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住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-通用考博英语考试名师押题精选卷I(带答案详解)(图片可根据实际调整大小)题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

MysurnameisaverycommononeinNorthChina,andIhaveeverbeeninaclassforfortystudentsinwhichsixotherpeoplehadthesamesurname!Afriendofminecommentedthatitwas

“toomuchofagoodthing!”

问题1选项

A.isaverycommonone

B.haveeverbeenin

C.fortystudentsinwhichsixother

D.Afriendofmine–commented

E.没有问题

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。Ever改成once。在疑问句中使用haveeverbeen的形式,表示曾经。此处应用haveoncebeen。

2.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Whenluckplaysarole.

B.Whetherpracticemakesperfect.

C.Whatdeterminessuccess.

D.Howimportantnaturaltalentis.

问题2选项

A.Itknocksatyourdooronlyonceinawhile.

B.Itmeansbeinggoodatseizingopportunities.

C.Itissomethingthatnoonecanpossiblycreate.

D.Itcomesnaturallyoutofone’sself-confidence.

问题3选项

A.Practiceisessentialtobecominggoodatsomething.

B.Oneshouldalwaysbereadytoseizeopportunities.

C.Onemusthavenaturaltalenttobesuccessful.

D.Luckrarelycontributestoaperson’ssuccess.

问题4选项

A.Peoplewholovewhattheydocarelittleaboutmoney.

B.Beingpassionateaboutworkcanmakeonewealthy.

C.Puttingtimeandeffortintofunthingsisprofitable.

D.Peopleinneedofmoneyworkhardautomatically.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:IhavemanyBusinessEnglishstudents.[5]WhenIteachtheclassroom,weoftenenduptalkingaboutthingslikesuccessandwhatleadstosuccess.Andit’sinterestingthatmanyofthemmentiontheelementofluck.

M:Right.

W:Luckisimportanttosuccess.Butsinceyou’veseenthatfantasticvideoontheTedtalk’swebsitebyRichardSt.John,hedoesn’tmentionluckatall.

M:Well,I’mafirmbelieverthatpeoplecanmaketheirownluck.Imeanwhatpeopleregardasluck,youcanactuallycreatetoadegree.

W:Sure.[6]Ithinkalotofwhatpeopleconsiderluckisattributedtohowyourespondtotheopportunitiesthatcomeyourway.

M:Yes,verygoodpoint.

W:[6]Seizingtheopportunities.Butwasthereanypointinthevideothatyouthoughtwasparticularlyinteresting?

M:Yes,actuallytherewas.Somethingveryimpressivetomeismanypeoplethinkthatluckisimportantandthatnaturaltalentissomethingyoumusthaveinordertobesuccessful.[7]Andinthevideowesaw,thepointaboutgettinggoodatsomethingisnotabouthavingsomenaturaltalent,it’sallaboutpractice,practice,practice...

W:Definitelyyeah.Naturaltalenthelpsinsomeway.Butattheendoftheday,youreallydoneedtoworkhardandgetreally,reallygoodatwhatyoudo.

M:Sure.

W:Ithoughtoneinterestingthinginthevideowastheideaofpassionbeingsoimportantandthatpeoplewhoreallylovewhattheydo.Ofcourseyou’regoingtowanttoworkharderandputthetimeandeffortintoit.[8]Andthefunnythingisthatifyoulovewhatyoudoandarereallypassionateaboutitandworkreallyhard,themoneykindofcomesautomatically.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问说话者主要在谈论什么?录音开头,女士就提到她在教学课堂上经常会讨论“成功”这个话题以及什么因素导致了成功。由此可知C选项“什么决定了成功”正确。A选项“幸运什么时候发挥作用”,录音只是提及幸运对于成功的作用,并没有提及什么时候发挥作用,因此可排除;B选项“是否熟能生巧”和D选项“个人天赋如何重要”在录音中虽有提及,但都不是说话人谈论的主要内容,因此也可排除。

6.Whatisthewoman’sviewofluck?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士是如何看待运气的?录音中,女士提到运气对成功来说是很重要,但是否有运气其实主要是看我们能否把握机会。B选项“运气意味着善于把握机会”符合录音原文,因此正确。A选项“幸运有时会自己找上门”和D选项“幸运自然来自于一个人的自信”在录音中均没有信息提及。C选项“幸运是任何人都不可能创造出来的”,录音中,男士提到一定程度上幸运是需要我们自己创造的,女士对此表示认同,因此C选项错误。

7.WhatisthechiefpointtheTedtalk’svideomakes?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问Ted演讲视频的要点是什么?录音中,男士提到,Ted演讲视频里强调一个人是否擅长做某事并不是取决于其个人天赋,而是要靠不断地练习。因此A选项“要想擅长某件事,练习是必不可少的”正确。B选项“一个人应该随时准备抓住机会”在录音中是女士所提出的观点,并不是Ted演讲视频的要点,因此不正确;C选项“一个人必须拥有天赋才能获得成功”与Ted演讲视频里强调的内容不符,因此可排除;D选项“运气很难促进一个人的成功”录音中女士提到,RichardSt.John在Ted演讲网站上的精彩视频,他一点都没提到运气。因此D选项也不正确。

8.WhatdoesthewomanthinkisthefunnythingintheTedtalk’svideo?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士认为Ted演讲视频中最有趣的事情是什么?录音最后,女士说她认为视频演讲内容中有一点很有趣:若一个人喜欢他所做的事情,对所从事的工作抱有热情,并努力做好工作,那金钱自然就会来。B选项中的passionateabout...为录音原词复现,wealthy对应录音中的es。因此B选项“对工作的热情可以使人富有”正确。A选项“热爱工作的人不太关心金钱”;C选项“把时间与精力投放在有趣的事情上是有利可图的”和D选项“需要钱的人会自动努力工作”均不正确。

3.单选题

Shewalkedroundtothe(

)ofthecarandstoodsilentlywhileheundidthebootandpickedupherbag.

问题1选项

A.ream

B.ranch

C.rear

D.realm

【答案】C

【解析】考察形近词辨析。ream“令(纸张的计数单位),大量”;ranch“大农场,大牧场”;rear“后面,屁股,后方部队”;realm“领域,范围,王国”。句意:她围绕着车后方走…。选项C符合句意。

4.单选题

Whileit’struethattechniquesofactivelisteningcan()thevalueoflecture,fewstudentspossesssuchskillsatthebeginningoftheircollegecareers.

问题1选项

A.enhance

B.enlarge

C.access

D.exaggerate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。enhance“提高,加强,增加”;enlarge“扩大,增大”;access“使用;存取;接近”;exaggerate“夸张”。句意:积极倾听能够提高演讲的价值,但是很少有大学生在入学之初就有这样的技能。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Whilecrossingthemountainareas,allthemenhadgunsforprotectionlestthey(

)bythelocalbandits.

问题1选项

A.beattacked

B.mustbeattacked

C.wereattacked

D.wouldbeattacked

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。由“lest”引导的目的状语从句,意思是“唯恐,以免”,与之有相同用法的还有“forfearthat/inorderthat/sothat”,谓语动词一般用(should/could/might)+动词原形。因此选项A符合题意。

6.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itignoredthefactthatemotionsarepersonalandsubjective.

B.Itoverlookedthepossibilitythatemotionsmaybecontrolled.

C.Itmeasuredpositiveandnegativeemotionsindependently.

D.Itclassifiedemotionssimplyaseitherpositiveornegative.

问题2选项

A.Sittingalonewithoutdoinganythingseemedreallydistressing.

B.Solitudehadareductiveeffectonhigh-arousalemotions.

C.Sittingalonefor15minutesmadetheparticipantsrestless.

D.Solitudeadverselyaffectedtheparticipants’mentalwell-being.

问题3选项

A.Ittendedtointensifynegativeemotions.

B.Itprovedhardtodepictobjectively.

C.Itwenthandinhandwithsadness.

D.Ithelpedincreaselow-arousalemotions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

【解析】RecordingOne

Psychologyresearchhastendedtoportraysolitudeasanegativeexperience.Studiesconductedinthe1970sand1990ssuggestedthatpeoplefeltlesshappywhenalone,ascomparedtobeingwithothers.However,anewpapershowsanalternativeviewofsolitude,oneinwhichsolitudecanbepositive.

Let’sstartbylookingattheearlierresearch.Ithadacoupleofshortcomings.First,itmeasuredemotiononascalefrompositivetonegative,overlookingthepossibilitythatthepositiveandnegativeemotionscanfluctuateindependently.[16]Also,itcategorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative.Itdidn’tconsiderthatemotionsarousedustodifferentdegrees,andthatbothpositiveandnegativeemotionscanarouseusalotoralittle.Thatis,whetherpositiveornegative,emotionscanbeeitherhigharousalorlowarousal.Higharousalemotionsincludeexcitementonthepositivesideorangeronthenegativeside,whilelowarousalonesincludefeelingcalmonthepositivesideorlonelyonthenegative.

Thisnewresearchattemptedtoovercometheseshortcomings.Researchersbeganwithasimplestudy.Theyaskedparticipantstospend15minutessittingalonewithoutengaginginanyactivityandmeasuredhowthissolitudeinfluencedtheiremotionalstate.[17]Thisexperimentspecificallyaimedtodeterminetheeffectofsolitudeonhigharousalemotions.Itlookedatpositiveemotionssuchasbeingexcitedorinterested,andnegativeemotions,includingbeingscaredordistressed.Theresultswereclear.[17]After15minutesofsolitude,theparticipantsshowedreductionsinbothtypesofemotion.Asecondstudymeasuredtheeffectsofsolitudeonlowarousalemotions.Theseincludedbothpositiveandnegativeemotionssuchasfeelingcalm,relaxed,sadorlonely.[18]Thatexperimentfoundthatalloftheseemotionswereincreasedbytimealone.Thus,itseemspastdepictionsofsolitudewerewrong.Itdoesn’thaveasimpleemotionaleffectthatcanbecharacterizedasgoodorbad.Rather,itchangestheintensityofourinnerexperience.Itamplifiesquieteremotions.Butitdiminishestheintensityofstrongerfeelings.

It’sworthclarifyingthatthesefindingsrelatetorelativelybriefperiodsofsolitude.Thisisdistinctfromprolongedloneliness.Researchhasdemonstratedthatthelatteriscorrelatedwithanassortmentofnegativephysicalandpsychologicaleffects.Howcanpeoplebenefitfrombeingalone?Thefindingsheresuggestthatpeoplecanusesolitudetoregulatetheiremotions.Solitudecanhelpusbecomequietafterexcitement,calmafteranangryepisode,orsimplyfeelatpeace.

16.Whatisoneofthecriticismsdirectedattheearlyresearchonsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于“独处”的早期研究受到何种批评?录音说,早期的研究存在几个缺点,其中包括把情绪简单地分为积极的和消极的(categorizedemotionsassimplypositiveornegative),D选项中的classified是对录音原文中categorized的同义替换,因此D选项正确。A选项“它忽略了情绪是个人的和主观的事实”和B项“它忽略了情绪可以被控制的可能性”在录音中均没有信息提及;C选项“它独立测量积极情绪和消极情绪”主要利用measured和independently设置干扰,录音说的是,早期调查在从积极到消极的范围内衡量情绪,忽略了积极和消极情绪可以独立波动的可能性。选项与之表述不相符,因此排除。

17.Whatdowelearnabouttheresultsofthenewresearch?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问我们可以知道哪些关于新研究的结果?录音提到,新研究是为了确定独处对高唤起度情绪的影响,而参与实验的人经过15分钟的独处后,他们的积极与消极两方面的高唤起度情绪都有所减缓(reductionsinbothtypesofemotion),B选项中的reductive与录音原文中的reductions是同根词,都表示“减少,减缓”的意思,因此B选项“独处对高唤起度情绪有减缓作用”正确。A选项“一个人无所事事地坐着似乎很苦恼”和C选项“独自坐15分钟使参与者焦躁不安”在录音中均没有信息提及;D选项“独处会对参与者的心理健康产生不利影响”,主要错在缺乏对独处的修饰词,录音中说的是长期的孤独与负面的生理和心理影响相关,而短暂的独处不会,因此D选项属于以偏概全,表述不正确。

18.Whatdidthesecondexperimentinthenewresearchfindaboutsolitude?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问新研究的第二个实验有何发现?第二个实验测量了独处对低唤起度情绪的影响,并且发现所有这些情绪都会随着时间的推移而增加。D选项“它有助于增强低唤起度情绪”与原文表述相符,因此正确。A选项“它往往会使负面情绪加剧”,这些情绪包括积极和消极的情绪,如平静、放松、悲伤或孤独。因此A选项不正确;B选项“事实证明很难客观描述它”,录音提到,独处改变内在感受的强度,对强烈感觉有安抚作用,这正是描述了独处产生的影响,因此B选项也不正确;C选项“它与悲伤密切相关”在录音中没有信息提及,因此排除。

7.单选题

IthinkImustbecomingdownwithflubecauseI’vebeenfeeling()allday.

问题1选项

A.wretched

B.worried

C.wrecked

D.wicked

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。wretched“可怜的,卑鄙的”;worried“担心的”;wrecked“失事的;迷幻的”;wicked“邪恶的,恶劣的,不道德的”。句意:我觉得我染上流感了,因为我整天感觉不舒服。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.TheyarepartoftheChristiantradition.

B.TheyaretheoldestbuildingsinEurope.

C.Theyareinworseningcondition.

D.Theyarerenovatedtoattracttourists.

问题2选项

A.Theyconsistofseveralstoreys.

B.Theyarewithoutfoundations.

C.Theyare40metrestallonaverage.

D.Theyhaveahistoryof14centuries.

问题3选项

A.Woodenbuildingskeptthecoldout.

B.Woodwasharmoniouswithnature.

C.TimberwasabundantinScandinavia.

D.TheVikingslikedwoodenstructures.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

【解析】RecordingOne

Datingfromasfarbackasthe12thcentury,theyareclaimedtobetheraresthistoricbuildingsinwesternEurope.ThesebuildingsoffervitalinsightsintoScandinavia’sVikingpast.Butnow,[16]withonly30woodenchurchesremainingandtheirconditiondeteriorating,expertsareworkingtopreservethestructuresforfuturegenerations.

Someofthesespectacularchurchesarenomorethansmallbuildings,barelyfourmeterswideandsixmeterstall.Othersaremuchlargerstructures.Theysoarupto40metersintothecoldair.Mostconsistoftimberframesthatrestonstoneblocks.[17]Thismeansthattheyhavenofoundations.Althoughmanyofthechurchesappearfromtheoutsidetobecomplexstructures,theynormallyfeatureonlyasinglestoreybutnumerousdifferentrooflevels.

StafffromtheNorwegiangovernmenthavecarriedoutconservationworkon10ofthechurchesoverthepasttwoyears.Mostofthesechurchesdatefrombetweenthe12thand14thcenturies.Otherchurcheswereconservedinpreviousyears.Sofar,specialistshaveworkedtoaddpreservativematerialstothechurches,exteriors.Theyalsoreplacedrottingrootsandhaltedthesinkingofthechurchesintotheground.

Intwocases,hugemachineshavebeenusedtoliftthebuildingsupto30centimetersintotheair.Thiswasaccomplishedsothattheteamcouldexamineandrepairthechurches,originalmedievalstoneblocks.Theteamplanstoreturntoaroundadozenofthebuildingstoassessprogressandconsiderfurtheraction.

Theearliestfree-standingwoodenchurchwasprobablybuiltinNorwayinaround1080.However,thelargestknownwoodenchurcheswerebuiltfromthe1130sonwards.Thisperiodwasoneofinter-eliterivalryinwhichnoblessoughttoincreasetheirinfluencebyfundingtheconstructionofchurchesandotherbuildings.

[18]ThereasonforconstructingthebuildingsfromwoodisprobablythatideallyproportionedstraightandslendertimberwasavailableinlargequantitiesinScandinavia’svastpineforests.Aswoodwassoplentiful,itwascheapertousethanthestoneusedinthebuildingsofotherEuropeancultures.

Thearea’sship-buildingtradition,partlyestablishedbytheVikings,alsomeantthatsophisticatedcarpentrywasamajoraspectofthelocalculture.Thecomplexstyleofthemedievalwoodenchurchcarvings,andtheskillsusedtomakethem,almostcertainlyderivefromtheancientVikingtradition.

16.WhatdoesthespeakersayabouttheVikingwoodenchurches?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是关于维京人木制教堂的信息。录音开头提到,现在只剩下30座维京人的木制教堂,而且它们的状况正在恶化(theirconditiondeteriorating)。C选项是对录音原文的同义替换,因此正确。A选项“它们是基督教传统的一部分”和D选项“为了吸引游客”在录音中均没有提及;B选项“它们是欧洲最古老的建筑”,录音开头提到,它们被认为是西欧最稀有的历史建筑,并没有说是最古老的,因此不正确。

17.WhatisspecialaboutmostoftheVikingwoodenchurches?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问维京人的木制教堂有什么特别之处?录音提到,大多数教堂由靠在石块上的木架组成,这意味着它们没有地基(theyhavenofoundations),这和一般的建筑不同,也就是说,没有地基就是它们的特别之处,因此B选项正确。A选项“它们由几层楼组成”,录音中提到维京人的木制教堂通常只有一层,因此A选项可排除。C选项“它们平均有40米高”,录音只是说有些教堂能高耸至40米,并不是说它们平均有40米高,因此C选项也可排除;D选项“它们有14个世纪的历史”,录音提到的是这些教堂大多建于12至14世纪,D选项与录音表述不符,因此不正确。

18.WhyweretheVikingchurchesconstructedfromwood?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问为什么维京人的教堂是木制的?录音后面提到,用木材建造建筑的原因可能是,在斯堪的纳维亚广袤的松林中可以获得大量笔直细长的木材,C选项“斯堪的纳维亚木材丰富”与此信息为同义表述,因此正确。A选项“木制建筑可以御寒”;B选项“木材与自然搭配和谐”以及D选项“维京人喜欢木制建筑”均不是用木材建造建筑的原因,因此可排除。

9.单选题

Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theycan’tbesolvedwithoutgovernmentsupport.

B.Theyareeasytosolvewithmoderntechnology.

C.Theyhavenotbeenexaminedindetailsofar.

D.Theyarisefromtheadvancesintechnology.

问题2选项

A.Itisintenselycompetitive.

B.Itfocusesonnewproducts.

C.Itdemandshugeinvestment.

D.Itisattractivetoentrepreneurs.

问题3选项

A.Cooperationwithbigcompanies.

B.Sharingofcostswitheachother.

C.Recruitingmorequalifiedstaff.

D.In-servicetrainingofITpersonnel.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

【解析】RecordingThree

WelcometothethirdlectureinourseriesonthefutureofsmallbusinessesinEurope.Thepurposeoftoday’slecture,asyouhaveseenfromthetitleandtheabstract,[23]istoexamineinmoredetailtheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterpriseswhichariseatleastinpartfromhavingtoadapttorapidadvancesintechnology.AndIwanttolookatthesebothfromafinancialandfromapersonnelpointofviewandtoofferafewhopefullyeffectivesolutions.

HerewehavethreeofthemostimportantproblemsfacingsmallbusinessesthatIwanttolookattoday.

First,keepingupwiththepaceoftechnologicalchange,recruitinghighqualitystaffinatimeofskillsshortagesinITasawholeandinahighlycompetitivemarket,andtheissueofretainingstaffoncethey’vebeenrecruitedandtrained.Now,alloftheseproblemsinvolvesignificantcostsforallbusinesses.Buttheyareparticularlychallengingissueforsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises.Andthosecostswouldvarydependingonthesizeandscaleofthebusinesses.

Solet’scometothefirstissueonourlistwhichiskeepingpacewithdevelopmentsintechnology.[24]Nowweallknowthatthetechnologyindustryisintenselycompetitivewithnewproductsbeinglaunchedallyearroundasthevariouscompaniesstrivetocompetewitheachother,ratherthan,sayonceayearoreverycoupleofyears.Andthisisarealheadacheforsmallerbusinesses.So,let’simaginewehaveasmallcompanywhichisdoingok.It’sjustaboutmakingaprofitanditspendsmostofitsincomeontheoverheads.Soforacompanyinthissituation,keepinguptodatewiththelatesttechnology,evenifit’sonlyforthebenefitofkeystaff,thiscanbehugelyexpensive.

Soinmyview,somecreativethinkingneedstocomeinheretofindwaystohelpcompaniesinthissituationtostayaheadinthegame,butatthesametime,toremaintechnologicallycompetitive.

Well,there’sapossibilitythatsmallgroupsofcompanieswithsimilarrequirementsbutnotdirectlycompetingwitheachother,[25]theycouldsharethecostofupgradinginmuchthesamewayas,let’ssay,anintranetoperateswithinlargerorganizations.[25]Infact,costsharingcouldbeaverypracticalsolution,especiallyintimesoffinancialdifficulty.Ifthere’sadownwardpressureoncosts,becauseofaneedforinvestmentinotherareas,Iwouldarguethatthisisaperfectlyfeasiblesolution.

23.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttheproblemsfacingsmallandmedium-sizedenterprises?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问关于中小企业面临的问题,说话者说了什么?本篇讲座在开头就提到讲座的目的是详细分析中小企业在适应技术的快速进步方面所面临的问题。由此可知,中小企业面临的问题来源于技术的进步,因此D选项正确。A选项“没有政府的支持,问题不能解决”和B选项“利用现代科技很容易解决”在录音中均没有信息涉及;C选项“到目前为止,问题还没有详细研究过”,在这次讲座中说话者明确分析了中小企业面临的三个问题,而且接着展开了对第一个问题的详细剖析,因此C选项不正确。

24.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthetechnologyindustry?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于科技行业,说话者说了什么?说话者在说跟上科技发展步伐这个问题时提到,科技行业是竞争激烈的行业,各公司相互竞争,一年到头都可能有新产品推出市场。A选项“竞争非常激烈”与原文表述一致,因此正确。B选项“专注于新产品”;C选项“它要求巨大的投资”和D选项“它对企业家是有吸引力的”在录音中均没有信息提及,均可排除。

25.Whatisapracticalsolutiontotheproblemsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问什么是解决中小企业问题的可行方案?说话者最后提到有相似需求和要求的小型企业,如果相互之间没有直接的竞争关系,可尝试共同分担技术的升级成本,而这不失为一种实用的解决方法。因此B选项“互相分摊成本”正确。A选项“与大公司合作”和D选项“信息技术人员的在职培训”在录音中没有信息提及;C选项“招聘更能胜任工作的员工”在录音中虽有提及,但这是中小型企业面临的第二个问题,并非实际解决中小型企业问题的方法,因此可排除。

10.单选题

Theaimofthepresident’sspeechwastoconvincestillreluctantcountriesofthegreatnecessityofimposingsanctionsagainstthecountriesthat()terrorists.

问题1选项

A.kidnapped

B.harassed

C.heckled

D.harbored

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。kidnap“绑架”;harass“扰乱,使烦恼”;heckle“诘问,责问”;harbor“庇护”。句意:总统演讲的目的在于要让那些不大情愿的国家相信,强硬制裁那些庇护恐怖分子的国家是非常有必要的。选项D符合题意。

11.单选题

Wehavebeentoldthatundernocircumstances(

)thetelephoneintheofficeforpersonalaffairs.

问题1选项

A.mayweuse

B.wemayuse

C.wecoulduse

D.didweuse

【答案】A

【解析】考查倒装句。undernocircumstances后面要用部分倒装,即将助动词提前至主语前面,选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Trafficroutes.

B.Adrivingtest.

C.Avideogame.

D.Cargologistics.

问题2选项

A.Hefounditinstructiveandrealistic.

B.Heintroducedittohisbrotherlastyear.

C.Hewasreallydrawntoitsotherversions.

D.HeboughtitwhentouringEurope.

问题3选项

A.Thekeyroleofthelogisticsindustry.

B.Thedetailsinthedrivingsimulator.

C.Drivingfromonecitytoanother.

D.Travelingalloverthecountry.

问题4选项

A.Strictertrafficrules.

B.Morepeopledrivingsafely.

C.Clearerroadsigns.

D.Moreself-drivingtrucksontheroad.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:Thisisunbelievable![1]UnlikeanyvideogameI’veeverplayedbefore,it’ssoboringyetsorelaxingatthesametime.Howdidyouhearaboutthisdrivingsimulator?

M:Mybrotherintroducedittomelastyear.[2]Iwassurprisedtofindhoweducationalandrealisticitwas.It’scalledEuroTruckSimulator,buttheyhaveotherversionsaswellforAmericaandsoon.Iwasreallydrawntothescenery.Theroutesgothroughpartsofthecountryyoudon’tnormallyseeasatourist.

W:Yeah,Icanseethat.Itseemedsosimple,justtransportingcargofrompointAtopointB,drivingfromonecitytoanother.[3]ButIreallyappreciateallthedetailsthatgointothegame.It’sevengivenmeanewappreciationforthelogisticsindustryandtrafficontheroad.

M:Icompletelyagree.Mybrotheralsointroducedmetosomevideosofsomeonethatstreamedtheirgameonline.Itwasfascinatingtowatchreally.Thisguydroveverycarefully,obeyedalltheroadsignsandtrafficrules.Suchacontrasttomostviolentgames!

W:Honestly,playinghasinspiredmetolookintotheindustrymore.I’vereadarticlesabouthowself-drivingtrucksmaysoonbeavailableandcouldgreatlyimpactcargologistics.Consideringallthatgoesintodrivingtheselargervehicles,it’samazingthatwecouldsoonhavethatkindoftechnology.

M:Ha,I’vegoneonestepfurther.Iregisteredtotakeasafe-drivingcoursetoimprovemyreal-lifedrivingskills.Inaway,IfeellikeIhaveaheadstartcomparedtootherstudentsintheclass.Playingthisvideogamehasgivenmesomemaneuveringpracticesalready.

W:I’mnotsurehowaccuratethevideogameiscomparedtoreal-lifesituations.[4]Butifitresultsinmoredriverslookingbothwaysbeforeenteringanintersection,I’dsaythat’sapositiveoutcome.

1.What’rethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是两位说话人正在谈论的主题。对话开头女士便说道:“这和我以前玩的任何一款电子游戏都不一样”(UnlikeanyvideogameI’veeverplayedbefore...),接下来的对话也都是围绕着一款电子游戏(videogame)进行展开,因此C选项“电子游戏”正确。A选项“交通路线”和D选项“货物物流”只是与这款游戏的具体内容和设置有关,不是说话人谈论的主题;B选项“驾驶考试”也只是谈话中提到的部分内容,不是谈话主题,因此排除。

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthedrivingsimulator?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问关于这款驾驶模拟游戏,男士说了什么?录音中男士提到他惊讶的发现这款游戏既有教育意义(educational),场景又逼真(realistic),A选项中的instructive“富有教育意义的”是对录音中educational的同义替换,而realistic是原词复现,因此A选项正确。B选项“去年他把它(这款游戏)介绍给了他的兄弟”与录音表述恰好相反,应该是男士的兄弟将这款游戏介绍给了他,因此B选项不正确;C选项“他真的被其他版本吸引住了”主要是利用otherversions设置干扰,选择主要是错在“drawn(吸引)”一词,这一信息录音并没有提及,因此C选项排除;D选项“这是他在欧洲旅行时买的”在录音中没有提及,因此也可排除。

3.Whatdoesthewomansayshereallyappreciates?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士说她真正欣赏这款游戏的哪一点?录音中女士明确表示,她真的很喜欢这款游戏中的所有细节,因此B选项“驾驶模拟游戏中的细节”正确。A选项“物流业的关键作用”,录音中只是提及这款游戏让女士对物流业和道路交通有了全新的认识,并不是女士真正欣赏的地方,因此A选项与题干不符;C选项“从一个城市开车到另一个城市”是女士对游戏内容的描述,与题干不符;D选项“游遍全国”在录音中没有信息表明,因此排除。

4.Whatoutcomedoesthewomanexpectfromthedrivingsimulator?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问女士期望这款模拟驾驶游戏能带来什么样的结果?对话最后,女士说:“如果这款游戏能让更多的司机在进入十字路口时多往两边看一眼,那么我会说这是一个积极的结果。”由此可知,女士希望这款游戏能够让更多的司机在开车时多注意交通安全,B选项“更多的人安全驾驶”与录音表述的内容相符,因此正确。A选项“更严格的交通规则”,女士只是说希望开车的人能自觉注意交通安全,并未提及制定严格的交通规则,因此不正确;C选项“更清楚的路标”在录音中没有信息提及;D选项“路上出现更多的自动驾驶卡车”是女士所读过的文章中的观点,并不是女士所期望的结果,因此不正确。

13.单选题

Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Itdoesn’tseemtoofferasmuchfreedomasheanticipated.

B.Itisn’tsomotivatingashebelieved.

C.Itisn’tsoenjoyableasheexpected.

D.Itdoesn’tenablehimtoearnasmuchmoneyasheusedto.

问题2选项

A.Fewofthemareawareoftheiremployees’feelings.

B.Notallofthemcareabouttheiremployees’behaviors.

C.Notallofthemknowhowtomotivatetheiremployees.

D.Fewofthemofferpraiseandrewardtotheiremployees.

问题3选项

A.Self-awareness.

B.Autonomy.

C.Jobsatisfaction.

D.Money.

问题4选项

A.Theimportanceofcultivatingcloserelationshipswithclients.

B.Thewaytoexploreemployees’interestsandtalents.

C.Theadvantagesofpermanentfull-timeemployment.

D.Theneedforgettingrecommendationsfromtheirmanagers.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

【解析】ConversationTwo

W:Howdoyoulikebeingself-employed?

M:Thereareobviousbenefits,[5]thoughIdon’tseemtohavethefreedomIanticipatedasIjustdon’tseemabletodeclineworkoffers.Andworkingalone,therehavebeentimeswhenI’vefoundthatmoneyaloneprovidesinsufficientmotivation.Haveyouexperiencedthesamesinceyoubeganworkingforyourself?

W:Sometimes,yes,unliketherestoftheworkforcewhohavemanagerstopromptmotivationwheneverthey’refeelinglazyorbored,weself-employedworkersperformourjobswithoutamanagertoliftourspirits.There’snoonearoundtoofferpraiseorinitiatecollaboration,noonetomakegreateruseofourinterestsandtalents.

M:That’safact.Noteverymanagerbehaveswithsuchawarenessandcareofcourse,[6]andcertainlynotallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople.Still,havingamanagernearbyatleastindicatesthere’sanopportunity:there’llbedecentenoughtolookoutforyouwhenyourenergyandfocusbegintodeplete.

W:[7]ThemotivatorIvaluemostisautonomy.I’velearnednottosacrificemyprizedautonomybyworkingallhoursoftheday,andbysayingyestoeveryclient’srequest.

M:[7]Yes,IneedtoremindmyselfthatIselectedthislifestylefortheindependence.Idon’tmissaspectsofpermanentfull-timeemploymentIdisliked,suchastheofficepolitics,jobinsecurity,inflexiblehoursandsoon.Iwouldn’tmindabitmoreintheformofpraisethough,praisewhichisontherecord.

W:That’llcomewithtime.Relatednessisinevitablycultivatedviahumaninteraction,engagingwithclients,gettingwrittentestimonyandrecommendations,stayingincontactwithclientsafterwards.Thesearethingsyou’llfindwillcomeinduecourseandprovideyouwithmotivation.

M:You’reright.That’sanareaIdoneedtoputsomemoreeffortinto—[8]buildingcloserrelationshipswiththosewhoengagemyservicesandskills.

5.Whatdoesthemansayabouthislifeofbeingself-employed?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问的是男士对自己的自主创业生活的看法。录音中提及男士似乎并未享受到他所期待的那种自由,因为他没办法拒绝工作邀约。由此可知,男士的自主创业生活并没有他所期望的那样自由自在,因此A选项正确。B选项“这并不像他所认为的那样能够调动积极性”,主要是利用motivation设置干扰,录音中男士说的是对于自主创业来说,有时候光靠钱并不能给人带来足够的动力,但并没有说过他曾认为自主创业能充分调动积极性,因此B选项不正确;C选项“这不如他所预期的那样有趣”和D选项“这使他不能像以前那样挣那么多钱了”在录音中没有信息提及,因此排除。

6.Whatdoesthemansayaboutmanagers?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问的是男士对管理者的看法。录音中男士提及,不是所有管理者都懂得如何去激励员工(notallmanagershaveacluehowtomotivatepeople),C选项是对录音原文的转述,因此正确。A选项“他们中很少有人意识到员工的感受”和B选项“不是所有管理者都在意员工的行为举止”在录音中并没有提及;D选项“他们中很少有人赞扬和奖励员工”,录音中男士提及的是并非所有管理者都知道如何激励自己的员工,但并没有说很少有管理者去赞扬和奖励员工,属于过度推断,因此排除。

7.Whatdobothspeakersvaluemostaboutself-employment?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问对于自主创业,两位说话者最看重的是什么?在讨论自主创业的驱动力或激励因素(motivator)时,女士先表示她最看重自主性(autonomy)。男士接着用Yes表示赞同,因此B选项“自主性”正确。A选项“自我意识”和C选项“工作满足感”在录音中没有信息提及;D选项“金钱”只是男士提到的其中一个因素,女士并未提及,而且男士说只有金钱作为驱动力是不够的,也就是说他最看重的并非是金钱,因此可排除。

8.Onwhatpointdoesthemanagreewiththewoman?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问男士在哪一点上与女士意见一致。录音的结尾部分,女士表示,工作中的相互关系是通过与客户来往并保持联系培养起来的,而这最终会带来工作上的动力。然后男士说“你说得对”,并表示要努力与他的服务对象建立更密切的关系,由此可知,双方一致认可与客户建立密切关系的重要性,因此A选项正确。B选项“挖掘员工兴趣和才能的方法”;C选项“长期全职工作的好处”和D选项“(员工)从管理者那里获取建议的需求”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此排除。

14.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Theywereproudoftheircuisine.

B.Theywereparticularaboutfood.

C.Theywereallgoodatcooking.

D.Theywerefondofbaconandeggs.

问题2选项

A.Hisparents.

B.Hisparents’friends.

C.Hisfriends.

D.Hisschoolmates.

问题3选项

A.Nooneofthegroupateit.

B.Itwasalittleovercooked.

C.Noteawasservedwiththemeal.

D.ItwastherealEnglishbreakfast.

问题4选项

A.Itwasfullofexcitement.

B.Itwasratherdisappointing.

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