2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号100

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-东北师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Mostcharismatic（有魅力的）leadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes（趣闻轶事）.Message-sendinganecdotesrelatetosuchsubjectsasacompanypresidentgoingoutofhiswaytohelpanindividualcustomer,oralower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities.Inthelatterinstance,areceptionistatIBMdeniedadmissiontothecompanychairman,TomWatson,becausehewasnotwearingasecuritybadge.Insteadoffiringtheyoungwoman,Watsonpraisedherdevotiontoduty.

Severalyearsago,theFordMotorCompanyannouncedfar-reachingchangesthatwouldaffecthowcarsweremanufacturedandhowemployeeswouldworktogether.AseniorFordexecutivewaschosentodelivertheclosingremarkstoagroupof300Fordmanagersgatheredtolearnaboutthechanges.

Towardthecloseofthespeech,theexecutivetoldastoryaboutWillieB.,agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo.Hesaidthathehadraisedmoneyforastate-of-the-artgorillahabitat.WillieB.,forthefirsttimeinhislife,wouldnowliveinagorilla-friendly,close-to-natureenvironment.Yetsomehow,WillieB.wasslowtoadapttohisnewenvironment.

Ittookthegorillaseveraldaystofullyexplorehisnewhabitat.AphotographercaughtthemomentwhenWillieB.testedthegrasswithatoe.TheFordexecutivehangsaframedphotographofthisincidentinhisoffice.“It'sthere,”hesaid,“toremindmethatnomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace—evenanuglycramped（狭窄的）space---thatyouknowwell.”

Atthemomentthemeetingended,meetingparticipantscameovertothespeakertoexpresshowmuchthespeechhadtouchedthem.Thestoryaboutthegorillabroughttearstotheeyesofmany.Ofsignificancetotheorganization,manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecoiningchangesweregoingtobeforemployees.

Becominganeffectivestorytellerrequirespractice.However,theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability.Createausefulanecdotefileofyourown.Collectanecdotesaboutthingsyouobservepersonally,thoseyouhearfromothers,andthoseyoureadinbooks,magazines,andnewsletters.Anecdotescanalsobefoundinbooksandnewslettersaboutspeechmaking.Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences.

1.WhydidTomWatsonpraisethefemaleemployeeinthesecondexamplecitedinthefirstparagraph?

2.ThelifeofWillieB.usedtobe（

）.

3.ThestoryofWillieB.showsthat

（

）.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.WecansafelyconcludefromthepassagethattheFordseniorexecutive（

）.

问题1选项

A.Becauseshealwaysreceivesthecompanychairmanwarmly.

B.Becauseshedefied,lower-rankingemployees.

C.Becauseshewasaresponsibleemployee.

D.Becausesheneverforgetstowearasecuritybadge.

问题2选项

A.interesting

B.morecomfortable

C.closetonature

D.isolated

问题3选项

A.ittakestimeandcouragetofaceandadapttoanewenvironment

B.animalsarequitereluctanttochangetheirhabitats

C.WillieB.likestotestgrasswithonetoe

D.peoplearealwaysreadytomeetthedifficultiesresultingfromchanges

问题4选项

A.Manyacharismaticleadertendstomakethemostofanecdotesandstories.

B.Itisalwaysagoodideatocollectanecdotesthatarewidelyused.

C.Personalmagnetismisbuiltupbyreadingbooks,magazinesandnewsletters.

D.Tobecomeaneffectivestory-telleronehasonlytocreateausefulanecdotefile.

问题5选项

A.wasaneffectiveleaderwhoalwaystoldstoriestohisemployees

B.wasapersonwhooftencitedwidely-usedanecdotestoinfluenceothers

C.wasabletohelpmeetingparticipantsunderstandthecomingchangesbetter

D.alwaysusedanecdotestohelpemployeesunderstandcompanypolicies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句指出:...alower-rankingemployeewhodefiedhigherauthorityinordertomeetherjobresponsibilities(一个低职位员工违抗高级别领导，是为了履行其工作职贵),由此可知答案选C“因为她是一个有责任心的员工”。

2.细节事实题。第三段指出:...agorillawholivedfortwenty-sevenyearsinisolationinadrearyAtlantazoo(在亚特兰大一个被隔离且沉闷的动物园内生活27年的大猩猩),可知D项“隔离的”正确。

3.判断推理题。第四段:nomatterhowattractivethenewsurroundingsmightappear,ittakestimeandcouragetoleavethecomfortablesecurityofaplace(无论新环境多么有吸引力，都得花时间，且需要勇气离开舒适安全的地方)。由此可知选A项“面对与适应新的环境是花时间且需要勇气的”。

4.细节事实题。根据第一段第一句Mostcharismaticleadersmakeextensiveuseofanecdotes(大部分有魅力的领导人都懂得充分利用轶事)推断A项“许多有魅力的领导会充分利用各类奇闻轶事与故事”正确。根据文章最后一句话Attempttoscreenoutthoseanecdotesthatarewidelyusedbecausestaleanecdotesboreaudiences(尽量排除那些被广泛引用的轶事，因为它们会让听众感到乏味)推断B“收集被广泛运用的轶事是一个很不错的主意”与原文不符。根据文章最后一段的theskilliswellworthdevelopingbecauseofitscontributiontoaperson’smagnetismandleadershipability(这项技能是非常值得学习的，因为它能帮助打造个人魅力和领导才能)推断C项“通过阅读书籍、杂志和时事新闻，可以打造个人魅力”与原文不符。文章并没有说要想成为一个高效的讲故事者，只需制作一个有用的奇闻轶事记录册。故D项没有根据。因此选A。

5.判断推理题。第二段指出:manyprobablylefttheconferencewithanunderstandingofhowdifficultthecomingchangesweregoingtobeforemployees(在离会时很多人可能都了解了接下来的改变对员工来说意味着多大的困难),因此C项“能够帮助与会人员更好理解即将到来的变化”正确。而A项“是个高效率的领导，且习惯于向员工讲故事”和B项“是个经常喜欢引经据典影响他人的人”在原文中并没有体现。D项“习惯于引经据典帮助员工理解公司政策的人”,文章中也找不到根据。

2.单选题

IwasawfullytiredwhenIgothomefromwork,butahalf-hournap（

）me.

问题1选项

A.revived

B.released

C.relieved

D.recovered

【答案】A

【解析】句意:我下班回家的时候累极了，但半小时的小睡又使我振作起来。

动词辨析。revive（使）苏醒，复活;release释放;relieve缓解，减轻;recover康复。A项符合句意。

3.单选题

Hisofficeiswithin（

）fromthepostoffice.

问题1选项

A.astone’sthrow

B.athrowofastone

C.stone’sthrow

D.thestone’sthrow

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他的办公室与该邮局的距离在一步之遥内。

固定搭配。astone'sthrow—步之遥

4.单选题

（

）atinhisway,thesituationdoesnotseemsodesperate.

问题1选项

A.Looking

B.looked

C.Beinglooked

D.tolook

【答案】B

【解析】句意:该形势在他看来似乎没有如此令人沮丧。

语法题。考查被动语态。由句中主语是situation(形式),这里应该指代该形势被看。因此B项“looked”正确。

5.单选题

（

）memostwasthattheyoungboywhohadlostbotharmsinanaccidentcouldhandleapenwithhisfeet.

问题1选项

A.Thatamazed

B.Itamazed

C.Whichamazed

D.Whatamazed

【答案】D

【解析】句意:令我吃惊的是，这个在车祸中丧失双臂的年轻人能够用脚拿笔。

语法题。考查名词性从句。分析题干可知memost这部分在整个句子中作主语，因此这部分是主语从句。常用连接词what引导主语从句,故答案选项为D。

6.单选题

Thecriminalalwayspaid（

）cashsothepolicecouldnottrackhimdown.

问题1选项

A.on

B.by

C.for

D.in

【答案】D

【解析】句意:罪犯通常用现金支付，这样警察就没法逮捕到他。

固定搭配。payincash为固定用法,表示“用现金支付”。

7.翻译题

PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.

Inindustrializedcountries,machinesaccomplishtheverytiringphysicalworkthatunskilledlaborersusedtodoinbothmanufacturingandagriculture.

Imaginetheearthreducedtothesizeofamarblebutstillhavingthesamemassandastrongergravitationalpull,andyouhavesomeideaoftheforceofablackhole.

Aboveall,weshouldavoiddecidingwhatwethinkaboutpeopledifferentfromourselveswithoutfirsthavinglearnedagreatdealaboutthemandthekindoflivestheyhavetolive.

Theguidelinesdemandthatthepatientisexperiencingextremesuffering,thatthereisnochanceofacure,andthatthepatienthasmaderepeatedrequestsforeuthanasia.

Engineersworkingonotheradvancesaredesigningandexperimentingwithnewtypesofmetalhandsandfingers,givingrobotsasenseoftouch.

Electricpowerwastooimportanttohumanbeings.Shuttingitoffforevenashorttimewouldhavelettocompleteconfusion.

Successfulparentingbeginsbycommunicatingtochildrenthattheybelong,andarelovedfornootherreasonthanjustbecausetheyexist.

Withoutahealthyself-esteemtheymaycopebyactingoutproblemsratherthantalkingthemoutorbywithdrawingandremainingindifferenttowardthemselvesandothers.

Evidenceofthemoderationofthemajorpartiesisthatmuchbusinessisconductedacrosspartylines.

Ithasbeenfoundthatday-dreamingimprovesaperson’sabilitytobebetteradaptedtopractical,immediateconcerns,tosolveeverydayproblems,andtocomeupmorereadilywithnewideas.

【答案】在工业化国家，机器完成相当繁重的体力活，即非技术工人曾经在制造业和农业所做的工作。

设想一下地球缩小到玻璃弹子的大小，但仍然有同样的质量和重力，你就能对黑洞的力量有所了解了。

重要的是，在对与我们不同的人以及他们所过的生活有足够的了解之前，我们应当避免先入为主。

准则规定，当病人承受着极大的痛苦，没有治愈的可能，并且再三要求的情况下才能服用安乐死。

力争在其他方而有所突破的工程技术人员正在设计和试验新型金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。

电力对人类非常重要。短时间的电源切断都可能导致整体混乱。

成功的育儿之道源于让孩子知道，他们属于这个家庭，他们被宠爱,不因为别的，只因为他们自身的存在。

由于没有健康的自尊心，他们在处理问题时，不是提出问题，而是用行动把问题表现出来，或是退缩以及采取对自己和他人保持冷漠的态度。

主要政党采取温和的政策,证据是许多事务都是超越党派界限进行的。

研究发现，做白日梦能提高一个人的能力，使其能更好地适应实践性和紧急性的事务，来解决日常问题，并且能更快想出新的办法。

8.单选题

Wehadnowaytomeasuretheexactdistancewehadtraveled,butwethoughtitwas（

）fivemiles.

问题1选项

A.precisely

B.appropriately

C.approximately

D.apparently

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们没有办法精确测量我们的实际旅程，但是我们认为大概是5英里。

副词辨析。Precisely精确地;appropriately适当地;approximately大约，大概;apparently显然。因此C符合句意。

9.单选题

Hardlyadaygoesby（

）Iwritetomyfamily.

问题1选项

A.when

B.since

C.but

D.before

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我几乎每天都跟家人写信。

语法题。But在这里为关系词,相当于that+not。

10.单选题

（

）thepast,atthemomentitisafavoritechoiceforweddinggown.

问题1选项

A.Unpopularhasaswhitebeen

B.Whitehasbeenasunpopular

C.Unpopularhasbeenaswhite

D.Unpopularaswhitehasbeen

【答案】D

【解析】句意:尽管在过去白色不受欢迎，但是现在它是人们最喜欢的婚纱颜色。

语法题。考查让步状语从句。题干后半部分已经是一个完整句子,所以前半部分是由as引导的让步状语从句。as引导的让步状语从句必须用倒装结构，即将句中做表语的形容词提前,故选D。

11.单选题

Poetryisanaturalor（

）overflowofpowerfulfeelings.

问题1选项

A.spontaneous

B.simultaneous

C.instantaneous

D.homogeneous

【答案】A

【解析】句意:诗是自然而然，自发溢出的强烈的情感。

形容词辨析。Spontaneous自发的，自然的;simultaneous同吋的，同时发生的;instantaneous瞬间的，即时的;Homogeneous同种的，同质的。因此A符合句意。

12.单选题

Ashewasathoroughlyprofessionaljournalist,healreadyknewthemedia（

）.

问题1选项

A.insideandout

B.upsideanddown

C.toandfro

D.nowandthen

【答案】A

【解析】句意:因为他是一位十分专业的新闻工作者，所以他非常了解传媒。

短语辨析。insideandout从内到外，彻底的;upsideanddown浮沉,高低;toandfro来回;nowandthen偶尔。故A符合句意。

13.单选题

Weleftthemeeting,thereobviously（

）nopointinstaying.

问题1选项

A.were

B.tobe

C.being

D.having

【答案】C

【解析】句意:我们离开了会议，因为留下来显然没有什么意义。

语法题。考查therebe句型。thereisnopointindoingsth.表示“做某事没有用或没有意义”,因此排除D。前半句已经是完整句子,因此后半句可以是非谓语充当原因状语。因此C项being正确。

14.单选题

Thepurposeofa（

）istocutdownimportsinordertoprotectdomesticindustryfromforeigncompetition.

问题1选项

A.tax

B.tariff

C.fee

D.toll

【答案】B

【解析】句意:征收关税的目的在于削减进口，从而保护国内产业免受国际竞争。

名词辨析。Tax征税，出租车;tariff关税,收费表;fee费用，酬金;toll征税,代价。根据后半句意推测B项正确。

15.单选题

The（

）theyfeltforeachotherwasobvioustoeveryonewhosawthem.

问题1选项

A.affection

B.adherence

C.sensibility

D.sensitivity

【答案】A

【解析】句意:每个看到他们的人都能看出他们互相之间的喜爱之情。

名词辨析。Affection喜爱,钟爱;adherence坚持，遵守;sensibility敏感;sensitivity体贴，体恤。故A符合句意。

16.单选题

（

）John,Ibegantotrustmyfeelingsandbegantobelieveinmyability.

问题1选项

A.Dueto

B.Obligedto

C.Byvirtueof

D.Thanksto

【答案】D

【解析】句意:由于约翰，我开始相信自己的感觉和能力。

短语辨析。Dueto因为,由于;Obligedto不得不(做),后面不接原因状语;Byvirtueof由于,凭借;Thanksto幸亏,由于,可以引导原因状语。故选D。

17.单选题

Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelionmaybeadescriptive（

）,butitdoesnotmeanthathewasonallfoursroaringandwagginghistail.

问题1选项

A.analogue

B.analogy

C.analytic

D.node

【答案】B

【解析】句意:将一个在战争中的战士说成狮子一样可能是一个不错的比喻，但是这并不意味着他四肢着地摇着尾巴大声咆哮着。

形近词辨析。Analogue类似物，相似物;analogy比喻，相似;analytic分解的;anode阳极。题目中的Tosaythatasoldierfoughtinbattlelikelion这个部分是将战士比喻成狮子。故选B。

18.单选题

We’ll（

）youforanydamagedonetoyourhousewhileweareinit.

问题1选项

A.compensate

B.remedy

C.supplement

D.retrieve

【答案】A

【解析】句意:居住期间对你房子所造成的任何损坏，我们都会赔偿你。

动词辨析。compensate赔偿,补偿;remedy改进,补救;supplement补充;retrieve取回，索回。故A符合句意。

19.单选题

（

）youcomeyesterday,youwouldhaveseenhim.

问题1选项

A.Had

B.if

C.when

D.should

【答案】A

【解析】句意:如果你昨天来了，就可以见到他了。

语法题。考查虚拟语气。此句是对过去的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。Hadyoucomeyesterday=ifyouhadcomeyesterday。

20.单选题

Themanagerneedsanassistantthathecan（

）totakecareofproblemsinhisabsence.

问题1选项

A.counton

B.countin

C.countup

D.countout

【答案】A

【解析】句意:经理需要一个靠得住的助手，以便当他不在吋，可以帮助处理问题。

短语辨析。counton依靠,依赖;countin把..算在内;countup加起来;countout点数。故选A。

21.单选题

France's（

）ofnucleartestingintheSouthPacificlastmonthtriggeredpoliticaldebatesandmassdemonstrations.

问题1选项

A.assumption

B.consumption

C.resumption

D.presumption

【答案】C

【解析】句意:上个月法国恢复在南太平洋的核试验引起了政治辩论和群众的抗议。

形近词辨析。Assumption假定，假设;consumption消费;resumption恢复;presumption推测，假定。因此C符合句意。

22.单选题

ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtothe

irreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings.

“Readersmusthaveconfidenceintheconclusionspublishedinourjournal,”writesMcNuttinaneditorial.WorkingwiththeAmericanStatisticalAssociation,thejournalhasappointedsevenexpertstoastatisticsboardofreviewingeditors(SBoRE).Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.TheSBoREpanelwillthenfindexternalstatisticianstoreviewthesemanuscripts.

Askedwhetheranyparticularpapershadimpelledthechange,McNuttsaid:“Thecreationofthe‘statisticsboard’wasmotivatedbyconcernsbroadlywiththeapplicationofstatisticsanddataanalysisinscientificresearchandispartofScience’soveralldrivetoincreasereproducibilityintheresearchwepublish.”

GiovanniPannigiani,abiostatisticianattheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,amemberoftheSBoREgroup,saysheexpectstheboardto“playprimarilyanadvisoryrole.”Heagreedtojoinbecausehe“foundtheforesightbehindtheestablishmentoftheSBoREtobenovel,uniqueandlikelytohavealastingimpact.ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience.”

1.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph1that（

）.

2.Thephrase“flaggedup”(Para.2)istheclosestinmeaningto

（

）.

3.GiovanniPannigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay（

）.

4.TheauthorholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow

（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

问题1选项

A.Scienceintendstosimplifyitspeer-reviewprocess

B.journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks

C.fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis

D.lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects

问题2选项

A.found

B.revised

C.marked

D.stored

问题3选项

A.poseathreattoallitspeers

B.meetwithstrongopposition

C.increaseScience’scirculation

D.setanexampleforotherjournals

问题4选项

A.addstoresearchers’workload

B.diminishestheroleofreviewers

C.hasroomforfurtherimprovement

D.istofailintheforeseeablefuture

问题5选项

A.ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

B.ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

C.DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

D.StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段中:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力)。由此可知B项“各类杂志正在强化自身的统计检查”正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段:Manuwillbeflaggedupforadditionalscrutinybythejournal’sinternaleditors,orbyitsexistingBoardofReviewingEditorsorbyoutsidepeerreviewers.(杂志的内部编辑、现有的审稿委员会或外部同行审稿人将对Manu进行进一步的审查),由此可知“flagup”有“标出；指出”的意思，故C项“被标记”正确。

3.细节事实题。最后一段:ThisimpactwillnotonlybethroughthepublicationsinScienceitself,buthopefullythroughalargergroupofpublishingplacesthatmaywanttomodeltheirapproachafterScience(这个影响不仅通过《科学》杂志本身的出版物来产生，而且希望通过大量的出版机构来产生影响，这些机构可能想去模仿《科学》杂志的方式)。由此可知D项“为其它杂志树立榜样”正确。

4.推理判断题。第一段支出:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityof,manypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知C项“有进一步改善的空间”正确。

5.主旨大意题。全文中心句出现在第一段:ThejournalScienceisaddinganextraroundofstatisticalcheckstoitspeer-reviewprocess,editor-in-chiefMarciaMcNuttannouncedtoday.Thepolicyfollowssimilareffortsfromotherjournals,afterwidespreadconcernthatbasicmistakesindataanalysisarecontributingtotheirreproducibilityofmanypublishedresearchfindings(《科学》杂志的主编MarciaMcNutt今天宣布该杂志正在为自身的同行评议过程增加一轮额外的统计检查。在人们广泛担心数据分析的基本错误正导致很多出版的研究发现不能再生产之后，《科学》杂志的该政策跟随了其它杂志的类似努力),由此可推知A项“《科学》杂志在论文方面加入审査统计数据的行列”比较适合作标题。

23.单选题

Itisnot（

）muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.

问题1选项

A.that

B.as

C.so

D.very

【答案】C

【解析】句意:这本书的语言不如背景让其难以理解。

固定搭配。notsoas“不如”。由句中关键词“not”与“as”的对应知这里表示一种否定的同级比较，故C项“so”正确。

24.单选题

Einsteindiscoveredthelawsthatgoverntheuniverse,notinalaborinan（

）,butatthedeskinhisstudy.

问题1选项

A.orchard

B.orbit

C.observatory

D.outlet

【答案】C

【解析】句意:爱因斯坦不是在实验室或者天文台发现了宇宙的规律，而是在他的书房的桌子上。

名词辨析。Orchard果园，果树林;orbit轨道，眼眶;observatory天文台,气象台;outlet出口，排放孔。空格应该与or连接的lab(实验室)并列,故选C。

25.单选题

ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th（

）thebirthofJesusChrist.

问题1选项

A.inaccordancewith

B.intermsof

C.infavorof

D.inhonorof

【答案】D

【解析】句意:圣诞节是基督教祌圣的日子，通常在12月25日举行庆祝，以纪念耶稣基督的诞辰。

短语辨析。inaccordancewith依照,与…一致;intermsof就…而言,根据；infavorof赞成;inhonorof向…表示敬意,为庆祝…。故D符合句意。

26.单选题

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】句意:他讲话非常有说服力以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。

副词辨析。Bluntly直率地;convincingly有说服力地;emphatically强调地;determinedly坚定地。根据后面句意“以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了”判断B符合句意。

27.单选题

Themanagerissomuchundertheinfluenceofhissecretarythatsheisthe（

）headofthedepartment.

问题1选项

A.potential

B.virtual

C.probable

D.natural

【答案】B

【解析】句意:老板受到了他秘书的极大影响以至于她是实质上的老板了。

形容词辨析。Potential有潜力的;virtual实质上的;probable可能的;natural自然的。因此B符合句意。

28.单选题

Politicallythesenationstendtobe（

），withveryhighbirthratesbutpooreducationandverylowlevelsofliteracy.

问题1选项

A.unstable

B.reluctant

C.rational

D.unsteady

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这些国家出生率很高而教育和文化水平低下，所以政治上不稳定。

形容词辨析。Unstable不稳定的,不牢固的;reluctant不情愿的，勉强的;rational合理的，理性的;unsteady不安定的，反复无常的。因此A符合句意。

29.单选题

She（

）fiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheconference.

问题1选项

A.mustbe

B.hadbeen

C.couldbe

D.musthavebeen

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我第一次在会议上遇见她吋，她可能50岁左右。

语法题。“musthavebeen”表示对过去事实的肯定推测。由句中关键词“fiftyorso50岁左右”与“whenIfirstmetherattheconference”可知这里表示对己发生的过去情况的一种推测，故选D。

30.单选题

Youheartherefrainallthetime;theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeelgood.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent(富裕的)SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodemclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehumancondition.Formostofhistory,“hunger,sickness,andcold”threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraithwrote.“Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.”AfterWorldWarII,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930sunemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuchspendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwouldmakeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively-andwrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.”

It’softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.Well,therearemanyundeservingrich---overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoveranymeaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjustedaveragefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants---forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfrustrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkersfearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,”asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesamename.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalofwidespreadaffluencesuggestedutopianpossibilities.Uptoapoint,affluencesucceeds.Thereismuchlessphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewaytoself-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsandsometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownandobesity（肥胖症）.Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluencedoesnotalwaysendwithhappiness?

1.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

2.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause（

）.

3.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

4.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican”（Line3,Para.5）?

5.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

问题1选项

A.Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B.Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C.Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D.Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

问题2选项

A.publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B.thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C.theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D.materialismhasrunwildinmodemsociety

问题3选项

A.Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B.Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C.Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweentherichandthepoor.

D.Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

问题4选项

A.Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B.Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C.PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D.Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

问题5选项

A.Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B.Asenseofself-fulfillment

C.Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D.Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第二句:Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdatesatleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluentSocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,whodiedrecentlyat97(为什么日益增长的财富不能让人感觉日益幸福呢？这个问题至少可以追溯到1958年的《富裕社会》一书，作者JohnKennethGalbraith最近去世了，享年97岁),由此可知JohnKennethGalbraith在《富裕社会》一书中提到的问题是“为什么富裕不能意味幸福”即选项B。

2.细节事实题。第三段第一句:..materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent(物质主义太盛行，将滋生不满)。由此可知D项“现代社会物质主义泛滥”正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干关键词peoplefeelsqueezed定位至第四段最后一句:Peoplefeel“squeezed”becausetheirrisingincomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants---forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,moreeducation,fasterInternetconnections(人们感觉‘财政吃紧’，因为增长的收入常常不能满足越来越高的需求--更大的房子、更完备的医疗、更优质的教育、更快捷的网络连接)。因此选A“物质追求超出了他们的收入”。

4.词义题。“thedisposableAmerican,”在第五段,其前面句为:Peopleregardjobstabilityaspartoftheirstandardofliving(人们把工作稳定性当作生活水平的一部分)以及Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded(公司解雇人员在增加，削弱了工作的稳定性)。因此这些“遗弃的美国人”指不再有稳定工作的工人，故选择D。

5.细节事实题。第七段指出:Butthequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder(“但寻求增长会带来新的焦虑和经济冲突，这些将扰乱社会秩序)。由此可知选C“新的忧虑和经济冲突”。

31.单选题

PitythosewhoaspiretoputtheinitialsPhDaftertheirnames.After16yearsofcloselysupervisededucation,prospectivedoctorsofphilosophyareleftmoreorlessalonetowritetheequivalentofalargebook.Mostsocial-sciencepostgraduateshavestillnotcompletedtheirthesesbythetimetheirgrantrunsoutafterthreeyears.Theymustthengetajobandfinishintheirsparetime,whichcanoftentakeafurtherthreeyears.Bythen,mostnewdoctorsaresicktodeathofthenarrowlydefinedsubject,whichhasblightedtheirholidaysandminedtheirevenings.

TheEconomicandSocialResearchCouncil,whichgivesgrantstopostgraduatesocialscientists,wantstogetbettervalueformoneybycuttingshortthisagony.Itwouldliketoseefastercompletionrates:untilrecently,onlyabout25%ofPhDcandidateswerefinishingwithinfouryears.TheESRC’sresponsehasbeentostopPhDgrantstoallinstitutionswheretheproportiontakinglessthanfouryearsisbelow10%;inthefirstyearofthispolicythenationalaverageshotupto39%.TheESRCfeelsvindicatedinitstoughness,andwillprogressivelyraisethethresholdto40%intwoyears.Unlesscompletionratesimprovefurther,thiswouldexclude55outof73universitiesandpolytechnics-includingOxfordUniversity,theLondonSchoolofEconomicsandtheLondonBusinessSchool.

Predictably,howlsofprotesthavecomefromtheuniversities,whoviewtheblacklistingofwholeinstitutionsasarbitraryandnegative.Theypointoutthatmanyofthebeststudentsgoquicklyintojobswheretheycanapplytheirresearchskills,butconsequentlytakelongertofinishtheirtheses.PolytechnicswithasfewastwoPhDcandidatescomplainthattheyarepenalizedbyrandomfluctuationsinstudentperformance.Thecollegessaythereisnohardeviden