionsthatlifeputstous.

问题1选项

A.conception

B.deception

C.reception

D.presentation

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conception“理解；怀孕”；B选项deception“欺骗”；C选项reception“接待”；D选项presentation“战士”。句意：说到底，是我们对死亡的______决定了我们对生命所提出的所有问题的答案。根据语境，这里指如何看待死亡决定我们如何看待生命中的问题，所以conception“理解”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

4.单选题

Womenhavesignificantadvantagesovermeninspacebecausetheyneedlessfoodandlessoxygenandthey_______radiationbetter.

问题1选项

A.standupto

B.standinfor

C.standupfor

D.standinwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项standupto“经得起；抵抗；勇敢地面对”；B选项standinfor“代替”；C选项standupfor“拥护；坚持”；D选项standinwith“与……联合；同……分担”。句意：女性在太空中比男性有显著优势，因为她们需要更少的食物和更少的氧气，而且她们更能_______辐射。根据语境，standupto“经得起；抵抗”搭配radiation“辐射”比较合理，意指女性更能承受辐射。因此A选项正确。

5.单选题

Hisviolentbehaviorsometimesis_______hispersonalityofshynessandself-consciousness.

问题1选项

A.onconditionof

B.inlinewith

C.atoddswith

D.indisguiseof

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onconditionof“只要”；B选项inlinewith“符合”；C选项atoddswith“与……不一致”；D选项indisguiseof“托辞，假扮成，打着……的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行为有时_______他的个性的害羞和自觉意识。根据语境，这里指他的暴力行为不会让人想到他会害羞，所以atoddswith“与……不一致”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

6.单选题

Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.Hemustobtaindatabothontheresourcesofconsumersandonthemotivesthattendtoencourageordiscouragemoneyspending.

Ifaneconomistwereaskedwhichofthreegroupsborrowmost—peoplewithrisingincomes,stableincomes,ordecliningincomes—hewouldprobablyanswer:thosewithdecliningincomes.Actually,intheyears1947-1950,theanswerwas:peoplewithrisingincomes.Peoplewithdecliningincomeswerenextandpeoplewithstableincomesborrowedtheleast.Thisshowsusthattraditionalassumptionsaboutearningandspendingarenotalwaysreliable.Anothertraditionalassumptionisthatifpeoplewhohavemoneyexpectpricestogoup,theywillhastentobuy.Iftheyexpectpricestogodown,theywillpostponebuying.Butresearchsurveyshaveshownthatthisisnotalwaystrue.Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.“Inafewmonths,”shesaid,“we’llhavetopaymoreformeatandmilk;we’llhavelesstospendonotherthings.”Herfamilyhadbeenplanningtobuyanewcarbuttheypostponedthispurchase.Furthermore,theriseinpricesthathasalreadytakenplacemayberesentedandbuyer’sresistancemaybeevoked.Thisisshownbythefollowingtypicalcomment:“Ijustdon’tpaytheseprices;theyaretoohigh.”

Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.Theconditionmostconductivetospendingappearstobepricestability.Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.Thus,itappearsthatthecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscountsisbasedonacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology.

31.Theexampleofthemechanic’swifeisintendedtoshowthatintimesofrisingprices________.

32.FindingsininvestigationsinBritainindicate________.

33.Accordingtothepassagepeopletendtobuymorewhen________.

34.Thebesttitleofthepassageis:________.

35.Thewordevokedinthepassageisclosestinmeaningto________.

问题1选项

A.peoplewithdecliningincometendtobuyless

B.peoplewithstableincometendtoborrowless

C.peoplewithincreasingincometendtobuymore

D.peoplewithmoneyalsotendtobuyless

问题2选项

A.certainfactorsshouldbetakenintoaccount

B.peopleinBritainbehaveinthesamewayasthoseinAmerica

C.pricestabilityresultsfromacorrectunderstandingofconsumerpsychology

D.occasionaldiscountsandsalesarenecessary

问题3选项

A.pricesareexpectedtogoup

B.pricesareexpectedtogodown

C.pricesdon’tchange

D.thebusinesspolicyremainsunchanged

问题4选项

A.Consumer’sPurchasingPower

B.RelationshipbetweenIncomeandPurchasingPower

C.TraditionalAssumptions

D.StudiesinConsumerBehavior

问题5选项

A.proscribed

B.revoked

C.conjuredup

D.exclaimed

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】31.事实细节题。根据第二段第八、九句Theexpectationsofpriceincreasesmaynotstimulatebuying.Onetypicalattitudewasexpressedbythewifeofamechanicinaninterviewasatimeofrisingprices.（价格上涨的预期可能不会刺激购买。一名机修工的妻子在一次采访中表达了一种典型的态度，当时物价正在上涨。），可知有钱的人在价格上涨的时候也会少买东西，所以D选项“有钱的人也倾向于少买东西”正确。A选项“收入下降的人往往买得更少”，B选项“有稳定收入的人倾向于少借钱”和C选项“收入增加的人倾向于买更多的东西”错误。因此D选项正确。

32.语义推测题。根据第三段一、二、三句Traditionalassumptionsshouldbeinvestigatedcarefully,andfactorsoftimeandplaceshouldbeconsidered.TheinvestigationsmentionedabovewerecarriedoutinAmerica.InvestigationsconductedatthesametimeinGreatBritain,however,yieldedresultsthatweremoreinagreementwithtraditionalassumptionsaboutsavingandspendingpatterns.（应认真研究传统假设，并考虑时间和地点因素。上述调查是在美国进行的。然而，与此同时在英国进行的调查得出的结果更符合有关储蓄和支出模式的传统假设），在英国的研究考虑了某些因素以后，结果更符合假设，所以A选项“应该考虑某些因素”正确，B选项“英国人的行为举止和美国人一样”在这里没有提到。C选项“价格稳定源于对消费者心理的正确理解”和D选项“有必要偶尔打折和销售”：和研究没有直接的关系，故错误。因此A选项正确。

33.语义推测题。根据第三段倒数第二句Ifpriceshavebeenstableandpeoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoconsiderthem“right”andexpectthemtoremainstable,theyarelikelytobuy.（如果价格一直保持稳定，而且人们已经习惯于认为价格是“正确的”，并期望价格保持稳定，他们可能会购买。），可知在价格稳定的时候，人们会买东西，所以C选项“价格不变”正确，A选项“价格预计会上涨”和B选项“价格预计会下降”错误。D选项“商业措施不变”：根据文章最后一句thecommonbusinesspolicyofmaintainingstablepriceswithoccasionalsalesordiscounts（通过偶尔的销售或折扣来保持价格稳定的商业政策），这里说通过商业措施的变动来稳定价格，不是不变，故错误。因此C选项正确。

34.主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句Ascientistwhodoesresearchineconomicpsychologyandwhowantstopredictthewayinwhichconsumerswillspendtheirmoneymuststudyconsumerbehavior.（一个研究经济心理学并想预测消费者花钱方式的科学家必须研究消费者行为。），随后通过研究得出消费者心理影响消费者消费方式，所以D选项“消费者行为研究”正确。A选项“消费者的购买力”，B选项“收入和购买力的关系”和C选项“传统假设”都是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文，故错误。因此D选项正确。

35.词义辨析题。Evoked意思是唤起（感情、记忆或形象），所以C选项“使在脑海中浮现，使联想起”正确。A选项“谴责；宣布禁止”，B选项“撤销”和D选项“呼喊”意思不符，故错误。因此C选项正确。

7.单选题

Thereisaconspicuouslackofpublicdebateabouthowthisinsularcountryshould_______therealitythatmoreimmigrantsarecomingandthatthosealreadyherearechangingJapan.

问题1选项

A.abideby

B.accountfor

C.acton

D.adjustto

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项abideby“遵守”；B选项accountfor“解释；对……负责”；C选项acton“对……起作用；按照……行事”；D选项adjustto“调整以适应”。句意：对于这个与世隔绝的国家来说，应该如何_______移民越来越多涌入并且正在改变日本这一现实，明显缺乏公开讨论。根据语境，accountfor“解释；对……负责”搭配reality“现实”比较合理，意思是解释为什么越来越多移民进入日本并且改变日本的现实。因此B选项正确。

8.翻译题

SectionB:ChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

41.最近，国际货币基金组织的负责人申明，面对各国政府保护主义上升势头，各国领导人之间的全球合作和互相理解，对提升目前的经济复苏是必须的。

42.由于许多国家的经济负增长，目前全球的经济复苏仍然受限，而科技也抑制了许多人获取成功的愿望，导致收入不均等差距扩大，结果加剧了许多地区的政治紧张，增加了对全球化利益的怀疑。

43.经济复苏会使各国的结构性改革更容易。各国目前所面临的挑战实际上是跨国境的，需要各国政府共同努力来解决这些问题；而促进各国合作能最好地帮助成员国建立一个更包容、更有弹性的全球经济。

44.很多问题都具有全球性特征，需要相互合作，包括反腐败、保护金融制度改革取得的进展、应对全球气候变化，以及改善全球贸易体系。各国政府也需要调整以应对技术进步所带来的对市场，尤其是对金融市场的影响。

【答案】41.Recently,theheadoftheInternationalMonetaryFundaffirmedthatglobalcooperationandunderstandingamongworldleadersisnecessarytoboostthecurrenteconomicrecoveryinthefaceofrisinggovernmentprotectionism.

42.Duetothenegativeeconomicgrowthinmanycountries,thecurrentglobaleconomicrecoveryremainsconstrained,whiletechnologyhasalsosuppressedmanypeople’sdesiretosucceed,leadingtowideningincomeinequality,whichinturnhasexacerbatedpoliticaltensionsinmanyregionsandincreasedsuspicionoftheglobalizationbenefits.

43.Economicrecoverywillmakestructuralreformseasierforcountries.Infact,thecurrentchallengesfacedbyallcountriesarecross-borderandneedthejointeffortsofallgovernmentstosolve.Promotingcooperationamongcountriesisthebestwaytohelpmemberstatesbuildamoreinclusiveandresilientglobaleconomy.

44.Manyissuesareglobalandrequirecooperation,includinganti-corruption,protectingprogressinfinancialsystemreforms,addressingglobalclimatechange,andimprovingtheglobaltradingsystem.Governmentsalsoneedtoadjusttotheimpactoftechnologicalprogress,whichwillalsoaffectthemarket,especiallyfinancialmarkets.

9.单选题

Thegovernormightconceivablyfindagenuineresolutiontothebudgetarydilemma,butshemaybetemptedtoengageinadeception:a_______exerciseinfiscalprudence.

问题1选项

A.rigorous

B.blatant

C.specious

D.convincing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigorous“严密的；严格的”；B选项blatant“公然的；炫耀的”；C选项specious“似是而非的；华而不实的”；D选项convincing“有说服力的”。句意：可以想象，这位州长可能会找到一个真正的解决预算困境的办法，但她可能会被诱导去搞一场骗局：一个_______的财政审慎行动。根据语境，specious“似是而非的；华而不实的”搭配deception“骗局”比较合理。因此C选项正确。

10.单选题

Manyinnovativebreakthroughscomeaboutwhenpeopleventurebeyondtheirownareasofexpertise,becauseoftenittakesanoutsidertoaskthenaivequestionthatmayyield_______solution.

问题1选项

A.aconstructive

B.anunconventional

C.anagreeable

D.apractical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项constructive“有建设性的”；B选项unconventional“非传统的；不依惯例的”；C选项agreeable“愉悦的；欣然同意的；可以接受的”；D选项practical“实际的；实用的”。句意：当人们在自己的专业领域之外冒险时，许多创新的突破会出现，因为通常需要一个局外人来问一个天真的问题，而这问题可能产生_______解决方案。根据语境，这里指新人会问听起来很外行的问题，但就是这种问题引出解决方案，新人问的问题通常unconventional“非传统的；不依惯例的”。因此B选项正确。

11.翻译题

SectionBChinesetoEnglish(20points)

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationonyourANSWERSHEET.

（40）土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展，它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资源复杂地交织在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中（nexus）不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀，世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。

（41）土壤和土地的恶化（degradation）不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题，而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响，因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。

（42）为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）极端贫困，我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题，也是管理（governance）问题。

【答案】40.Soilsandlandresourcesunderpinglobalsustainabledevelopment,andtheyarekeyelementsinourfightagainstpoverty,foodinsecurityandclimatechange.Intertwinedwithothernaturalresourcescomplicatedly,soilisanintegralpartofthewater,energy,andfoodsecuritynexus.Duetotheerosionofwindanddustaswellaswater,theworldlosesabout24billiontonsoffertilesoileveryyear.

41.Soilandlanddegradationnotonlyinvolvesphysicalorbiochemicalproblems,butalsooftenrelatedtosocialandeconomicaspects.Poorandmarginalizedpopulationsareusuallythemostvulnerabletosoilandlanddegradation,astheyareusuallytheoneswhoownthedeterioratedland.

42.Inorderforpoorsmall-scalefarmingcommunitiestomeetfoodsafetyrequirementsandtoeradicateextremepoverty,weneedtoaddressasetofcomplexissuesassociatedwithlanddegradation.Soilandlanddegradationisasmuchamatterofgovernanceasoftechnology.

12.单选题

Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt.Inthe21thcentury,ourdystopiasimagineaworldwherebooksareforgotten.Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovelSuperSadTrueLoveStorydescribesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.Thebookonthebook,itsuggests,isclosing.

Thebook—thephysicalpaperbook—isbeingcircledbyashoalofsharks,withsalesdown9percentthisyearalone.It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.

InhisgorgeouslittlebookTheLostArtofReading—WhyBooksMatterinaDistractedTime,thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling.Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating—butthen,afewyearsago,he“becomeaware,inanapartmentfullofbooks,thatIcouldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread”.Hewouldsitdowntodoitatnight,ashealwayshad,andreadafewparagraphs,thenfindhismindwaswandering,imploringhimtocheckhisemail,orTwitter,orFacebook.“WhatI’mstrugglingwith,”hewrites,“istheencroachmentofthebuzz,thesensethatthere’ssomethingouttherethatmeritsmyattention.”

Ithinkmostofushavethissensetoday,ifwearehonest.Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother.Toread,youneedtoslowdown.Youneedmentalsilenceexceptforthewords.That’sgettinghardertofind.

No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb,andtheywillhavetowrenchmyTwitterfeedfrommycolddeadhands.Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.

Intheageoftheinternet,physicalpaperbooksareatechnologyweneedmore,notless.Inthe1950s,thenovelistHermanHessewrote:“Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.Wehavenotyetquitereachedthepointwhereyoungcompetitors,suchasradio,cinema,etc,havetakenoverthefunctionsfromthebookitcan’taffordtolose.”

31.BymentioningtheworkofGarySteynghart,theauthorintendsto________.

32.Themostsignificantreasonforthefallingsalesofpaperbooksisthat________.

33.Accordingtoparagraph3,wecaninferthat________.

34.Theexplanationoftheword“wired”probablyindicatesthat________.

35.Whichofthefollowingwilltheauthormostprobablyagreeon?

问题1选项

A.advocatetheideathatreadingphysicalpaperbooksisoutoffashion

B.introduceabrandnewelectronicproductevenmoreomnivorousthaniPhone

C.provethatbookswillbeoutweighedbyrealityshowsandporninthefuture

D.indicatethatbooksareleftoutinfictionsdescribingthefutureworld

问题2选项

A.electronicbooksaretakingovermoreandmoremarketshareofpaperbooks

B.people’mindsdon’thavethespaceforreadingduetoallkindsoftemptation

C.bookstoresareoutofbusinessaspeopleprefertoborrowingbooksfromthelibrary

D.peoplethinkthingsontheInternetaremoreworthyoftheirattention

问题3选项

A.peopleareinclinedtotakereadingforgranted

B.people’mindsareencroachedbytheInternet

C.it’shardtoconcentrateonreadingnowadays

D.DavidUlin’sbookgivesreadersastrangefeeling

问题4选项

A.peoplealwaysmisunderstandthefunctionsofinternet

B.Internetispartlyresponsibleforthevanishingofpaperbooks

C.peoplecalltheinternet“wiredworld”forareason

D.Internetwilltakeoverthefunctionsofpaperbooks

问题5选项

A.Truereaderscanmaintainreadinginallkindsofenvironment,includingnoisyone.

B.TheInternetshouldbestrictlycondemnedforendangeringphysicalpaperbooks.

C.Physicalpaperbooksarefacingextremedangerofbeingreplacedbyotherthings.

D.Readingbooksisn’tinaccordancewiththeincreasingneedforentertainment.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.推理判断题。根据第一段Inthe20thcentury,allthenightmare-novelsofthefutureimaginedthatbookswouldbeburnt…Topluckjustone,GarySteynghart’snovel…describesaworldwhereeverybodyisobsessedwiththeirelectronicapparatus—anevenmoreomnivorousiPhonewithaflickeringstreamofshoppingandrealityshowsandporn—andhavesomehowcometobelievethatthefewremainingunreadpaperbooksletoffaranksmell.（在20世纪，所有关于未来的可怕小说都想象书会被烧毁……只举一个例子，GarySteynghart的小说……描述了一个世界，在这里每个人都沉迷于电子设备——一个更无所不包的苹果手机，里面有闪烁的购物车、真人秀和色情——不知怎么的，人们开始认为剩下的几本没读过的纸书散发一股臭味。）可知在第一段中作者主要想表达在描述未来的书中不会有书的位置，所以D选项“表明在描述未来世界的小说中没有书”正确，没有说到真人秀等事物和书籍的关系，故C选项“证明书籍在未来将被真人秀和色情所取代”错误。A选项“提倡阅读纸质书已经过时的观点”和B选项“推出一款比iPhone更杂项的全新电子产品”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此D选项正确。

32.事实细节题。根据第二段第四句Andmostimportantly,thementalspaceitoccupiedisbeingerodedbythethousandWeaponsofMassDestructionthatsurroundusall.（最重要的是，它所占据的精神空间正在被我们周围数以千计的大规模毁灭性武器所侵蚀。），可知纸质书销量下降主要是因为读者的思想被其他的东西占据，所以B选项“由于各种各样的诱惑，人们的思维没有空间来阅读”正确。A选项“电子图书正在占领越来越多的市场份额的纸质书”：根据第二段第二句It’sbeingchewedbythee-book.（它正在被电子书啃噬。），可知文中有提到，但这不是主要原因，故错误。C选项“书店因为人们更喜欢从图书馆借书而歇业”：根据第二段第三句It’sbeinggoredbythedeathofthebookshopandthelibrary.（它受到书店和图书馆落寞的冲击。），可知书店和图书馆没有直接联系，也不是主要原因，故错误。D选项“人们认为互联网上的东西更值得他们关注”：文章没有提及，故错误。因此B选项正确。

33.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句It’shardtoadmit,butweallsenseit:itisbecomingalmostphysicallyhardertoreadbooks.（这很难承认，但我们都能感觉到：阅读书籍正变得越来越困难。），接着在第三段第一句thecriticDavidUlinadmitstoastrangefeeling（评论家DavidUlin承认他有一种奇怪的感觉），这种感觉就是couldnolongerfindwithinmyselfthequietnecessarytoread（再也无法在自己内心找到阅读所必需的安静），综合来看，C选项“现在很难集中精力读书”正确。A选项“人们倾向于视阅读理所当然”：根据第三段第二句Allhislife,hehadtakenreadingasforgrantedaseating（在他的一生中，他把阅读当作理所当然的饮食），这是David的想法，而不是人们普遍的想法，故错误。B选项“人们的思想被互联网侵占”：这在之前就提到，也不是这一段表达的重点，故错误。D选项“DavidUlin的书给读者一种奇怪的感觉”不符合文章内容，因此C选项正确。

34.语义推测题。根据第五段第三、四句Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.Butthere’sareasonwhythatword—“wired”—meansboth“connectedtotheinternet”and“high,frantic,unabletoconcentrate”.（喜爱网络不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣进行痛斥。但这就是“wired”这个词既表示“连接互联网”，又表示“兴奋、疯狂、无法集中注意力”的原因。），这里的无法集中注意力指的是不能静下来读书，所以这里表达的是互联网让人不像以前那样读书多了，B选项“互联网对纸质书的消失负有部分责任”正确，人们不会因为其他原因而怒斥互联网本身，所以A选项“人们总是误解互联网的功能”错误。C选项“人们称互联网为‘连线世界’是有原因的”：不是这里要表达的重点，并且这是对原文的重述，不属于推断，故错误。D选项“互联网将取代纸质书的功能”：文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

35.观点态度题。根据文章提到的越来越多的诱惑让人不能集中注意力来看书，人们的思维空间被其他的东西占满而腾不出空间看书，可知C选项“纸质书正面临被其他东西取代的极端危险”符合文章意思，所以正确。A选项“真正的阅读者可以在各种环境中保持阅读，包括嘈杂的环境”：根据第四段Ifyoureadabookwithyourlaptopthrummingontheothersideoftheroom,itcanbeliketryingtoreadinthemiddleofaparty,whereeverybodyisshoutingtoeachother…That’sgettinghardertofind.（如果你在房间的另一边用笔记本电脑砰砰地读一本书，这就像你在一个派对上看书，每个人都在互相大喊大叫……这越来越难找了）文章说到因为诱惑太多越来越难集中注意力读书，没有说到真正的阅读者是怎样的，故错误。B选项“互联网应该被严厉谴责危害纸质书”：根据第五段No,don’tmisunderstandme.Iadoretheweb…Thisisn’tgoingtoturnintoanantediluvianrantagainstthegloriesofourwiredworld.（不，别误会我。我热爱网络……这不会变成不合时宜地对网络世界的繁荣的痛斥。），可知作者不认为要谴责互联网，故错误。D选项“阅读书籍不符合日益增长的娱乐需求”：根据第六段第二句Themoretheneedforentertainmentandmainstreameducationcanbemetbynewinventions,themorethebookwillrecoveritsdignityandauthority.（新发明越能满足娱乐和主流教育的需求，书就越能恢复其地位和权威。），可知娱乐得到满足对书籍发展有利，与文章意思不符，故错误。因此C选项正确。

13.翻译题

41.人类社会中的战争大体源于两方面的缺乏。第一是资源的缺乏：争夺对国家安全和经济发展至关重要的稀缺战略资源往往是一国发动战争的重要动因。第二是信任的缺乏：这种缺乏常常导致国家在宗教、文化、意识形态等方面的持续对抗，并由此引发军事冲突。

42.一方面，投资的滞后牵制了经济的增长，而另一方面，持续的消费热在一定程度上缓解了经济的衰退。

43.大学里学到的知识还相当粗浅，研究生阶段才开始研究学问，但在这个时期也只能算是初涉学术，更加注重的应是领悟研究的方法。

【答案】41.Warsinhumansocietyariselargelyfromtwodeficiencies.Thefirstisthelackofresources:thescrambleforscarcestrategicresources,whicharevitaltonationalsecurityandeconomicdevelopment,isoftenanimportantmotivationforacountrytolaunchawar.Thesecondisalackoftrust:thislackhasoftenledtoongoingrivalriesbetweencountriesoverreligion,culture,ideology,etc.,whichleadstomilitaryconflicts.

42.Ontheonehand,thelagofinvestmenthasheldbackeconomicgrowth,whileontheother,thesustainedconsumptionboomhasalleviatedtheeconomicrecessiontoacertainextent.

43.Whatyouareimpartedduringuniversityissomethingquitesuperficial,andtheresearchinstitutesofuniversitiesarejusttheplaceswhereknowledgeisprimarilystudied.Buteventhereyougetonlythefirsttasteoflearningwhereemphasisisonresearchmethodologyandpractice.

14.单选题

WhatdoyouthinkofTom’sproposalthat______putontheplayattonight’sceremony?

问题1选项

A.wewillnot

B.wenot

C.wehadn’t

D.wewouldn’t

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：汤姆提议我们不在今晚的典礼上演出，你觉得怎么样?“一个坚持（insist）、两个命令（order,command）、三个建议（advise,suggest,propose）、四个要求（demand,require,request,ask）”这类虚拟语气由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略，所以B选项wenot符合题意。因此B选项正确。

15.单选题

Thewealthofacountryshouldbemeasured______thehealthandhappinessofitspeopleaswellasthematerialgoodsitcanproduce.

问题1选项

A.inlinewith

B.intermsof

C.inregardto

D.incaseof

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项inlinewith“符合；与……一致”；B选项intermsof“依据”；C选项inregardto“关于”；D选项incaseof“万一；假使”。句意：一个国家的财富应该______其人民的健康和幸福以及它所能生产的物质产品来衡量。根据语境，这里指国家的财富应该用人民和物质来衡量，所以B选项intermsof“依据”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

16.单选题

Thoughsometimestoolazytoworkashardashersisters,Lindahasamoreavidfondnessforthelimelight.

问题1选项

A.mercurial

B.gallant

C.ardent

D.frugal

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mercurial“多变的；活泼的；机智的”；B选项gallant“英勇的”；C选项ardent“热烈的”；D选项frugal“节俭的”。句意：虽然琳达有时太懒，不像她的姐妹们那样努力工作，但她对引人注目更热烈地喜欢。根据语境，C选项ardent“热烈的”搭配fondness“喜好”比较合理，和avid“热衷的”同义，符合题意。因此C选项正确。

17.单选题

Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.

Theauthorsofthe34-sectionacthavemadeaseriousefforttopreventmisuseofthedataandtoprotectgenedonors’rightsandprivacy.Participationintheprojectisstrictlyvoluntary,onthebasisofinformedconsent.Itwillbeillegaltoaskanyoneifheorsheisparticipatinginthefreeprogram.Peoplewon’tbepaidforprovidingatissuesample,medical,andfamilyhistorytotheEstonianGeneBank.Thatinformationisimmediatelygiven“auniquecodeconsistingofatleast16randomcharacters”.GeneticandmedicaldatabecomeandremainthepropertyoftheEstonianGeneBank—exceptthatindividualdonorshavetheright,“atanytime,”torequest“destructionofthedatawhichenablesdecoding.”

Theycanalsohavetheirsamplematerialsdestroyediftheiridentityhasbeenunlawfullydisclosed.

Donorsareentitledtotheirowngeneticdata,atnocharge,asaretheirdesignatedphysicians.Nooneelsehaslawfulaccesstothisinformation.Indeed,itisunlawfultoask—andtheactcontainsspecificparagraphsthatforbidemployersandinsurancecompaniestogathersuchinformation,ortotreat“peoplewithdifferentgeneticrisks”differentlyasemployeesorinsuranceclients.Geneticinformationmaybereleasedtoresearchers“onlyincodedform,asasetofdataandontheconditionthattissuesamplesordataconcerningatleastfivegenedonorsareissuedatatime.”

SupportersoftheprojectexpectthattheEstonianGeneBankwillbecomeafavoritesourceofinformationforresearchersassociatedwithbiotechnologyandpharmaceuticalcompaniesthatareexpectedtopayhandsomelyforaccesstothedecoded(andanonymous)information.SomefirmsareexpectedtosetupshopinEstonia,presumablyinorneartheUniversityCityofTartuwheremostEstoniangeneticistsliveandwork.Theprojectisexpectedto“putEstoniaonthemap”andleadtoaneconomicbonanzaforanewlyindependentcountrywithfewnaturalresources.

Noteverybodysharesthatview.Regardlessofthefavorablepollresults,anumberofobjectionshavebeenpublishedinEstonian-languagenewspapers.Theserangefromthesimplistic“Ifit’ssuchagreatidea,howcometheFrenchandGermansaren’tdoingitalready?”toargumentsthatthestart-upmoneycouldbespentonbetterthings.Somecommentatorsarealsoconcernedaboutprivacy.Informationinthedatabankcouldbeusedforblackmailandisthereadatabankintheworldthatistrulysecurefromhackers?Andwhataboutleaks?Allegationsofcorruptionareafactofpubliclifeinpost-Sovietindependentstates.Estonia’sscandalshavebeenlessluridthanthoseofotherstates,buttherehavebeenenoughtoengenderconsiderablecynicism,notjustaboutleakeddata,butalsoaboutpayoffswherelucrativecontractsareinvolved.

16.Thesaying“Thedevilisinthedetails”isusedtoimplythat________.

17.UnderEstonianlaw,donorsmayrequesttohavetheirtissuesamplesdestroyed________.

18.Thephrase“putEstoniaonthemap”(para.5)mostlikelymeans________.

19.Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat,inregardtothenewgeneticdatabank________.

20.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsEstonia’snewlawsgoverningthegeneticdatabankseemstobe________.

问题1选项

A.Estonia’snewgeneticdatabankhasimmoralimplications

B.whiletheoverallideaisgood,thedetailsofthegeneticbank’sworkingsareflawed

C.despitetheirefforts,thenewlawsmaynotpreventmisuseofgeneticdata

D.itisinherentlywrongtocollectgeneticdata

问题2选项

A.atanytime

B.iftheirsecretcodehasbeendecoded

C.iftheiridentityhasbeenrevealedillegally

D.withtheirphysician’sapproval

问题3选项

A.gaininternationalfamefortheEstoniangovernment

B.confirmEstonia’spost-Sovietindependence

C.gainrespectforgeneticsresearchconductedinEstonia

D.bringglobalrecognitiontothislittle-knowncountry

问题4选项

A.publicpollingwasmostlikelycorrupt

B.mostEstoniansapproveofit

C.onlylesseducatedcitizensareobjectingtothenewlaws

D.Estoniansaresharplydividedontheissue

问题5选项

A.ambivalence

B.caution

C.approval

D.skepticism

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:B

【解析】16.推理判断题。根据第一段Thedevil,astheoldsayinggoes,isinthedetails.Or,inthecaseofthenewEstonianlawsettingupanationalgeneticdatabank,thereisreasonforconcernthatthedevilmaygetinvolvedintheactualworkingsofthatcountry’sHumanGeneResearchAct.（正如一句老话所说，细节决定成败。或者，在爱沙尼亚建立国家基因数据库的新法律中，人们有理由担心魔鬼可能会参与该国《人类基因研究法》的实际运作。），第一句话的重点是细节，按照两句话的先后顺序，推理出作者想要表达基因数据库存在细节上的缺陷，B选项“虽然总体想法是好的，但基因数据库的工作细节是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“爱沙尼亚新的基因数据库有不道德的成分”，C选项“