2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号74

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Insurancecompaniesprovideaservicetothecommunitybyprotectingitagainstexpectedandunexpecteddisasters.Beforeaninsurancecompanywillagreetoinsureanything,itcollectsaccuratefiguresabouttherisk.Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.Thisenablesittoquote（报价）lowfiguresfortravelinsurance.Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.

Anordinaryhouseholdermaywishtoprotecthishomeagainstfireorhispropertyagainstburglary.Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.Ifitinsuresashopandthenreceivesasuspiciousclaim,itwillinvestigatetheclaimasameansofprotectingitselfagainstfalseclaims.Itisnotunknownforabusinessmanindebttoburndownhisownpremises（房产）sothathecanclaimmuchmoneyfromhisinsurancecompany.Hecanbesurethatthefirewillbeinvestigatedmostcarefully.Insurancecompaniesalsoacceptinsuranceagainstshipwreckordisasterintheair.Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.

Everyweekinsurancecompaniesreceivepremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.Thesepaymentscanformaverylargetotalrunningintomillionsofdollars.Thecompanydoesnotleavethemoneyinthebank.Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraphinthepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

2.Theword“quote”（Line3,Paragraph2）mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Fromthepassage,weknowthatifaccidentswillhappenninetimesoutoftenormore,theinsurancecompanywill（）.

4.Accordingtothepassage,ifanairplanehasanaccident-freerecord,itusuallypaystotheinsurancecompany（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingwilltheinsurancecompanyNOTprovideinsuranceservicefor?

6.Howdoinsurancecompaniesmakeprofit?

7.Themainideaofthelastparagraphis（）.

问题1选项

A.Apassengerbyairwilltakelessriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

B.Apassengerbyairwilltakegreaterriskofbeingkilledthanamancrossingabusyroad.

C.Apassengerbyairwillhavetopaymoretotheinsurancecompanythanamountainclimber.

D.Amotoristshouldpaythehighestpricetotheinsurancecompany.

问题2选项

A.receive

B.accept

C.take

D.offer

问题3选项

A.giveamuchhigherprice

B.quotethehighestprice

C.notprovideinsuranceservice

D.chargealowerpremium

问题4选项

A.alargepremium

B.lesspremium

C.nopremium

D.thesamepremiumastheothercompanies

问题5选项

A.Mountaineers.

B.Ordinaryhouseholders.

C.Airlineswithanaccidentfreerecord.

D.Shopkeeperswithsuspiciousstatisticalrecords.

问题6选项

A.Byreceivingpremiumpaymentsfromcustomers.

B.Bychargingcommissiontocustomers.

C.Byinvestinginsomeindustriesandproducts.

D.Byprovidingservices.

问题7选项

A.thattheinsurancecompanyisgreedyofprofit

B.thattheinsurancecompanymakeslargesumofmoneyeveryweek

C.thattheinsurancecompanymakesagreatprofitbyinvestingitsmoneyindifferentitem

D.toshowtheinsurancecompanymakesuseofitsincomeandthereasonwhyitshoulddoso

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】细节事实题。A：一名空中乘客被杀害的风险小于横穿交通繁忙的马路的行人。B：乘飞机的乘客比穿越繁忙道路的人面临更大的死亡风险。第一段指出：Itknows,forexample,thattheriskofamanbeingkilledinaplaneaccidentislessthantheriskhetakesincrossingabusyroad.（例如，它知道一个人在飞机事故中丧生的风险要小于他穿过一条繁忙的马路所冒的风险）。因此A项正确，B项错误。C：一名空中乘客必须比一名爬山者向保险公司支付更高的保费。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering（有时候，风险可能很高，就像在赛车或登山运动中的风险）。由此可知，赛车或登山运动中的风险比前面提到的空中遇难要高，C项错误。D：赛车手应该向保险公司支付最高的保费。文章并未提及此项。因此本题选A。

2.【试题解析】词义题。对于“quote”的理解可参考此句：Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（通常，保险公司会检查它的统计数据并给出保险费的……如果情况可疑，它可能会拒绝报价）。由此可知，“quote”表示“开价，报价”，故选D。

3.【试题解析】判断推理题。第一段指出：Sometimestheriskmaybehigh,asinmotor-racingormountaineering.Thenthecompanychargesamuchhigherprice.Iftoomanyclimbershaveaccidents,thepricerisesstillfurther.Ifthemajorityofclimbersfalloffmountains,thecompanywillrefusetoinsurethem.（有时风险可能很高，比如赛车或登山。然后公司会收取更高的价格。如果太多登山者发生事故，价格就会进一步上涨。如果大多数登山者从山上摔下来，公司将拒绝为他们投保）。由此可知，如果事故发生率为十分之九或更高，保险公司将拒保，故选C项“不提供保险服务”。

4.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段最后一句指出：Planesandshipsareveryexpensive,soalargepremiumischarged,butareductionisgiventocompanieswithanaccident-freerecord.（飞机和船舶非常昂贵，所以保费也很高，但是如果受保公司没有事故记录，保险公司将减少保费）。由此可知，如果航空公司没有事故记录，它通常会向保险公司支付较低的保费，因此B项正确。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ashop-keepermaywishtoinsureagainsttheft.Innormalcases,thecompanywillcheckitsstatisticsandquoteapremium（保险费）.Ifitissuspicious,itmayrefusetoquote.（店主可能希望投保防盗险。一般情况下，公司会对统计数据进行核对，然后追加报价。如有可疑情况，公司可能会拒绝报价）。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。最后一段指出：Itinvestsinproperty,shares,farmsandevenantiquepaintingsandstamps.Itsaimistoobtainthebestpossiblereturnonitsinvestment.Thisisnotasgreedyasitmayseem,sincethisisonewaybywhichitcankeepitspremiumsdownandcontinuetomakeaprofitwhilebeingofservicetothecommunity.（它投资于房地产、股票、农场，甚至古董绘画和邮票。它的目的是获得最好的投资回报。这并不像看起来那么贪婪，因为这是一种方法，使保险公司能够降低保费为投保对象提供服务的同时继续盈利）。由此可知，C项“通过投资一些行业和产品”正确。

7.【试题解析】主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲的是保险公司如何利用收取的保费进行投资、降低保费继续盈利进而造福社会，因此D项“说明保险公司利用其收入和为什么这么做的原因”比较符合最后一段大意。

2.单选题

Afteraslowsalesstartearlyintheyear,mobilehomeshavebeengainingfavorasan（）toincreasinglyexpensiveconventionalhousing.

问题1选项

A.option

B.alternative

C.supplement

D.addition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项option“选项；选择权；买卖的特权”；B选项alternative“替换物，替代品”；C选项supplement“增补，补充”；D选项addition“添加；加法；增加物”。句意：在销售放缓在这一年早些时候开始出现后，流动房屋作为日益昂贵的传统房屋的一种替代物而一直受到青睐。结合句意，B选项正确。

3.单选题

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

问题1选项

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使……中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。

4.单选题

（1）weallhaveguiltypleasures,ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsensethatwewouldbebetteroff（2）ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries,andsavingmoneyover（3）spendingit.Butwouldwebehappier?

Ourresearchshowsthatforgoingindulgencestodaycan（4）strongregretslater,andthatnear-termregretsaboutself-indulgencedramatically（5）withtime.Theseresponsesaresostrongthatwewereabletoinfluencepeople’sbuyingbehaviorsimplybyaskingthemto（6）theirlong-termregrets.

Oneofourstudies—publishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch—（7）theregretsfeltbycollegestudents（8）theirconductonrecentwinterbreaksandbyalumnirememberingwinterbreaksof40yearsago.Regretabout（9）ortraveledmoreduringbreaksincreasedwithtime,whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime.Wesawa（10）patterninastudyof（11）businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.Overtime,thosewhohadindulgedfelt（12）guiltyabouttheirchoices,whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowingsenseofhaving（13）onthepleasuresoflife.

Peoplewhoundulyresistself-indulgence（14）fromanexcessivefarsightedness,orhyperopia—thereverseoftypicalself-controlproblem.（15）yieldingtotemptation,theyfocuson（16）necessitiesandactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral.（17）,theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy.Theirhyperopiacaninhibitconsumptioninwaysthatarebothbadfortheirownwell-beingandformarketers’bottomlines.Wedon’tadvocate（18）tomotivateconsumptiontomakeill-consideredpurchases,ofcourse,butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoicesthatthey’ll—（19）overthelongterm.

Inanotherstudy,forthcomingintheJournalofMarketingResearch,fifty-sevenconsumerswereasked（20）ofashoppingmalltriptoconsidertwo（21）:buyinganexpensiveitemofclothingthatwouldmakethemhappy,orbuyingacheaperalternativethatwould（22）themtospendthesavedmoneyonmorepracticalthings.Halfwerethenaskedtopredictwhichofthetwochoiceswould（23）themthegreatestregretthenextday,whiletheotherhalfwereaskedtoconsidertheregrettheymightfeelovereachpurchaseseveralyearslater.

Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase.Aswe（24）,thosewhoanticipatedregretthenextday（25）tobuymorepracticalgoods;thosewhohadconsideredregretinthemoredistantfutureboughtmoreindulgentproducts.Inotherwords,thinkingaboutshort-termregretdrivesconsumerstobevirtuous,（26）thinkingaboutlong-termregretleadsthemtobeextravagant.

Ourfindingssuggestthatmarketersofluxuryproductsandleisureservicescould（27）frompromptingconsumerstopredicttheirfeelingsinthefutureiftheyforgotheindulgentchoice.Forinstance,atravelcompanymightaskcustomerstoconsiderhowthey’llfeelabouthaving（28）afamilyvacationpackageoncethenestisempty.

Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.InthewordsofthelateMassachusettssenatorPaulTsongas,“Nobodyonhisdeathbed（29）said,‘IwishI（30）moretimeattheoffice.’”

问题1选项

A.Though

B.When

C.Unless

D.That

问题2选项

A.inthelongrun

B.inthemeantime

C.intheend

D.intime

问题3选项

A.deliberately

B.impulsively

C.consciously

D.compulsively

问题4选项

A.grow

B.increase

C.feed

D.arouse

问题5选项

A.decrease

B.vanish

C.shrink

D.fade

问题6选项

A.anticipate

B.realize

C.abandon

D.recall

问题7选项

A.investigated

B.explored

C.examined

D.involved

问题8选项

A.on

B.above

C.over

D.with

问题9选项

A.havingspent

B.nottospend

C.notspending

D.nothavingspent

问题10选项

A.similar

B.different

C.alike

D.related

问题11选项

A.how

B.what

C.where

D.why

问题12选项

A.moreandmore

B.thesame

C.lessandless

D.no

问题13选项

A.turnedout

B.missedout

C.madeout

D.figuredout

问题14选项

A.meet

B.undergo

C.endure

D.suffer

问题15选项

A.Ratherthan

B.Morethan

C.Lessthan

D.Otherthan

问题16选项

A.requiring

B.inquiring

C.acquiring

D.enquiring

问题17选项

A.Infact

B.Sofar

C.Asaresult

D.Atpresent

问题18选项

A.beingtried

B.try

C.totry

D.trying

问题19选项

A.regret

B.appreciate

C.decline

D.value5

问题20选项

A.inpublic

B.inadvance

C.ingeneral

D.indetail

问题21选项

A.chances

B.opportunities

C.capabilities

D.possibilities

问题22选项

A.allow

B.lead

C.make

D.demand

问题23选项

A.attract

B.cause

C.render

D.create

问题24选项

A.expected

B.knew

C.saw

D.told

问题25选项

A.inclined

B.liked

C.tended

D.leaned

问题26选项

A.unless

B.although

C.when

D.whereas

问题27选项

A.originate

B.derive

C.benefit

D.result

问题28选项

A.passedup

B.turnedup

C.madeup

D.takenup

问题29选项

A.even

B.never

C.still

D.ever

问题30选项

A.spend

B.hadspent

C.spent

D.wouldspend

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:A

第8题:C

第9题:D

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:B

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:C

第18题:D

第19题:B

第20题:B

第21题:D

第22题:A

第23题:B

第24题:A

第25题:C

第26题:D

第27题:C

第28题:A

第29题:D

第30题:B

【解析】1.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。选项后“weallhaveguiltypleasures”，中文翻译为：我们都有罪恶的快乐。下文又说“ourday-to-daydecisionsareusuallygovernedbyadeep-seatedsense…”，中文翻译为：我们日常的决定通常是由一种根深蒂固的感觉所支配的……可知选项处应表示转折，故A项最符合。

2.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文出现的“near-termregrets近期遗憾”“long-termregrets长期遗憾”以及“overthelongterm长期来看”可知A选项“从长远看”正确。

3.【试题解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项deliberately“故意地；谨慎地”；B选项impulsively“冲动地；有推动力地”；C选项consciously“自觉地；有意识地”；D选项compulsively“强制地，强迫地”。联系上文“ifwefavoredworkoverleisure,necessitiesoverluxuries”中文翻译为：如果我们重视工作而不是休闲、选择必需品而不是奢侈品，推断出空格处选B。

4.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项grow“使生长；种植；扩展”；B选项increase“增加”；C选项feed“喂养”；D选项arouse“引起”。根据语境和句意，后面搭配strongregrets，译为“强烈的遗憾”可知D选项正确。

5.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合后文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoneyduringbreaksdecreasedwithtime”，中文大意为：面对于没有在休息时间工作、学习或存钱的遗憾则随着时间的推移而减少。因此判断出空格处表示减少的意思，A选项正确。

6.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项anticipate“预料，期望”；B选项realize“实现；认识到；了解”；C选项abandon“遗弃；放弃”；D选项recall“召回；回想起，记起；取消”。联系下文“anticipatedregret”意为：预料遗憾，可知A选项正确。

7.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项investigate“调查；研究”；B选项explore“探索；探测；探险”；C选项examine“检查；审查”；D选项involve“包含；牵涉；使陷于”。由前文“ourstudies”，中文翻译为：我们的研究，可知A选项正确。

8.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。regretoversth.“对……感到遗憾（或后悔）”，故C选项正确。

9.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文whereasregretaboutnothavingworked,studiedorsavedmoney可知D选项正确。

10.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项similar“类似的”；B选项different“不同的；个别的，与众不同的”；C选项alike“相似的；相同的”；D选项related“有关系的”。结合下文betweenworkandpleasure“在工作和娱乐之间”可知该空格处应表示类似的模式。因此可知A选项正确。

11.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“businesspeopleperceivedpastchoicesbetweenworkandpleasure.”中文翻译为：商人看待在工作和娱乐之间过去的选择。判断出正确答案为A“如何”。

12.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。对应下文“whereasthosewhohadbeendutifulexperiencedagrowing”中文翻译为：然而，过去尽职的那些人经历日益增强的……判断出最符合语境句意的选项为C“越来越少的”。

13.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。missouton“错过机会”，故选B。

14.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“anexcessivefarsightedness”中文翻译为：一种过度的远见，可知此处对应D项“遭受”。

15.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系下文“theyfocuson...andactingresponsiblyandtheyseeindulgenceaswasteful,irresponsible,andevenimmoral”中文翻译为：他们专注于……做事负责且他们将放纵看成是浪费的、不负责的甚至不道德的。结合“yieldingtotemptation”“屈服于诱惑”判断应选A“而不是”。

16.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项require“需要；要求”；B选项inquire“询问；查究；问明”；C选项acquire“获得；学到；捕获”；D选项enquire“询问；调查；问候”。结合下文necessities“必需品”，可知最佳答案为C。

17.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。根据下文“theseconsumersavoidpreciselytheproductsandexperiencesthattheymostenjoy”中文翻译为：这些消费者恰恰避开他们极其喜爱的这些产品和经历，可以判断出选项处应表示“结果”。答案为C。

18.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。advocatedoingsth.“提倡做某事”，并且此处为主动语态。答案为D。

19.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项regret“后悔；惋惜；哀悼”；B选项appreciate“感激；领会”；C选项decline“谢绝；婉拒”；D选项value“评价；重视”。由上文butmarketerscanhelpcustomersmakeappropriatelyindulgentchoices“但是市场营销者能帮助消费者做出适当放纵的选择”和下文overthelongterm“从长期来看”可以推测出答案为B。

20.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项inpublic“公开地，当众”；B选项inadvance“预先，提前”；C选项ingeneral“总之”；D选项indetail“详细地”。结合下文Aftertheshoppingtrip“在购物之旅后”可以判断出最符合的答案是选项B。

21.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项chance“机会，际遇；运气”；B选项opportunity“时机，机会”；C选项capability“才能，能力；性能，容量”；D选项possibility“可能性；可能发生的事物”。联系下文可知正确选项为D。

22.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”。可知A选项为最佳答案。

23.【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项cause“引起；使遭受；给……带来”；C选项render“致使；提出”；D选项create“创造，创作”。结合后文“thegreatestregret”中文翻译为：最大的遗憾，可知最佳答案为B。

24.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合上文“Aftertheshoppingtrip,weexaminedtheconsumers’actualpurchase”中文翻译为：在这个购物之旅后，我们检查了这些消费者实际购买的东西，可以判断选项A“如我们所料”正确。

25.【试题解析】考查固定搭配。tendtodosth.“倾向于做某事”，结合上下文可知答案为C。

26.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。A选项unless“除非，如果不”；B选项although“尽管；虽然”；C选项when“当……时”；D选项whereas“然而”。由上文“whereasregretaboutnothavingworked”可知此处应该表示“然而”，故答案为D。

27.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。结合下文“Consumers,too,canbenefitfromsuchprompts.”，中文翻译为：消费者也可以从这些提示中受益，可知C为最佳答案。

28.【试题解析】考查逻辑关系。联系上文“forgotheindulgentchoice”，中文翻译为：放弃这个放纵的选择，和下文“afamilyvacation”，中文翻译为：一个家庭度假，可知此处应为forgo的近义词，故选A。

29.【试题解析】考查词义。A选项even“甚至，连，即使；更加”；B选项never“从未；决不”；C选项still“仍然；静止地”；D选项ever“永远；曾经；究竟”。联系上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，判断出D为最佳答案。

30.【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上文“Nobodyonhisdeathbed”中文翻译为：没有人在弥留之际，以及空格前的wish可知此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用would/couldhavedone。可知答案为B。

5.单选题

Recentfindingsindicatethatbirdscanalsousethemagneticfieldoftheearthasanaidto（）.

问题1选项

A.criterion

B.orientation

C.standard

D.guideline

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项criterion“标准；规范；准则”；B选项orientation“定位；适应；向东方”；C选项standard“标准；度量衡标准”；D选项guideline“指导方针”。句意：最近的调查结果表明，鸟类也能使用地球磁场作为定位的辅助手段。结合句意，B选项正确。

6.单选题

ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.Thisstrategyfollowsfromtheargumentthatclosingentireinstitutionssavesmoremoneythanclosingtheequivalentnumberofbedsscatteredthroughoutthehealthsystem.

Theissueisnotthesimple.Largerhospitalsgenerallyaredesignedtoprovidemorecomplexcare.Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.Therefore,closureofallthesmallhospitalswouldcommitthecitytopayingconsiderablymoreforinpatientcaredeliveredatacutecarehospitalsthanwouldbethecasewithamixtureoflargeandsmallinstitutions.Sincereimbursementratesatthelargehospitalsarenowbasedontotalcosts,payingthelargeinstitutionsalowerrateforroutinecarewouldsimplyraisetheratesforcomplexcarebyacomparableamount.Suchareimbursementrateadjustmentmightmakethechargesforeachindividualcasemoreaccuratelyreflecttheactualcosts,buttherewouldbenoreductioninthetotalcosts.

Thereissomeevidencethatgianthospitalsarenotthemostefficient.Serviceorganizations—andmedicalcareremainslargelyaserviceindustry―frequentlyfindthatsavingsofscalehaveanupperlimit.Similarly,thequalityofroutinecareintheverylargesthospitalsappearstobelessthanoptimum.Also,theconcentrationofallhospitalbedsinafewlocationsmayaffecttheaccesstocare.

Thussimplyclosingthesmallerhospitalswillnotnecessarilysavemoneyorimprovethequalityofcare.

Sincethefactremainsthattherearetoomanyacutecarehospitalbedsinthecity,theproblemistodeviseaproperstrategyforselectingandurgingtheclosureoftheexcessbeds,howevermanyitmayturnouttobe.

Theclosingofwholebuildingswithinlargemedicalcentershadmanyofthecostadvantagesofclosingthewholeofsmallinstitutions,becausethefixedcostscanalsobereducedinsuchcases.Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.

Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisesanotherpossibility.Somefloorsorotherlargecompactareasofhospitalscouldbetransferredfrominpatienttoambulatoryuses.Reimbursementofambulatoryservicesischaotic,buttheproblemisbeingaddressed.Theoverheadassociatedwiththeentirehospitalshouldnotbechargedevenproratetotheambulatoryfacilities.Evenifitwere,thetotalcostwouldprobablybelessthanthatofbuildingofanewfacility.Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.

ThePlanningCommissionlanguageseemstoimplythatonereasonforclosingsmallerhospitalsisthattheyare“mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary”,thus,preservingthepublichospitalsystembymakingtherestofthehospitalsystemabsorbtheneededcuts.Itisimportanttopreservethepublichospitalsystemformanyreasons,buttheissueshouldbefaceddirectlyandnothiddenbehindargumentsabouthospitalsizeifindeedthatwasthemeaning.

1.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

2.ThePlanningCommissionisaccusedbytheauthorofbeing（）.

3.Theauthor’spurposeindiscussingambulatorycareisto（）.

4.Withwhichofthefollowingistheauthorleastlikelytoagree?

5.Howdoestheauthorfeelthathissuggestionsforclosinginpatientbedscouldimpactontheambulatorycaresystem?

问题1选项

A.MaintainingAdequateHospitalFacilities

B.DefendingthePublicHospitals

C.ProtectingtheProprietaryandVoluntaryHospitals

D.EconomicEfficiencyinHospitalBedClosings

问题2选项

A.unfair

B.foolish

C.shortsighted

D.ignorant

问题3选项

A.discussalternativestoclosinghospitalbeds

B.presentamethodofreducingthefiscaldisadvantagesofclosingonlypartsoflargerhospitals

C.helppreservethepublichospitalsystem

D.attacktheinefficientuseofspaceonlargerhospitals

问题4选项

A.Aproposaltosavecostsinaprisonsystembybuildingonlyverylargeprisoncomplexes.

B.Aplantostoptheclosingofanybedswhatsoeverinthecity,untilthecostsofvariousalternativescanbefullyconsidered.

C.Aproposalbyanarchitecturefirmthatnewhospitalbuildingshavecentralizedrecordsystem.

D.Amayoralcommissionbeingformedtostudytheplightoftheelderly.

问题5选项

A.Ambulatorycarecostswillprobablybereduced.

B.Areductionofhospitalbedswillincreasethedemandforambulatoryservices.

C.Smallerhospitalswillhavetocutbackambulatoryservicestostayfiscallyviable.

D.Theuseasambulatoryfacilitiesofthespacemadeavailableinlargehospitalsbybedclosingsmightresultinhavingtoomanyambulatoryservicesbasedinlargehospitals.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到原文首段主旨句“ThePlanningCommissionassertsthattheneededreductioninacutecarehospitalbedscanbestbeaccomplishedbyclosingthesmallerhospitals,mainlyvoluntaryandproprietary.”中文翻译为：规划委员会声称医院急症护理床位所需的减少能最好地通过关闭较小的医院（主要是慈善和私立医院）来完成。结合后文，D选项“医院床位关闭的经济效率”符合题意。

2.【试题解析】推理判断题。A:unfair“不公平的”；B:foolish“愚蠢的”；C:shortsighted“目光短浅的”；D:ignorant“无知的”。通读全文可知，规划委员会主张关闭一些小型医院，而作者分析了直接关闭一些小型医院这一方案存在的弊端，并提出了可供选择的合理的解决方法，因此判断出答案为C。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干关键词ambulatorycare可以定位到文章第七段“Thecurrentlackofadequateambulatorycarefacilitiesraisedanotherpossibility.”中文翻译为：目前合适的门诊医疗设备的缺乏提供了另外一种可能，以及原文第六段“Unfortunately,manyoftheseparatebuildingsatmedicalcentersarespecialusefacilities,therelocationofwhichisextremelycostly.Still,asearchshouldbemadeforsuchopportunities.”中文翻译为：不幸的是，医疗中心的很多独立的建筑都有其特殊的职能，改变这些建筑成本将会非常高。但还是需要去寻求这样的机会。可知答案为B项“提出减少仅仅关闭大医院中的部分区域的财政劣势的方法”。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段“Routinecareatlargehospitalscostsmorethanthesamecaregivenatsmallerhospitals.”中文翻译为：大医院的常规护理费用会高于小医院。”可以判断A项“一项通过只是修建超大型监狱综合设施来节省监狱系统成本的提议”和作者观点有悖，故选A。

5.【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到原文倒数第二段“Manyotherissueswouldalsoneedstudy,especiallythepotentialover-centralizationofambulatoryservices.”中文翻译为：很多其他问题也需要研究，尤其是非卧床医疗服务的潜在过度集中。可知答案为D“将因关闭床位而在大医院空出来的空间用作流动性设施可能导致很多流动服务设立在大医院中”。

7.单选题

Ourvacationtothetropicalbeachresortwasvery（）untilthehurricanecame.

问题1选项

A.adverse

B.maximum

C.constrained

D.serene

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；B选项maximum“最多的；最大极限的”；C选项constrained“拘泥的；被强迫的；不舒服的”；D选项serene“平静的；晴朗的”。句意：在这场暴风来临之前，我们去热带海滩度假胜地的度假是非常平静的。结合此处语义，D选项正确。

8.单选题

Rockswhichhavesolidifieddirectlyfrommoltenmaterialsarecalledigneousrocks.Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.Igneousrockscomposethegreaterpartoftheearth’scrust,buttheyaregenerallycoveredatthesurfacebyarelativelythinlayerofsedimentaryormetamorphicrocks.Igneousrocksaredistinguishedbythefollowingcharacteristics:(1)theycontainnofossils;(2)theyhavenoregulararrangementoflayersand(3)theyarenearlyalwaysmadeupofcrystals.

Sedimentaryrocksarecomposedlargelyofminutefragmentsderivedfromthedisintegrationofexistingrocksandinsomeinstancesfromtheremainsofanimals.Assedimentsaretransported,individualfragmentsareassortedaccordingtosize.Distinctlayersofsuchsedimentsasgravel,sand,andclaybuildup,astheyaredepositedbywaterandoccasionallywind.Thesesedimentsvaryinsizewiththematerialandthepoweroftheerodingagent.Sedimentarymaterialsarelaiddowninlayerscalledstrata.

Whensedimentshardenintosedimentaryrocks,thenamesappliedtothemchangetoindicatethechangeinphysicalstate.Thus,smallstonesandgravelcementedtogetherareknownasconglomerates;cementedsandbecomessandstone;andhardenedclaybecomesshale.Inadditiontothese,othersedimentaryrockssuchaslimestonefrequentlyresultfromthedepositionofdissolvedmaterial.Theingredientpartsarenormallyprecipitatedbyorganicsubstances,suchasshellsofclamsorhardskeletonsofothermarinelife.

Bothigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybechangedbypressure,heat,solution,orcementingaction.Whenindividualgrainsfromexistingrockstendtodeformandinterlock,theyarecalledmetamorphicrocks.Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.Limestone,asedimentaryrock,whensubjectedtoheatandpressuremaybecomemarble,ametamorphicrock.Shaleunderpressurebecomesslate.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingaresedimentaryrocksEXCEPT（）.

3.Thepassagewouldbemostlikelytoappearina（）.

4.Therelationshipbetweenigneousandsedimentaryrocksmaybestbecomparedtotherelationshipbetween（）.

5.Theauthor’stoneinthepassagecanbebestdescribedas（）.

问题1选项

A.explainthefactorsthatmaycauserockstochangeinform

B.showhowthescientificnamesofrocksreflecttherock’scomposition

C.defineanddescribeseveraldiversekindsofrocks

D.differentiatebetweendifferentkindsofigneousrocks

问题2选项

A.shale

B.schist

C.sand

D.gravel

问题3选项

A.newspaperfeatureexplaininghowoilisfound

B.pamphletpromotingconservationofnaturalresources

C.teachingmanualaccompanyinganearthsciencetext

D.nonfictionbookexplainingwheretofindfossils

问题4选项

A.waterandland

B.sandandclay

C.nucleusandcellwall

D.leavesandcompost

问题5选项

A.objective

B.meditative

C.concerned

D.ironic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石。因此判断C项“定义和描述了几种不同种类的岩石”正确。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到原文尾段“Forexample,granite,anigneousrock,maybemetamorphosedintoagneissoraschist.”，中文大意为：例如，属于火成岩的花岗岩，可能变形成片麻岩或结晶片岩。B选项“片岩”正确，符合题意。

3.【试题解析】推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章描述了igneousrocks火成岩、sedimentaryrocks沉积岩及metamorphicrocks变质岩这三种岩石，判断C选项“附带在地球科学课本上的教学手册”，正确。

4.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干关键词igneousandsedimentaryrocks可以定位到原文第一段“Igneousrocksarecommonlyreferredtoasprimaryrocksbecausetheyaretheoriginalsourceofmaterialfoundinsedimentariesandmetamorphics.”，中文翻译为：火成岩通常被称为原生岩，因为它们是在沉淀物和变质物体中被发现的原材料。故选D“树叶和（树叶）堆肥”。

5.【试题解析】观点态度题。通读全文，作者的对三种岩石的描述都客观的。因此A选项“客观的”符合题意。

9.单选题

Whatisthebestwoodtoburninthehomefireplace?Choosethekindofwoodtoburnislikechoosingabottleofwine.Eachchoiceyoucanmakehassomethingdiffer