2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号38

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itiseducational.

B.Itisenjoyable.

C.Itisadaptedfromadrama.

D.Itisdivorcedfromreallife.

问题2选项

A.Alltherolesareplayedbyfamousactorsandactresses.

B.ItsplotsandeventsrevealalotaboutFrankie’sactuallife.

C.Itisbasedonthereal-lifeexperiencesofsomecelebrities.

D.Itiswritten,directed,editedandproducedbyFrankiehimself.

问题3选项

A.Recommendittoherfriends.

B.Gotothetheaterandenjoyit.

C.Downloadandwatchit.

D.Watchitwiththeman.

问题4选项

A.Itisagainstcommonsense.

B.Itisaridiculouspieceofsatire.

C.Ithasbeenshowingforoveradecade.

D.Ithasdrawncriticismsfromscientists.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Areyouwatchinganygoodshowsthesedays?

M:Actually,yes.I’mwatchingagreatsatirecalledFrankie.Ithinkyou’dlikeit.

W:Really?What’sitabout?

M:It’saboutarealguynamedFrankie.HeisafamouscomedianinNewYorkandshowsamixtureofcomedyanddramalooselydepictinghislife.

W:I’msorry,doyoumeantosay,it’sareal-lifeseriesaboutarealperson?It’snon-fiction,isit?

M:No...Notreally,no.It’sfiction,aswhathappensineveryepisodeismadeup.However,theleadroleisacomedianbythenameofFrankie,andheplayshimself.SoFrankie,inbothreallifeandintheTVshow,livesinNewYorkCity.He’sacomic,isdivorced,andhastwolittledaughters.Allthosethingsaretrue,butasidefromhim,allhisfriendsandfamilyareplayedbyactors.Andtheplotsandtheeventsthattakeplacearealsoinvented.

W:Oh,IthinkIseenow.Thatsoundslikeaveryoriginalconcept.

M:Yes,itis.[6]Infact,thewholeshowiswritten,directed,editedandproducedbyhim,[5]andisveryfunnyandhaswonmanyawards.

W:That’scool.[7]Iwilltrytodownloadit.I’mwatchingacomedycalledTheBigBangTheory.It’sahugehitaroundtheworld.

M:Ohyes.I’veheardofit,butneveractuallywatchedit.

W:Well,thenyoushouldcheckitout.It’salsoveryfunny.It’saboutfourmalescientistsandafemalewaitress.Themenareverysociallyawkwardbutverybright.Andthisiscontrastedbythelady’ssocialskillsandcommonsense.[8]Theshowhasbeenrunningforovertenyears,andsomeoftheactorsarepracticallyglobalsuperstars.Nowthattheyaresuchfamouscelebrities.

5.WhatdoesthemanthinkofthesatireFrankieherecentlywatched?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问男士对其最近看的《弗兰基》有什么看法？男士提到《弗兰基》是纽约著名喜剧演员弗兰基自导自制的一部讽刺剧，男士认为它非常有趣（funny），B选项中的enjoyable“有趣的”是其同义替换，因此正确。A选项“有教育意义的”在录音中没有提及；C选项“由戏剧改编而来”错误，男士说的是喜剧和戏剧相结合来描绘纽约著名喜剧演员的弗兰基的生活，是虚构的，而不是改编的，因此不正确；弗兰基在现实生活和电视节目中都生活在纽约，因此D选项“脱离现实生活”也不正确。

6.WhatdoesthemansayisspecialaboutthesatireFrankie?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于《弗兰基》的特别之处，男士说了什么？女士说这部剧听起来是原创的，男士表示同意后，接着说到整部剧都是由弗兰基编剧、导演、剪辑、制作的，因此D选项是录音的复述，所以正确。A选项“所有的角色都是由著名演员扮演的”错误，录音中提到著名演员扮演的剧是《生活大爆炸》而不是《弗兰基》；B选项“其情节和故事大量揭密了弗兰基的真实生活”错误，男士说到《弗兰基》的情节和故事都是虚构的（theplotsandtheevents...arealsoinvented）；因此，C选项“它基于几个名人的真实生活”也不正确。

7.WhatdoesthewomansaysheisgoingtodowiththesatireFrankie?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问对于《弗兰基》，女士接下来会怎么做？女士在听完男士的推荐之后表示会下载（Iwilltrytodownloadit），下载当然是为了观看，因此选项C正确。A选项“把它推荐给朋友”；B选项“去电影院欣赏”及D选项“和男士一起看”均不正确。

8.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutthecomedyTheBigBangTheory?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于喜剧《生活大爆炸》，女士说了什么？女士在对话中说到《生活大爆炸》这部剧已经播出十多年了（Theshowhasbeenrunningforovertenyears）。C选项是其同义转述，因此正确。干扰项A选项的commonsense在录音中出现过，但录音中说的是剧中演员的常识，并不是说电视剧有违常识，因此A选项“这有违常识”不正确；B选项“这是有点荒唐的讽刺作品”，录音中提到satire“讽刺作品”是用来描述《弗兰基》这部剧的，因此不正确；D选项“遭到了科学家的批评”，录音中提到scientists是女士介绍《生活大爆炸》剧中人物的身份，而不是说科学家们对这部剧的评价，所以D选项也不正确。

2.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.IthasstartedtoexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.

B.Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.

C.Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.

D.IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.

问题2选项

A.Itmadehimfeelstrange.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.

B.C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.

C.Ithurthisthroatslightly.B.Itwasreallyunforgettable.

D.Itwasapleasantsurprise.

问题3选项

A.Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.

B.Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.

C.Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.

D.Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.

问题4选项

A.Itisapromisingindustry.

B.Itrequiresnewtechnology.

C.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.

D.Itsaveshugeamountsoflabour.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

【解析】PassageTwo

[12]EatGrubisBritain’sfirstnewfoodcompanythatbreakswesternfoodboundariesbyintroducingedibleinsectsasanewsourceoffood.AndSainsbury’sisthefirstUKsupermarkettostockthecompany’crunchyroastedcrickets.

Sainsbury’sinsiststhatsuchfoodisnojokeandcouldbeanew,sustainablesourceofprotein.Outofcuriosity,IpaidavisittoSainsbury’s.AsIputmyhandintoapacketofcricketswiththeirtinyeyesandlegs,theideaofonegoinginmymouthmademefeelalittlesick.[13]Butthefirstbitewasapleasantsurprise.Alittledryandlackingoftaste,butatleastawingdidn’tgetstuckinmythroat.Theroastedseasoninglargelyoverpoweredanyotherflavouralthoughtherewasslightlybitteraftertaste.Thetexturewascrunchy,butsmeltalittleofcatfood.EatGrubalsorecommendsthecricketsasatoppingfornoodles,soupsandsalads.

[14]Thecompanyboaststhatitsdriedcricketscontainmoreproteinthanbeef,chickenandpork,aswellasmineralslikeironandcalcium.Unliketheproductionofmeat,bugsdonotuseuplargeamountsofland,waterorfeed,and[15]insectfarmingalsoproducesfarfewergreenhousegases.However,despitetwobillionpeopleworldwidealreadysupplementingtheirdietwithinsects,“consumerdisgust”remainsalargebarrierinmanywesterncountries.I’mnotsurebugswillbecomeapopularsnackanytimesoon,butthey’redefinitelyfoodforthought.

12.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutthefoodcompanyEatGrub?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问我们从这篇关于食品公司EatGrub的文章中能得知什么？录音开头提到，EatGrub引入食用昆虫作为新的食物来源，打破了西方食品的界限，由此可知C选项“它把某些昆虫变成了一种新的食物来源”正确。A选项“它已经开始扩展英国以外的业务”和B选项“从国外进口了一些异国食品”在录音中没有信息提及。D选项“它与Sainsbury’s联手出售宠物昆虫”主要是利用录音的Sainsbury’s设干扰，录音只是提到Sainsbury’s是英国第一家上货EatGrub脆烤蟋蟀的超市，没有说它与EatGrub联手，也未说到宠物昆虫，因此D选项不正确。

13.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouthisfirstbitearoastedcrickets?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话者对于他第一次咬烤蟋蟀说了什么？录音提到，第一口吃起来很惊喜，因此D选项“这是一个惊喜”符合录音原文。A选项“这让他觉得很奇怪”利用录音中的mademefeel设干扰，录音中说的是一想到有只蟋蟀会进到嘴里，就觉得有点恶心，而不是奇怪，因此A选项不正确；B选项“真的很难忘”在录音中没有提及；C选项“他的喉咙有点痛”利用录音中的throat设干扰，录音中说的是至少蟋蟀的翼没卡在说话人的喉咙里，并没有提到喉咙痛，因此不正确。

14.WhatdoesEatGrubsayaboutitsdriedcrickets?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是对于蟋蟀干，EatGrub怎么说？录音提到，该公司夸口说他们的蟋蟀干比牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉含有更多的蛋白质。牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉都属于传统肉类，因此A选项“它们比传统肉类含有更多的蛋白质”正确。B选项“它们很快就会在全世界流行起来”和C选项“它们比牛肉、鸡肉或猪肉好吃”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们比汤和沙拉更有营养”，利用录音中的soupsandsalads设干扰，录音只是说EatGrub还推荐蟋蟀作为面条、汤和沙拉的配料，并未指出哪个更有营养，因此D选项不正确。

15.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutinsectfarming?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于昆虫养殖，这篇文章的说法是什么？录音提到，昆虫养殖产生的温室气体少很多，由此可推断，昆虫养殖很环保，因此C选项“环保”正确。A选项“这是一个很有前途的行业”，录音结尾提到，尽管全世界有20亿人把昆虫作为补充的食物，但在很多西方国家，目前还有很大的阻碍。之后还提到，不确定虫子是否会成为一种受欢迎的零食，由此可推断昆虫养殖的前景并不是很乐观，因此A选项不正确；B选项“需要新技术”和D选项“节省大量劳动力”在录音中没有信息提及。

3.单选题

Iamafraidwehaveto（）asetofrulescalledetiquetteandpolitenesstomakeourfrequentmeetingstolerable.

问题1选项

A.confideto

B.dedicateto

C.concuron

D.dispensewith

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。confideto“信赖，透露”；dedicateto“献身，把（时间、精力）用于……”；concuron“同意，一致”；dispensewith“免除，省掉”。句意：恐怕必须要省掉一些所谓的礼仪和规矩才能使我们忍受得住源源不断的会议。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Questions13to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Ithasremainedbasicallythesame.

B.Ithasbecomebetterunderstood.

C.Ithasbeenexaggerated.

D.Ithasdecreased.

问题2选项

A.Itisnowthesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

B.Itdevelopsmoreeasilyincentenarianswhoarenotactive.

C.Itcallsformoreintensiveresearch.

D.Ithashadnoeffectivecuresofar.

问题3选项

A.Theycherishtheirlifemorethanever.

B.Theirmindsfailbeforetheirbodiesdo.

C.Theirqualityoflifedeterioratesrapidly.

D.Theycaremoreabouttheirphysicalhealth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】PassageTwo

[13]Inrecentyears,thedeathrateamongAmericancentenarians—peoplewhohavelivedtoage100orolder—hasdecreased,dropping14percentforwomenand20percentformenfrom2008to2014.Theleadingcausesofdeathinthisagegrouparealsochanging.

In2000,thetopfivecausesofdeathforcentenarianswereheartdisease,stroke,flu,cancerandAlzheimer’sdisease.Butby2014,thedeathratefromAlzheimer’sdiseaseforthisagegrouphadmorethandoubled—increasingfrom3.8percentto8.5percent—[14]makingtheprogressivebraindiseasethesecondleadingcauseofdeathforcentenarians.

OnereasonfortheriseindeathsfromAlzheimer’sdiseaseinthisgroupmaybethatdevelopingthisconditionremainspossibleevenafterpeoplebeattheoddsofdyingfromotherdiseasessuchascancer.Peoplewhoarephysicallyfitenoughtosurviveover100yearsultimatelygiveintodiseases,suchasAlzheimer’s,whichaffectsthemindandcognitivefunction.Inotherwords,[15]itappearstheirmindsgiveoutbeforetheirbodiesdo.

Ontheotherhand,thedeathratefromfludroppedfrom7.4percentin2000to4.1percentin2014.Thatpushedflufromthethirdleadingcauseofdeathtothefifth.

Overall,thetotalnumberofcentenariansisgoingup.In2014,therewere72,197centenarians,comparedto50,281in2000.Butbecausethispopulationisgettinglarger,thenumberofdeathsinthisgroupisalsoincreasing—18,434centenariansdiedin2000,whereas25,914diedin2014.

13.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheriskofdyingforAmericancentenariansinrecentyears?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于近年来美国百岁老人死亡的风险，说话人说了什么？录音第一句话便讲到，近年来，美国百岁老人的死亡率有所下降。D选项“它有所降低”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。A选项“它基本上保持不变”；B选项“人们对它有了更好的认识”和C选项“它被夸大了”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

14.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutAlzheimer’sdisease?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于阿尔茨海默氏症，说话者说了什么？录音提到，在2000年，百岁老人五大死亡原因其中之一就包括了阿尔茨海默病。到2014年，这种渐进的、慢性的大脑疾病已成为百岁老人的第二大死亡原因。A选项“它现在是百岁老人的第二大死亡原因”与原文表述相符，因此正确。B选项“它在不活跃的百岁老人中更容易发生”；C选项“它需要更加深入的研究”和D选项“迄今为止没有有效的治疗方法”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

15.Whatischaracteristicofpeoplewholiveupto100yearsandbeyond?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问活到100岁以上的人有什么特点?录音中提到，身体足够健康、能活到一百岁以上的老人最终也会屈服于像阿尔茨海默氏症这类影响心理和认知功能的疾病，换句话说，这些老人的大脑会比他们的身体更脆弱。B选项中的fail是对录音原文中giveout的同义替换，因此B选项“他们的大脑比他们的身体要先衰退”正确。A选项“他们比以往更珍惜生活”；C选项“他们的生活质量迅速恶化”和D选项“他们更关心身体健康”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。

5.单选题

Theboyhaslearnedfromfairystoriesthatwhatatfirstseemsa（）,threateningfigurecanmagicallychangeintoamosthelpfulfriend.

问题1选项

A.benevolent

B.repulsive

C.compulsive

D.imperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的”；repulsive“令人厌恶的，冷淡的”；compulsive“强制的，强迫的”；imperative“必要的，紧要的”。句意：男孩从童话故事里知道那些第一眼看起来令人厌恶的并且危险的人物会魔法般地变成一个最有用的朋友。选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage（）,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilitytouselanguage，isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.

问题1选项

A.potentiality

B.perception

C.faculty

D.acquisition

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。potentiality“潜力，可能性”；perception“知觉，感知”；faculty“学院；能力；全体教员”；acquisition“获得物，收购”。句意：很多语言学家提出人类语言的获得，即使用语言的生物学设定的程序能力，仍然难以定义和理解。选项D符合题意。

7.问答题

Itdemonstrateswhyitisessentialthatwefocuseffortsonmeasurestohelppreventolder

A

peoplefrombecomingillinthefirstplaceandonhavingexcellenthealthandsocialcare

B

C

servicesforthemsincetheydo.

D

【答案】试题答案：D;if

【解析】考查连词。此处表示假设，用连词if（假如）。

8.单选题

Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Acoolofficewillboostemployees’productivity.

B.Anaturallyventilatedofficeismorecomfortable.

C.Air-conditioningimprovesventilationintheoffice.

D.Officeair-conditioningshouldfollowguidebooks.

问题2选项

A.Peopleintheircomfortzoneoftemperaturearemoresatisfiedwiththeirproductivity.

B.Twenty-twodegreesistheoptimaltemperatureforofficeworkers.

C.Thereisarangeoftemperaturesforpeopletofeelcomfortable.

D.Peopleindifferentcountriesvaryintheirtolerancetouncomfortabletemperatures.

问题3选项

A.Itwillsharplydecreaseworkefficiency.

B.Itwillbeimmediatelynoticeable.

C.Itwillhavenonegativeimpactonwork.

D.Itwillcausealotofdiscomfort.

问题4选项

A.Theyarenotbotheredbytemperatureextremes.

B.Theysufferfromrapidtemperaturechanges.

C.Theybecomelesssensitivetohightemperatures.

D.Theytendtofavorlowertemperatures.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:D

【解析】PassageTwo

Settingtheofficeair-conditioningatabout22degreesCelsiushasbecomestandardpracticeacrosstheworld.[12]Numerousguidebooksacrosstheworldonheating,ventilationandair-conditioningclaimofficeperformancepeaksat22degrees.Manypeopleindeedfindrelieffromsoaringsummertemperaturesinair-conditionedoffices,butrecentstudieshavechallengedtheacceptedwisdomthatacoolofficeismoreproductive.Therealityismorecomplex.Researchersconductedareviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity.Theyfoundthat22degreeswasprobablyalittlechilly,evenattheheightofsummer.[13]Forapersondressedintypicalsummerclothing,anoptimalrangewouldbebetween23and26degrees.Andpeoplecaneventoleratetemperaturesbeyondthis“comfortzone”aslongastheycanadjusttheirclothingandexpectations.Infact,evenonveryhotdays,itmakessensetoturntheair-conditioningup.Peopleoftenchasejustone“optimum”temperature,andthisisunderstandablewhenpeoplefeelhot.[14]Butthereisarangeofatleastthreetofourdegreeswhichdoesnothaveanyadverseimpact.Anotherissuerelatedtothisisthatpeoplecanbecomepsychologicallydependentonair-conditioning.[15]Iftheyareusedtotheenvironmentwhichisair-conditioned,theytendtopreferlowertemperatures.Butthestudiesfoundthatalmostallhumansbecameaccustomedtothenewtemperature.Itwasonlyatthe“extreme”endsofthetemperaturerangewherepeople’sproductivitysuffered.Thisrangewasabove26degreesandbelow19degrees.

12.Whatistheacceptedwisdomconcerningtheofficeenvironment?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于办公室环境，人们普遍接受的观念是什么？录音开头讲到办公室的空调温度调到22度左右已成为全球性的标准做法，并且许多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南都声称办公室温度峰值达到22度时，人们的工作效率最高。由此可知，人们普遍认为“凉爽的办公环境能提高员工的工作效率”，因此A选项正确。B选项“自然通风的办公室更舒适”和C选项“空调改善办公室的通风”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“人们认为办公室的空调温度设定应遵循指南”，录音只是提及很多指南声称温度调至22度时，员工工作效率最高，并没有说一定要遵循指南，因此D选项不正确。

13.Whatdidresearchersfindfromtheirreviewofallstudiesrelatingtoair-conditioningandproductivity?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问研究人员在回顾了所有与空调和生产力有关的研究之后发现了什么？研究人员发现22度的温度即便是在盛夏也很可能让人感觉有点冷，对穿着正常夏装的人来说，最适宜的温度范围是23度到26度。C选项“人们感到舒适的温度有一个范围”是对这些信息的概括，因此正确。A选项“处于温度舒适区的人们对自己的工作效率更满意”，录音中并没有提及人们对工作效率是否满意，因此排除；B选项“对办公室工作人员来说，22度是最适宜的温度”是很多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南的观点，不是研究人员新发现的结果，因此排除；D选项“不同国家的人对不舒服的温度的耐受力不同”在录音中没有信息提及。

14.Whatdowelearnaboutusingalittlelessair-conditioningduringhotweather?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于在大热天少用点空调，我们了解到什么？录音在提到夏天最适宜的室温是23度至26度后，接着说即使超出这个温度舒适区，人们也受得了。后面还提到，人们通常只追求一个“最适宜的”温度，但在三到四度的温度浮动范围内，不会产生任何负面影响。因此，C选项“对工作没有负面影响”符合录音表述。A选项“这会大大降低工作效率”和D选项“这会引起很多不适”恰好与录音内容相反；B选项“这会立即被注意到”在录音中并没有信息提及，因此可排除。

15.Whathappenswhenpeopleareusedtoanair-conditionedenvironment?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问当人们习惯了空调环境时会发生什么？录音结尾处提到，人们会在心理上对空调产生依赖，如果他们习惯了有空调的环境，他们往往会喜欢更低的温度（theytendtopreferlowertemperatures）。D选项是对原文信息的复现，因此正确。A选项“他们不受极端温度的影响”与录音表述恰好相反；B选项“他们会因温度的快速变化而受到不好的影响”和C选项“他们对高温变得不那么敏感”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。

9.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theyareharmfultohealth.

B.Theyenrichourexperience.

C.Theyarenecessaryinourlives.

D.Theyshouldbedoneawaywith.

问题2选项

A.Theyareexhaustedevenwithoutdoinganyheavywork.

B.Theyfeeltoooverwhelmedtodealwithlife’sproblems.

C.Theyareanxioustofreethemselvesfromlife’stroubles.

D.Theyfeelstressedoutevenwithoutanychallengesinlife.

问题3选项

A.Theylessenourburdens.

B.Theynarrowourfocus.

C.Theyprolongourlives.

D.Theyexpandourmind.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Let’ssayyoustarttobrainstormalistofalltheemotionsyoueverexperienced.Justforfun,tryitnow.

What’sonyourlist?Chancesare,youincludedthingslike:happy,sad,excited,angry,afraid,grateful,proud,scared,confused,stressed,relaxedandamazed.Nowsortyourlistintotwocategories:positiveemotionsandnegativeemotions.

Feelingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsisanaturalpartofbeinghuman.[16]Wemightusetheword“negative”todescribemoredifficultemotions,butitdoesn’tmeanthoseemotionsarebadorweshouldn’thavethem.Still,mostpeoplewouldprobablyratherfeelapositiveemotionthananegativeone.It’slikelyyouprefertofeelhappyinsteadofsadorconfidentinsteadofinsecure.

Whatmattersishowouremotionsarebalanced,howmuchofeachtypeoftheemotion,positiveornegative,weexperience.

Negativeemotionswarnusofthreatsorchallengesthatwemayneedtodealwith.Forexample,fearcanalertustopossibledanger,it’sasignalthatwemightneedtoprotectourselves.Angryfeelingswarnusthatsomeoneissteppingonourtoes,crossingaboundaryorviolatingourtrust.Angercanbeasignalthatwemightneedtoactonourownbehalf.

Negativeemotionsfocusourawareness.Theyhelpustozeroinonaproblemsowecandealwithit.[17]Buttoomanynegativeemotionscanmakeusfeeloverwhelmed,anxious,exhaustedorstressedout.Whennegativeemotionsareoutofbalance,problemsmightseemtoobigtohandle.

Themorewedwellonnegativeemotions,themorenegativewebegintofeel.Focusingonnegativityjustkeepsitgoing.

Positiveemotionsbalanceoutnegativeones,buttheyhaveotherpowerfulbenefits,too.[18]Insteadofnarrowingourfocus,likenegativeemotionsdo,positiveemotionsaffectourbrainsinwaysthatincreaseourawareness,attentionandmemory.Theyhelpustakeinmoreinformation,holdseveralideasinmindatonceandunderstandhowdifferentideasrelatetoeachother.

Whenpositiveemotionsopenusuptonewpossibilities,wearemoreabletolearnandbuildonourskills.Thatleadstodoingbetterontasksandtests.

Peoplewhohaveplentyofpositiveemotionsintheireverydaylivestendtobehappier,healthier,learnbetterandgetalongwellwithothers.

16.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutnegativeemotions?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问关于负面情绪，说话者说了些什么？录音前面部分提到：我们可能会用“负面”一词来描述让人难受的情绪，但是这并不意味着这种情绪很糟糕或者我们不该有这种情绪。也就是说“它们（负面情绪）在我们的生活中是必要的”，C选项符合录音原文表述。A选项“它们对健康有害”和B选项“它们丰富我们的经验”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们应该被摒弃”恰好与录音表达的意思相反，因此不正确。

17.Whathappenstopeoplewhosenegativeemotionsareoutofbalance?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问负面情绪失衡的人会发生什么？录音在谈到负面情绪时提到，负面情绪会集中我们的意识，这样我们就可以处理问题，但是出现过多的负面情绪会使我们不堪重负、焦虑、疲惫或压力过大。负面情绪一旦失去平衡，问题似乎变得太大而无法处理。因此B选项“他们感到不堪重负以致无法处理生活问题”与录音原文表述相符。A选项“即使不干重活，他们也筋疲力尽”；C选项“他们渴望摆脱生活的烦恼”和D选项“即使生活中没有任何挑战，他们还是感到紧张”在录音中均没有提及。

18.Howdopositiveemotionsaffectus?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问积极情绪是如何影响我们的？录音提到，（积极情绪）不像负面情绪那样会让我们缩小注意力的范围，积极情绪会影响我们的大脑，增强我们的意识、注意力和记忆力。它们帮助我们获取更多的信息，同时记住一些想法，并了解不同的想法是如何相互关联的。因此D选项“它们扩展我们的思维”正确。A选项“它们减轻我们的负担”和C选项“它们延长我们的寿命”在录音中均没有信息提及；B选项“它们使我们集中注意力”是负面情绪的作用，因此不正确。

10.单选题

Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyourdirectionsaresoclearand（）thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.

问题1选项

A.onthepoint

B.offthepoint

C.tothepoint

D.uptoapoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查介词词组辨析。onthepoint“即将……的时候”；offthepoint“离题”；tothepoint“中肯，切题”；uptoapoint“在一定程度上”。句意：我觉得这个主题很难，我曾经想放弃；但是你的指导清晰又切题，我已经成功获得一张我们都认为非常漂亮的画，尽管没有你的优雅。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Thepooroldmanwas（）withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.

问题1选项

A.suffered

B.afflicted

C.induced

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。beafflictedwith“受折磨”。句意：这位贫穷的老人受着糖尿病的折磨，如果没有合理的治疗，他很快会失去视力并且残疾。选项B符合题意。

12.单选题

Biologicalwizardryofadifferentsortisresponsiblefortheruggednessofsea-earshells,whichunderhigh-poweredmicroscopesresemble______constructedstonewalls.

问题1选项

A.reversibly

B.elaborately

C.spontaneously

D.concurrently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”；B选项elaborately“精巧地；苦心经营地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；D选项concurrently“同时地；兼营；兼任地；并发地”。句意：鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的，在高倍显微镜下，它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Parentsoftenfacedthe（）betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.

问题1选项

A.paradox

B.junction

C.premise

D.dilemma

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。paradox“似是而非的论点”；junction“连接”；premise“前提，假设”；dilemma“进退两难”。题干中提及家长在面对孩子教育上有两种选择，让他们难以抉择，陷入两难。选项D符合题意。

14.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theytendtobesilencedintosubmission.

B.Theyfindithardtodefendthemselves.

C.Theywillfeelproudofbeingpioneers.

D.Theywillfeelsomewhatencouraged.

问题2选项

A.Onewhoadvocatesviolenceineffectingchange.

B.Onewhocravesforrelentlesstransformations.

C.Onewhoactsintheinterestsoftheoppressed.

D.Onewhorebelsagainsttheexistingsocialorder.

问题3选项

A.Theytriedtoeffectsocialchangebyforce.

B.Theydisruptedthenation’ssocialstability.

C.Theyservedasadrivingforceforprogress.

D.Theydidmoreharmthangoodtohumanity.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Whatisaradical?Itseemstodaythatpeopleareterrifiedoftheterm,particularlyofhavingthelabelattachedtothem.[16]Accusingindividualsorgroupsofbeingradicaloftenservestosilencethemintosubmission,therebymaintainingtheexistingstateofaffairs,andmoreimportant,preservingthepowerofaselectminoritywhoaremostlywealthywhitemalesinWesternsociety.Feminismisaperfectexampleofthisphenomenon.Thewomen’smovementhasbeenplaguedbystereotypes,misrepresentationsbythemedia,andaccusationsofmanhatingandradicalism.Whenthebasicfoundationoffeminismissimplythatwomendeserveequalrightsinallfacetsoflife,whenfacedwithathreatofbeinglabelledradical,womenbackdownfromtheirworthycauseandconsequentlyparticipateintheirownoppression.Ithasgottentothepointthatmanywomenareafraidtocallthemselvesfeministsbecauseofthestigmaattachedtotheword.Ifpeoplerefusedtobecontrolledandintimidatedbystigmas,thestigmaslosealltheirpower.Withoutfearonwhichtofeed,suchstigmascanonlydie.

Tome,[17]aradicalissimplysomeonewhorebelsagainstthenorm,whatadvocatesachangeintheexistingstateofaffairs.Oncloserinspection,itbecomesclearthatthenormisconstantlyevolvingandthereforeisnotaconstantentity.Sowhy,then,isdeviationfromthepresentsituationsuchathreatwhenthisstateofaffairsitselfisunstableandsubjecttorelentlesstransformation?Itallgoesbacktomaintainingthepowerofthosewhohaveitandpreventingtheriseofthosewhodon’t.

Infact,whenwelookattheword“radical”inahistoricalcontext,nearlyeveryfigurewenowholdupasaherowasconsideredaradicalinhisorhertime.Radicalsarepeoplewhoaffectchange.Theyarethepeopleaboutwhomhistoryiswritten.Abolitionistswereradicals.Civilrightsactivistswereradicals.Eventhefoundersofourcountry,inthefighttowinindependencefromEngland,wereradicals.Theirpresenceinhistoryhaschangedthewayoursocietyfunctions,mainlybyshiftingthebalanceofpowerthatpreviouslyexisted.Ofcourse,therearesomeradicalswho’vemadeanegativeimpactonhumanity,[18]butundeniably,therewouldsimplybenoprogresswithoutradicals.Thatbeingsaid,nexttimesomeonecallsmearadical,Iwillacceptthatlabelwithpride.

16.Whatusuallyhappenswhenpeopleareaccusedofbeingradical?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问被人指责太过激进时，通常情况下会发生什么？录音提到，指责某个人或某个组织太过激进，常常能够让这个人或这个组织沉默、屈服，A选项“他们倾向于沉默并屈服”与录音原文表述一致，因此正确。B选项“他们发现为自己辩护很难”，录音中并没有提及被指责者试图为自己辩护，因此可排除；C选项“他们为自己的先锋身份感到自豪”和D选项“他们一定程度上感到受鼓舞”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此也可排除。

17.Whatisthespeaker’sdefinitionofaradical?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问说话人对“激进分子”的定义是什么？录音中提及说话人认为“激进分子”是反抗常规，提倡改变现状的人。D选项中theexistingsocialorder是录音thenorm的转述，因此D选项“反抗现有社会秩序的人”正确。A选项“提倡暴力以促进改变的人”，录音中并未提及提倡暴力，因此不正确；B选项“追求无休止变化的人”，录音中说的是事情本身是不稳定的和无休止变化的，并没有提及激进分子追求无休止的变化，因此不正确；C选项“为受压迫者的利益而行动的人”，录音中只提到了oppression这个单词，其他信息是没有依据的，因此排除。

18.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkofmostradicalsintheAmericanhistory?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话人如何看待美国历史上的大部分激进分子？录音中说话人指出：若没有激进者，就没有进步。C选项“他们是促进社会进步的力量”与录音原文表述相符，因此正确。A选项“他们试图通过暴力引发社会变革”；B选项“他们扰乱了国家的社会稳定”和D选项“他们对人类的坏处大于好处”均属于负面评价，与说话人的看法不符，因此不选。

15.单选题

Theperiodofadolescence,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescenceperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.

Inmodemsociety,ceremoniesforadolescencehavelosttheirformalrecognitionandsymbolicsignificanceandthereisnolongeragreementastowhatconstitutesinitiationceremonies.Socialoneshavebeenreplacedbyasequenceofstepsthatleadtoincreasedrecognitionandsocialstatus.Forexample,gradeschoolgraduation,highschoolgraduationandcollegegraduationconstitutesuchasequence,andwhileeachstepimpliescertainbehavioralchangesandsocialrecognition,thesignificanceofeachdependsonthesocio-economicstatusandtheeducationambitionoftheindividual.Ceremoniesforadolescencehavealsobeenreplacedbylegaldefinitionsofstatusroles,rights,privilegesandresponsibilities.Itisduringthenineyearsfromthetwelfthbirthdaytothetwenty-firstthattheprotectiveandrestrictiveaspectsofchildhoodandminorstatusareremovedandadultprivilegesandresponsibilitiesaregranted.Thetwelve-year-oldisnolongerconsideredachildandhastopayfullfarefortrain,airplane,theaterandmovietickets.Basically,theindividualatthisageloseschildhood