2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号57

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Indulginginseekingleisureandmaterialcomfort.

B.Attachingtoomuchimportancetoindependence.

C.Failingtocareforparentsinthetraditionalway.

D.Leavingtheirparentsonthevergeofstarvation.

问题2选项

A.Theyhavegreatdifficultylivingbythemselves.

B.Theyhavelittlehopeofgettinganyfamilycare.

C.Theyhavefondmemoriesoftheirgoodolddays.

D.Theyhaveasenseofindependenceandautonomy.

问题3选项

A.Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldpreferredsmall-sizefamilies.

B.Therehavebeenextendedfamiliesinmostpartsoftheworld.

C.Manyelderlypeoplewereunwillingtotakecareoftheirgrandchildren.

D.SomanyyoungAmericansrefusedtolivetogetherwiththeirparents.25.

问题4选项

A.Leavetheiryoungergenerationsalone.

B.Avoidbeingaburdentotheirchildren.

C.Stayhealthybyengaginginjoyfulactivities.

D.Viewthingsfromtheirchildren’sperspective.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

Iwouldlikeparticularlytotalkabouttheneedtodevelopanewstyleofaginginourownsociety.[22]Youngpeopleinthiscountryhavebeenaccusedofnotcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry.Andthisistrue.[23]ButitisalsotruethatoldpeoplehavebeeninfluencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy.So,welivealone,perhapsonthevergeofstarvationintimewithoutfriends.Butweareindependent.ThisstandardAmericanstylehasbeenforcedoneveryethnicgroup,althoughtherearemanygroupsforwhomtheidealisnotpractical.Itisapooridealandpursuingitdoesagreatdealofharm.Thisidealofindependencealsocontainsatremendousamountofunselfishness.

Intalkingtotoday’syoungmothers,Ihaveaskedthemwhatkindofgrandmotherstheythinktheyaregoingtobe.Iheardevotedlovingmotherssaythatwhentheyarethroughraisingtheirchildren,theyhavenointentionofbecominggrandmothers.[24]They’reastonishedtohearthatinmostoftheworld,throughoutmostofitshistory,familieshavebeenthree-orfour-generationfamilies,livingunderthesameroof.Wehaveoveremphasizedthesmallfamilyunit—father,mother,smallchildren.Wethinkitiswonderfulifgrandmaandgrandpa,ifthey’restillalive,canlivealone.Wehavereachedthepointwherewethinktheonlythingwecandoforourchildrenistostayoutoftheirway.Andtheonlythingwecandoforourdaughter-in-lawistoseeaslittleofheraspossible.Oldpeople’snursinghomes,eventhebestone,arefilledwitholderpeoplewhobelievetheonlythingtheycandofortheirchildrenistolookcheerfulwhentheycometovisit.[25]Sointheend,olderpeoplehavetodevotealltheirenergiestonotbeingaburden.

Wearebeginningtoseewhatatremendouspricewe’vepaidforouremphasisonindependenceandautonomy.We’veisolatedoldpeopleandwe’vecutoffthechildrenfromtheirgrandparents.Oneofthereasonswehaveasbadagenerationgaptodayaswedoisthatgrandparentshavesteppedout.Youngpeoplearebeingdeprivedofthethingtheyneedmost—perspective—toknowwhytheirparentsbehavesopeculiarlyandwhytheirgrandparentssaythethingstheydo.

22.WhathaveyoungAmericansbeenaccusedof?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问美国的年轻人被指责什么？录音开头提到，美国的年轻人被指责没有像过去一样照顾他们的父母（notcaringfortheirparentsthewaytheywouldhaveintheoldcountry），C选项“没有按照以往的传统来照顾父母”是录音原文的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“沉溺于追求休闲和物质上的舒适”在录音中并未提及；B选项“过分注重独立”，利用录音中的independence设置干扰，录音中说的是美国的老年人深受独立自主的理想的影响，并没有提及年轻人过分注重独立，因此可排除；D选项“让他们的父母食不果腹”，利用录音中的onthevergeofstarvation设置干扰，录音说的是老年人因深受独立思想的影响，选择自己独自生活，以致可能挨饿，生病时身边没有朋友。父母食不果腹并不是年轻人造成的，因此D选项不正确。

23.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutoldpeopleintheUnitedStates?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问的是说话人对美国的老年人的看法。录音中提到，美国的老年人确实深受独立自主的理想的影响（influencedbyanAmericanidealofindependenceandautonomy），D选项“他们有独立和自主的意识”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“他们独自生活有很大的困难”，录音中只是提及他们（老年人）可能会挨饿，生病时身边没有朋友，但并没有说这是很大的困难，因此可排除；B选项“他们几乎没有希望得到任何家人的照顾”和C选项“他们对过去的日子有着美好的回忆”在录音中没有信息提及，因此不选。

24.Whatisastonishingtotheyoungmothersinterviewedbythespeaker?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问说话人采访的年轻妈妈们对什么感到惊讶？录音中提到，她们惊讶的是，世界上大多数地方的人们，在历史上多数时期里都是三、四代人生活在同一个屋檐下，B选项“世界上大多数地方都有大家庭”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“世界上许多地方的人都更喜欢小家庭”很明显与录音原文表述相反，所以不正确；C选项“许多老人不愿意照顾他们的子孙”和D选项“美国太多的年轻人拒绝和他们的父母生活在一起”在录音中没有信息提及，所以排除。

25.Whatdoesthespeakersayolderpeopletrytheirbesttodo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问老年人尽力做什么？录音中提到，老年人相信他们能为孩子做的唯一的事情就是当孩子来看望他们时，尽量表现得快乐，把所有的精力都用来避免成为一个负担（notbeingaburden），因此B选项“避免成为子女的负担”符合录音原文表述，因此正确。A选项“不打扰他们的年轻一代”；C选项“参与快乐的活动以维持身体健康”和D项“站在孩子们的角度看待事情”在录音中均没有提及，因此排除。

2.单选题

Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyhavetolearnhowtoavoidbodycontact.

B.Theyneedtokeepmovingtoavoidgettinghurt.

C.Theybelieveinteamspiritforgoodperformance.

D.Theyarelikelytogetinjuredwhenmovingtoofast.

问题2选项

A.Theykeepthemselvesbusyevenafterretirement.

B.Theydonotstartenjoyinglifeuntilfullretirement.

C.Theytendtolivealongerlifewithearlyretirement.

D.Theydonothavemanyyearstoliveafterretirement.

问题3选项

A.Itslowsdownouragingprocess.

B.Itpreventsusfromworrying.

C.Itenablesustoaccomplishmoreinlife.

D.Itprovidesuswithmorechancestolearn.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

【解析】PassageOne

Relatedtothe“useitorloseit”lawisthe“keepmoving”principle.Welearnaboutstagnationfromnature.Ariverthatstopsmovinggetssmelly.Thesamethinghappenstopeoplewhostopmoving,eithermentallyorphysically.[9]Thosewhoplaycontactsportsknowthattheplayerwhousuallygetshurtthemostistheonewhoisstandingstill.Ofcourse,you’llneedsometimetocatchyourbreatheverysooften,buttheessentialmassageiskeepmoving,extendingandlearning.Shipslastalotlongerwhentheygotoseathanwhentheystayintheharbor.Thesameistrueforairplanes.Youdon’tpreserveanairplanebykeepingitontheground.Youpreserveitbykeepingitinservice.Wealsogettolivealonghealthylifebystayinginservice.[10]Longevitystatisticsrevealthattheaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement.Themorewe’llhearisdon’tretire.Ifafellowsays“I’m94yearsoldandIworkedallmylife”,weneedtorealize,thatishowhegottobe94,bystayinginvolved.GeorgeBernardShawwonaNobelPrizewhenhewasnearly70.BenjaminFranklinproducedsomeofhisbestwritingsattheageof84,andPabloPicassoputbrushtocanvasrightthroughhiseighties.Isn’ttheissuehowoldwethinkweare?[11]Abonuswiththe“keepmoving”principleisthatwhilewekeepmoving,wedon’thaveachancetoworry.Hence,weavoidthedreadedparalysisbyanalysis.

9.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutplayersofcontactsports?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问关于接触式运动的运动员，说话者说了什么？录音开头提到，从事接触式运动的人都知道，受伤最严重的往往是那些站着不动的人。B选项“他们需要保持移动以免受伤”是此处的同义表述，因此B选项正确。录音中提及接触式运动是不可能避免身体接触的，因此A选项“他们必须学会如何避免身体接触”不正确；C选项“他们相信有团队精神才能取得好成绩”在录音中没有提及；录音中强调的是站着不动的人往往受伤最严重，因此D选项“移动速度过快时可能受伤”不正确。

10.Whatdolongevitystatisticsrevealabouttheaverageperson?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问寿命统计数据揭示了普通人的什么？录音提到，寿命统计数据显示，一般人退休后活不了多久（theaveragepersondoesn’tlastverylongafterretirement）。因此D选项“他们退休后没有多少年的生活时间”正确。本题的干扰项是A选项，录音中有提到几位名人在很大的年纪也一直忙个不停，但并没有说这是一般人退休后的状态，因此A选项不正确；B选项“他们直到完全退休后才开始享受生活”和C选项“提前退休他们往往寿命更长”在录音中均没有提及，因此可排除。

11.Whatbonusdoesthe“keepmoving”principlebringusaccordingtothespeaker?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问“不断前进”的原则能给我们带来什么好处？录音最后部分提到：“不断前进”原则的一个好处是，当我们不断前进时，我们没有机会担忧（wedon’thaveachancetoworry），B选项是此处的同义表述，因此正确。A选项“它减缓了我们的衰老过程”和C选项“它使我们能够在生活中取得更多成就”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“它为我们提供了更多的学习机会”主要是achance造成了干扰，录音中说的是achancetoworry，并不是chancestolearn，因此不正确。

3.单选题

Sciencesuggeststhatthegreaterpartofanoptimisticoutlookcanbe（

）withtherightinstruction.

问题1选项

A.acquired

B.imposed

C.traced

D.fabricated

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词辨析。acquired获得；imposed强加；traced追踪；fabricated伪造。句意：科学表明乐观的前景大都可以通过正确的教导获得。选项A符合句意。

4.单选题

Humansare______,which

enablesthemtomakedecisionsevenwhentheycan’t

justify

why.

问题1选项

A.rational

B.reasonable

C.hesitant

D.intuitive

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。rational“合理的；理智的”；reasonable“公道的，通情达理的”；hesitant“迟疑的，犹豫不定的”；intuitive“直觉的，凭直觉获知的”。句意：人类是有直觉的，这让他们在找不到合适的理由时也能做决定。因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.

B.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.

C.IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.

D.IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.

问题2选项

A.Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.

B.Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.

C.Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.

D.Thecity’sairportareoutdated.

问题3选项

A.Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.

B.Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.

C.Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.

D.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.

问题4选项

A.Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.

B.Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.

C.Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.

D.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutGermany’sdreamairportinBerlin.TheairportlooksexactlylikeeveryothermajormodernairportinEurope,exceptforonebigproblem:morethansevenyearsafteritwasoriginallysupposedtoopen,itstillstandsempty.Germanyisknownforitsefficiencyandrefinedengineering,butwhenitcomestoitsnewghostairportthisreputationcouldnotbefurtherfromthetruth.Plaguedbylongdelays,perpetualmismanagementandever-soaringcosts,[22]theairporthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans—andasourceoffrustrationforlocalpoliticians,businessleadersandresidentsalike.

Planningforthenewairportbeganin1989.Atthetime,itbecameclearthat[23]thenewly-reunifiedBerlinwouldneedamodernairportwithfargreatercapacitythanitsexistingairports.Thecitybrokegroundonthenewairportin2006.Thefirstmajorsignofproblemscameinsummer2010,whentheconstructioncorporationpushedtheopeningfromOctober2011toJune2012.In2012,thecityplannedanopeningceremonybutlessthanamonthbeforehand,inspectorsfoundsignificantproblemswiththefiresafetysystemandpushedtheopeningbackagainto2013.

Itwasn’tjustthesmokesystem:[24]manyothermajorproblemssubsequentlyemerged.Morethan90metresofcablewereincorrectlyinstalled;4,000doorswerewronglynumbered;escalatorsweretooshort,andtherewasashortageofcheck-indesks.

Sowhy,withsomanyproblemsdiscovered,didn’ttheairportcorporationdecidetogiveupontheprojectandstartover?Thereasonissimple:peopleareoftenhesitanttoterminateaprojectwhenthey’vealreadyinvestedtimeorresourcesintoit,evenifitmightmakelogicalsensetodoso.

Thelongerthedelayscontinued,themoreproblemsinspectorsfound.Leadershipoftheplanningcorporationhaschangedhandsnearlyasmanytimesastheopeningdatehasbeenpushedback.Initially,ratherthanappointingageneralcontractortoruntheproject,thecorporationdecidedtomanageitthemselvesdespitelackofexperiencewithanundertakingofthatscale.

Tocompoundthedelays,[25]theunusedairportisresultinginmassivecosts.Everymonthitremainsunopenedcostsbetween9and10millioneuros.

Assumingallgoeswell,theairportshouldopeninOctober2020.Butthestill-emptyairportstandsasthebiggestembarrassmenttoGermany’sreputationforefficiency—andacontinuingdrainoncityandstateresources.

22.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthedreamairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何评价柏林的梦想机场？说话者提到该机场成了德国人的笑话，因此D选项“这在德国人中成了一个笑话”与录音原文表述一致。A选项“它现在是欧洲最大最繁忙的机场”录音中并没有信息提及，并且这个机场尚未竣工，所以A选项可排除；B选项“它是德国历史上管理最差的机场”利用录音中perpetualmismanagement设干扰，录音只是提到机场长期管理不善，但无法知道是不是德国历史上最差的，因此排除B选项；C选项“它已经成为德国效率的典型象征”，录音提到德国因为效率而闻名，但现在这个机场错漏百出，竣工日期一拖再拖，因此C选项明显错误。

23.WhywasthereaneedforanewairportinBerlin?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问为何柏林需要一个新机场？录音提到，重新统一后的柏林需要一个比现有机场容量大得多的现代机场，说明现有机场的容量对重新统一后的柏林来说是不够的，无法匹配新时期的需求，也就是说“这个城市的机场已经过时”，因此D选项正确。A选项“这个城市想吸引更多游客”和B选项“这个城市想要发展经济”在录音中均未提及；C选项“这个城市刚刚重新统一”是对录音中newly-reunified的断章取义，“重新统一”只是当时的时代背景，表明进入了一个新的时期，但并非计划兴建新机场的原因。

24.WhydidBerlinpostponetheopeningofitsdreamairportagainandagain?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问为什么柏林一再推迟其梦想机场的开放？录音提到，发现问题第一次推迟之后，又发现消防安全系统存在重大问题，接着再推迟，随后又出现了许多其他的主要问题，拖延的时间越长，检查发现的问题就越多。因此A选项“各种各样的问题不断涌现”正确。B选项“资金短缺延误了工程建设”和C选项“建筑公司违反了合同”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“市政府不断更换”利用录音中的changedhands设干扰，更换的是规划公司的领导层，并不是市政府，因此D选项不正确。

25.Whathappenswhiletheairportremainsunused?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问机场闲置时会发生什么？录音提到，闲置的机场造成了巨大的成本，因此B选项“巨大的维护成本会积累起来”正确。A选项“当地居民的抱怨增加”，录音中只是提到居民对于机场的态度是frustration“沮丧”，并没有提到居民的抱怨在增加，因此排除A选项。C选项“所有设备都生锈”和D选项“柏林的旅游业受到影响”在录音中均没有信息提及。

6.单选题

Ringingchurchbellssetsup________intheAlpinevalleys.

问题1选项

A.resonance

B.forests

C.churchbuilding

D.priests

【答案】A

【解析】resonance共鸣,反响;priests牧师,神父。句意：教堂的钟声在阿尔卑斯山谷中回荡。选项A正确。

7.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.

B.IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.

C.Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.

D.Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.

问题2选项

A.Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.

B.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.

C.Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.

D.Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.

问题3选项

A.Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.

B.Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.

C.Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.

D.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.

问题4选项

A.Learntoplaythem.

B.Listentothemyourself.

C.Takemusiclessons.

D.Consultjazzmusicians.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationOne

M:Excuseme.Where’syourrockmusicsection?

W:Rockmusic?I’msorry,we’rea,jazzstore.Wedon’thaveanyrockandroll.

M:Oh,youonlyhavejazzmusic?Nothingelse?

W:That’sright.[1]We’retheonlyrecordstoreinLondondedicatedexclusivelytojazz.Actually,we’remorethanjustarecordstore.Wehaveacafeandlibraryupstairsandaticketofficedownthehall,whereyoucanbuyticketstoallthemajorjazzconcertsinthecity.Also,wehaveourownstudionextdoor,whereweproducealbumsforup-and-comingartists.We’recommittedtofosteringnewmusictalent.

M:Wow!That’ssocool![2]Iguessthere’snotmuchofajazzsceneanymore.Notliketheyusedtobe,buthereyou’retryingtopromotethisgreatmusicgenre.

W:Yes,indeed,nowadaysmostpeopleliketolistentopopandrockmusic.HiphopmusicfromAmericaisalsogettingmoreandmorepopular.Soasaresult,there’refewerlistenersofjazz,whichisagreatshame,becauseit’sanincrediblyrichgenre.Butthat’snottosaythereisn’tanygoodnewjazzmusicbeingmadeoutthereanymore.Farfromit.It’sjustamuchsmallermarkettoday.

M:Sohowwouldyoudefinejazz?

W:Well,interestinglyenough,[3]there’snoagreed-upondefinitionofjazz.Indeed,therearemanydifferentstylesofjazz.Somehavesinging,butmostdon’t.Someareelectricandsomearen’t.Somecontainliveexperimentation,butnotalways.Whilethere’snosimpledefinitionforit,andwhilethere’remanydifferentstylesofjazz,yousimplyknowitwhenyouhearit.[4]Honestly,theonlywaytoknowwhatjazzis,islistentoityourself.Asagreattrumpetplayer,LouisArmstrongsaid,ifyougottaask,you’llneverknow.

1.Whatdowelearnaboutthewoman’sstore?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于女士商店的信息。对话开头，女士提到他们是伦敦唯一专门经营爵士乐的唱片店，因此D选项“它只专注于爵士乐”正确。A选项“展出新音乐人才的专辑”最具有干扰性，主要是利用录音中的newmusictalent设干扰，女士只是说他们致力于培养新的音乐人才，在录音室为他们制作专辑，并没有提到她的店展出新音乐人才的专辑，因此A选项错误；B选项“它在伦敦有几家分店”以及C选项“它赞助大型爵士音乐会”在录音中均没有信息提及。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutjazzmusic?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，男士说了什么？男士说现在已经没有多少爵士乐的音乐圈子了，意在表达爵士乐不那么流行了。因此A选项“它的市场现在已经萎缩”符合男士的说法。B选项“它起源于牛仔”在录音中没有提及；C选项“它仍然像嘻哈音乐一样广泛传播”，录音说现在大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，美国的嘻哈音乐也越来越受欢迎，爵士乐的听众越来越少，因此C选项不正确；D选项“它的听众大多是年轻人”，录音中只是提及年轻人喜欢听流行音乐和摇滚音乐，并没有说爵士乐的听众也是年轻人，因此D选项不正确。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutjazz?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于爵士乐，女士说了什么？女士在回答什么是爵士乐时提到，人们对爵士乐并没有一致的定义，也就是说“爵士乐的定义是多样的，复杂的”，D选项是录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“它的风格基本上没有变化”，录音提到爵士乐有很多不同的风格，但并未提及风格没有变化，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它仍在进行实验”，利用录音中的experimentation设干扰，录音只是说爵士乐的风格中有些包含现场实验音乐，并不是说音乐在进行实验，因此B选项错误；C选项“它经常伴有歌声”与录音中说的“有些有演唱，但大多数没有”不符，因此错误。

4.Whatshouldyoudotoappreciatedifferentstylesofjazzaccordingtothewoman?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为应该怎么做才能欣赏不同风格的爵士乐？录音最后，女士提到，要知道爵士乐是什么，唯一的方法就是自己去听，因此B选项“自己听”正确。A选项“学会演奏”；C选项“上音乐课”以及D选项“咨询爵士音乐家”均未在录音中提及，因此不正确。

8.单选题

Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itislikelytogiveuppapermoneyinthenearfuture.

B.Itisthefirstcountrytousecreditcardsintheworld.

C.Itistryinghardtodoawaywithdirtymoney.

D.Itishelpingitsbankstoimproveefficiency.

问题2选项

A.Whetheritispossibletotravelwithoutcarryinganyphysicalcurrency.

B.Whetheritispossibletopredicthowmuchmoneyoneisgoingtospend.

C.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencyisgoingtoaffecteverydaylife.

D.Whethertheabsenceofphysicalcurrencycausesapersontospendmore.

问题3选项

A.Thecashinherhandbagwasmissing.

B.Theserviceonthetrainwasnotgood.

C.Therestaurantcaracceptedcashonly.

D.Therewasnofoodserviceonthetrain.

问题4选项

A.Bydrawingmoneyweekbyweek.

B.Byputtingmoneyintoenvelopes.

C.Bylimitingtheirday-to-dayspending.

D.Byrefusingtobuyanythingoncredit.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

【解析】RecordingTwo

SwedenwasthefirstEuropeancountrytoprintandusepapermoney,[19]butitmaysoondoawaywithphysicalcurrencies.

Bankscansavealotofmoneyandavoidregulatoryheadachesbymovingtoacash-freesystem,andtheycanalsoavoidbankrobberies,theft,anddirtymoney.

ClaerBarrett,theeditorofFinancialTimesMoney,saystheWesternworldisheadedtowardaworldwithoutphysicalcurrency.

AndyHolder—thechiefeconomistatTheBankofEngland—suggestedthattheUKmovetowardsagovernment-backeddigitalcurrency.Butdoesacashlesssocietyreallymakegoodeconomicsense?

“Thefactthatcashisbeingdrawnoutofsociety,islessafeatureofoureverydaylives,andtheeaseofelectronicpayments—isthisactuallymakingusspendmoremoneywithoutrealizingit?”

[20]Barrettwantedtofindoutiftheabsenceofphysicalcurrencydoesindeedcauseapersontospendmore,soshedecidedtoconductanexperimentafewmonthsago.

Shedecidedthatshewasgoingtotrytojustusecashfortwoweekstomakeallofheressentialpurchasesandseewhatthatwoulddotoherspending.Shefoundshedidspendalotlessmoneybecauseitisincrediblyhardtopredicthowmuchcashoneisgoingtoneed—shewasforeverdrawingmoneyoutofcashpoints.Monthslater,shewasstillfindingcashstuffedinhertrouserpocketsandthepocketsofherhandbags.

[21]Duringtheexperiment,Barretttookatrainride.Ontheway,therewasanannouncementthattherestaurantcarwasnotcurrentlyacceptingcreditcards.Thetraincarswerefilledwithgroansbecausemanyofthepassengersweretravelingwithoutcash.

“Itunderlinesjusthowmuchthingshavechangedinthelastgeneration,”Barrettsays.“[22]Myparents,whentheywereyounger,usedtobudgetbyputtingmoneyintoenvelopes—they’dgetpaidandthey’dimmediatelyseparatethecashintopilesandputtheminenvelopes,sotheyknewwhattheyhadtospendweekbyweek.Itwasaveryeffectivewayforthemtokeeptrackoftheirspending.Nowadays,we’realloncreditcards,we’redoingonlinepurchases,andmoneyiskindofbecomingalessphysicalandmoreimaginarytypeofthingthatwecan’tgetourhandsaround.”

19.WhatdowelearnaboutSweden?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于瑞典我们能够了解到什么？录音开头便提及，瑞典是第一个印刷并使用纸币的欧洲国家，但是它将很快摒弃实体货币。A选项中giveuppapermoney是对原文中doawaywithphysicalcurrencies的同义替换，因此A选项“它在不久的将来可能放弃使用纸币”正确。B选项“它是世界上第一个使用信用卡的国家”；C选项“它正在努力清除非法钱财”和D选项“它正在帮助银行提高效率”均是利用录音个别字词设置干扰，录音中并没有相关信息涉及，因此不正确。

20.WhatdidClaerBarrettwanttofindoutwithherexperiment?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问ClaerBarrett想从她的实验中发现什么?录音中提及ClaerBarrett为了弄清楚是否不使用实体货币就会导致钱花得更多，她决定做一个实验。D选项“是否不使用实体货币就会导致钱花得更多”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“不带任何实体货币旅行是否有可能”和C选项“不使用实体货币是否会影响日常生活”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除；B选项“一个人的花费是否能够预测”，录音中虽然提及，要预测一个人需要多少现金是非常困难的，但这并不是ClaerBarrett实验的目的，因此可排除。

21.WhatdidClaerBarrettfindonhertrainride?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问ClaerBarrett在火车上发现了什么?录音中提及，在ClaerBarrett进行实验的期间，有一次，她在搭乘火车旅行的途中遇到了列车广播通知乘客餐车不接受信用卡支付的事件。由此可知，餐车只接受现金支付。因此C选项正确。A选项“她手提包里的现金不见了”；B选项“火车上的服务不好”和D选项“火车上没有餐饮服务”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

22.Howdidpeopleofthelastgenerationbudgettheirspending?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问上一代的人是如何预算他们的开支的？录音结尾提到ClaerBarrett回想起自己父母（即上一代人）年轻时，常常通过将现金放进信封的方式来进行预算开支。B选项是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。A选项“通过每星期取款”；C选项“通过限制他们的日常开支”和D选项“通过拒绝赊购任何东西”在录音中均未提及，因此排除。

9.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Populationexplosion.

B.Extinctionofrarespecies.

C.Chronichunger.

D.Environmentaldeterioration.

问题2选项

A.Abouthalfofthemareunintended.

B.Theycontributetooverpopulation.

C.Theyhavebeenbroughtundercontrol.

D.Themajorityofthemtendtoendhalfway.

问题3选项

A.Itisbeginningtoattractpostgraduates’attention.

B.Itisneglectedinmanyofthedevelopingcountries.

C.Itisbecomingasubjectofinterdisciplinaryresearch.

D.Itisessentialtothewellbeingofallspeciesonearth.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingThree

Whyshouldyouconsidertakingacourseindemographyincollege?You’llbegrowingupinagenerationwherethebabyboomersaregoingintoretirementanddying.Youwillfaceproblemsintheagingofthepopulationthathaveneverbeenfacedbefore.Youwillhearmoreandmoreaboutmigrationbetweencountriesandbetweenruralareasandcities.Youneedtounderstandasacitizenandasataxpayerandasavoterwhat’sreallybehindthearguments.

Iwanttotellyouaboutthepast,presentandfutureofthehumanpopulation.Solet’sstartwithafewproblems.[23]Rightnow,abillionpeoplearechronicallyhungry.Thatmeanstheywakeuphungry,theyarehungryallday,andtheygotosleephungry.Abillionpeoplearelivinginslums,notthesamebillionpeople,butthereissomeoverlap.Livinginslumsmeanstheydon’thaveinfrastructuretotakethegarbageaway,theydon’thavesecurewatersuppliestodrink.

Nearlyabillionpeopleareilliterate.Trytoimagineyourlifebeingilliterate.Youcan’treadthelabelsonthebottlesinthesupermarket,ifyoucangettoasupermarket.Two-thirdsofthosepeoplewhoareilliteratearewomenandabout200to215millionwomendon’thaveaccesstobirthcontroltheywant,sothattheycancontroltheirownfertility.Thisisnotonlyaproblemindevelopingcountries.[24]Abouthalfofallpregnanciesgloballyareunintended.Sothoseareexamplesofpopulationproblems.

Demographygivesyouthetoolstounderstandandtoaddresstheseproblems.It’snotonlythestudyofhumanpopulation,butthepopulationsofnon-humanspecies,includingviruseslikeinfluenza,thebacteriainyourgut,plantsthatyoueat,animalsthatyouenjoyorthatprovideyouwithmeat.Demographyalsoincludesthestudyofnon-livingobjectslikelightbulbsandtaxicabs,andbuildingsbecausethesearealsopopulations.Itstudiesthesepopulations,inthepast,presentandfuture,usingquantitativedataandmathematicalmodelsastoolsofanalysis.

Iseedemographyasacentralsubjectrelatedtoeconomics.Itisthemeanstointervenemorewiselyandmoreeffectivelyintherealworld,[25]toimprovethewellbeing,notonlyofyourself—importantasthatmaybe—butofpeoplearoundyouandofotherspecieswithwhomwesharetheplanet.

23.Whatisoneoftheproblemsthespeakermentionsinhistalk?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者在他的讲话中提到的问题之一是什么？录音中段提到，说话人首先要向听众介绍几个人口问题，这些问题分别是：长期饥饿、贫困、文盲、妇女节育和意外怀孕的问题。四个选项中，只有C选项“长期饥饿”正确。A选项“人口爆炸”；B选项“稀有物种的灭绝”和D选项“环境恶化”录音中均没有信息涉及，因此可排除。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpregnancies?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于怀孕，说话者说了什么？录音中提及，全球意外怀孕的比率将近一半。A选项“其中大约有一半是无意中怀孕的”是录音原文原词的复现，因此正确。B选项“造成了人口过剩”；C选项“生育已得到了控制”和D选项“大部分在孕期中都容易流产”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

25.Howdoesthespeakerviewthestudyofpopulations?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者如何看待人口研究？讲话人在最后表明，他认为人口统计学是经济学的一个中心议题；是在现实世界中更明智、更有效的干预手段；能改善人类的福祉，这不仅关乎我们自身，也关乎我们周围的人，以及与我们共享这个星球的其他物种。D选项“这对地球上所有物种的福祉至关重要”与原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“它开始吸引研究生的注意”；B选项“许多发展中国家都忽视了它”和C选项“它正在成为跨学科研究的主题”，录音中均没有信息提及，因此可排除。

10.单选题

Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean（）—itcausedpanic.

问题1选项

A.excuse

B.indulgence

C.exaggeration

D.understatement

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。excuse“借口”；indulgence“放纵”；exaggeration“夸张”；understatement“不充分的陈述”。句意：“他的请辞让人震惊”这个说法算是轻描淡写，实际上引起了恐慌。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

The（）fromtheairportwasreallytiringbecauseitwassituatedfarfromthecity.

问题1选项

A.flight

B.travel

C.crossing

D.journey

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：flight意为“飞行，航班”；选项B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；选项C：crossing意为“横越，横渡”；选项D：journey“（侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程旅行）行程，路程”。由题意可知，本题的正确选项为D选项。句意：从机场回来的路真的很累人，因为它离城市很远。

12.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Shecalledontheman.

B.Shewenttothebank.

C.Shemadeabusinessplan.

D.Shepaidhermortgage.

问题2选项

A.Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.

B.Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.

C.Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.

D.Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.

问题3选项

A.Startherownbusiness.

B.Buyapieceofproperty.

C.Payadebtlongoverdue.

D.Checkhercredithistory.

问题4选项

A.Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.

B.Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.

C.Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.

D.Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

M:[5]Howdiditgoatthebankthismorning?

W:Notwell,myproposalwasrejected.

M:Really,butwhy?

W:Bunchofreasons.Forstarters,[6]theysaidmycredithistorywasnotgoodenough.

M:Dotheysayhowyoucouldimprovethat?

W:Yes,theysaidthatafterfivemoreyearsofpayingmymortgage,thenIwillbecomeamoreviablecandidateforabusinessloan.Butrightnow,it’stooriskyforthemtolendmemoney.TheyfearIwilldefaultonanybusinessloanI’mgiven.

M:Well,thatdoesn’tsoundfair.Yourbusinessideaisamazing.Didyoushowthemyourbusinessplan?

Whatdidtheysay?

W:Theydidn’treallyarticulateanypositionregardingtheactualbusinessplan.Theysimplylookedatmycredithistoryanddetermineditwasnotgoodenough.Theysaidthebankhasstrictguidelinesandrequirementsastowhotheycanlendmoneyto.AndI