2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号45

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

EducationalServiceInC.operates70institutesintheUnitedStatesandtheyconcentrateonprovidingcareer-focuseddegreeprogramsto（）28000students.

问题1选项

A.considerably

B.approximately

C.preferably

D.ideally

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。considerably"相当地,非常";approximately"大约,近似地";preferably"更好地";ideally"理想地"。句意：美国教育服务公司运营着70家学院,主要为大约2.8万名学生提供以职业为中心的学位课程。空后为数字,只有approximately后可接数字。所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Inprotest,blacksand（）whitessatatthecountersoftheserestaurantsandrefusedtomoveuntiltheywereserved.

问题1选项

A.sensible

B.indifferent

C.influential

D.sympathetic

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。sensible"明智的,合情理的";indifferent"不关心的,冷淡的,中立的";influential"有影响的,有权势的";sympathetic"同情的，赞同的"。句意：在抗议活动中,黑人和那些支持抗议行为的白人坐在餐馆的柜台上,拒绝离开，直到他们得到服务。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Sometravelersbelievecarriersintentionallygroundhalf-filledflightstocutcost,onlytofilluplaterplanes.Mysteriouscancellationsjustrubpeoplethewrongway.OnepassengercomplainedthatanAmericanAirlinesgateagenttoldhimhedidn'thavethefoggiestideawhyaflighthadbeencancelleD.Waryoflostbagsandlongwaitsatcheck-inandluggagecarousel,manypassengerstrytolugasmuchcarry-onbaggageastheycan,slowingboardingandincreasingthestressonotherpassengers.StephanieMehas,apassenger,said,"Alwayspacktwoproperlysizedcarryons,"shesays,"butmanypeoplecomebangingdowntheaislewithmultiplebags,expectingtojamthemallintheoverheadbin."Thiscanbedangerous.Fallingcarry-onbagsannuallyinjurethousandsofpassengers.

Astothepresentsituation,veteranairlineobserverRobertPoolecontendsthatlegislationandindustrypromises"arestopgaps".Greaterregulationwilldonothingtospurinnovation,and,henotes,between1998and2010,airtravelinAmericawillhaveexpended40percenttoonebillionannualpassengers,overwhelmingourreadystrainedinfrastructure.Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend.Theultimatesolution,saysPoole,istocompletethe"unfinishedrevolution"thatbeganin1978withgovernmentderegulationofairlineroutesandfares.Poolebelievesthattheantiquated,overlybureaucraticair-traffic-controlsystemcouldbeprivatized,followingthesuccessfulmodelofNavCanada,whichuseshigh-techequipmentandmodernadministrativeprocedure.Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets.Moreoftheseairportswillrelievethepressureonthebigairports,butputpressureonthecarrierstoimprove.

1.Thesentence"..didn'thavethefoggiestidea"inLine3means（）.

2.ToomuchhandbaggagecancausesomeproblemsEXCEPT（）.

3.InPoole'sview,whichofthefollowingwilldoforachange?

4.Besidesprivatization,Poolealsoputsforwardanothersolution,thatis（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsforthetitle?

问题1选项

A.hedidn'tknow

B.heknew,butcouldn'tsay

C.bevaguelyknew

D.hewasnotinapositiontoknow试题分析

问题2选项

A.safetyproblemsonboardtheplane

B.moretimeinboarding

C.pressureonotherpassengers

D.disorderontheplane

问题3选项

A.Legislation.

B.Industrycommitment.

C.Regulation.

D.Expansionofthepresentsystem.

问题4选项

A.moreuseofjets

B.lessrestrictiononroutesandfares

C.theadoptionofhigh-techequipment

D.establishmentofsecondaryairports

问题5选项

A.TheAirlinesAreinTrouble

B.TheInefficiencyoftheAirlines

C.ProblemsandSolutionsfortheAirlines

D.TheSystemoftheAirlinesShouldChange

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy,意为"模糊的"。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,行李过多会导致登机速度更慢,也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人,所以选项A,B,C均正确,只有选项D未提及。

3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词Poole定位到第二段。根据第三句"Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend."他预计,除非该系统得到扩展,否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句"Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets."。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场,它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。

5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。

4.单选题

（）wingsforthecommonmanhadtoawaitthedawnofthespaceagetogobacktothesimplicityoftheirbeginnings.

问题1选项

A.Consequently

B.Regularly

C.Ironically

D.Comprehensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。consequently"因此,从而";regularly"定期地,有规律地";ironically"讽刺地";comprehensively"包括地,全面地"。句意：（）,普通人的翅膀必须等到太空时代的黎明才能回到最初的简单。选项C具有讽刺意味的是,符合句意。

5.单选题

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

问题1选项

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析题。modify"修改,更改;修饰";alter"改变,更改";regulate"控制,管理,调节";revise"修订,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范围较广,指任何的改变,revise通常指修订课本,制度的管理和规定经常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些习俗,这些习俗规定了某些社会阶层中人们的穿衣时尚。所以选项C正确。

6.单选题

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige"威望,声望";consumption"消费,耗费;pressure"压力,压迫";controversy"争论;争战"。句意:没有外界的争议,中国的广告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球广告市场上立足。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

Massproductionis（）onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的；invaluable无价的；feasible可行的；compatible兼容的。句意：大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

8.单选题

WhenMr.Johnswentshoppingatthethriftstore,hewaslookingfora（）.

问题1选项

A.bargain

B.charge

C.gain

D.purchase

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。bargain便宜货；charge费用；gain利润，收获；purchase购买的东西。根据句中的关键词thethriftstore（旧货店，二手店）判断,选项A更符合句意。

9.单选题

People'sviewonqualityeducation（）fromindividualtoindividual.

问题1选项

A.changes

B.varies

C.alters

D.transforms

【答案】B

【解析】changefrom...to…."由……改变为……";varyfrom...to…."从……到……不同";alterfrom...to..."由……转变为……";transformfrom...to…"由……转变为…"。句意：人们对素质教育的看法因人而异。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

问题1选项

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

Novelsandshortstoriesfromalibrary'sfictioncollectionareagood（）ofenjoyablereadingpractice.

问题1选项

A.exit

B.resource

C.entry

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：图书馆的小说和短篇小说是令人愉快的阅读练习的好来源。选项中只有source有"来源"的意思。所以选项D正确。

12.单选题

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

问题1选项

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建没性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初级的"。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。选项B符合句意。

13.单选题

Everyyearthousandsofpeoplearearrestedandtakentocourtforshop-lifting.InBritainalone,aboutHK$3000000'sworthofgoodsarestolenfromshopseveryweek.Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices.

Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves.Theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofaproblemforthestoredetectives,who,assistedbyclosedcircuittelevisionandvariousothertechnologicaldevices,canusuallycopewiththem.Theprofessionalstendtogoforhighvaluegoodsinpartsoftheshopswheresecuritymeasuresaretightest.And,inanycase,theyaccountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting.

Thesameappliestothedeliberateamateurwhoistospeak,aprofessionalintraining.Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts.

Therealproblemisthepersonwhogiveswaytoasuddentemptationandisinallotherrespectsanhonestandlaw-abidingcitizen.Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor.HedoesnotstealbecauseheneedsthegoodsandcannotaffordtopayforthemHestealsbecausehesimplycannotstophimself.Andtherearecountlessotherswho,becauseofagesicknessorplainabsent-mindedness,simplyforgettopayforwhattheytakefromtheshops.

Inordertopreventthegrowthonship-liftingoffences,somestores,infactaredoingtheirbesttoseparatethethievesfromtheconfusedbyprohibitingcustomersfromtakingbagsintothestore.However,whatismostworryingaboutthewholeproblemisthatitisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority.Itistheaircrafthijacksituationinantherform.Becauseofthepossibilityofonepassengerinamillionboardinganaircraftwithaweapon,theother999999passengersmuchsubjectthemselvestosearchesanddelays.Unlessthesituationintheshopsimproves,intenyears'timewemayallhavetosubjectourselvestoabody-searcheverytimewegointoastoretobuyatinofbeans!

1.Whydoesthehonestpublichavetopayhigherpriceswhentheygototheshops?

2.Thethirdgroupofpeoplestealthingsbecausethey（）.

3.Accordingtothepassagelaw-abidingcitizens（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthemaintypesofshop-lifting?

5.Theaircrafthijacksituationisusedinordertoshowthat（）.

问题1选项

A.Thereisa"shrinkage"inmarketvalues.

B.Manygoodsarenotavailable.

C.Goodsinmanyshopslackvariety.

D.Therearemanycasesofshop-lifting.

问题2选项

A.arementallyill

B.arequiteabsent-minded

C.cannotresistthetemptation

D.cannotaffordtopayforthegoods

问题3选项

A.canpossiblystealthingsbecauseoftheirpoverty

B.canpossiblytakeawaygoodswithoutpaying

C.haveneverstolengoodsfromthesupermarkets

D.aredifficulttobecaughtwhentheystealthings

问题4选项

A.Abigpercentageofthetotallossesarecausedbytheprofessional.

B.Thedeliberateamateurswillbepunishedseverelyiftheygetcaught.

C.Peoplewouldexpectthatthosewhocan'thelpthemselvesfromstealingarepoor.

D.Theprofessionalsdon'tcausealotoftroubletothestoredetectives.

问题5选项

A."theprofessionalsdonotposemuchofproblemforthestores"

B.somepeople"simplyforgettopayforwhattakefromtheshops"

C."thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices"

D.thethirdtypeofshop-liftersaredangerouspeople

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节判断题。根据关键词"thehonestpublic"定位到第一段的最后一句"Asaresultofthis"shrinkage"astheshopscallit,thehonestpublichastopayhigherprices."由于商家所谓的"由偷窃造成的损失",诚实的公众因此而付出了更高的代价。结合上文可知"shrinkage"指店内行窃案件,所以选项D更准确。

2.细节判断题。根据第二段的首句"Shop-lifterscanbedividedintothreemaincategories:theprofessionals,thedeliberateamateurs,andthepeoplewhojustcan'thelpthemselves."商店行窃者可分为三大类:专业扒手、蓄意的业余扒手和控制不了盗窃冲动的扒手。所以第三类人就是无法抵挡诱惑的人,选项C符合原文。

3.细节推断题。根据关键词"law-abiding"定位到第四段。根据本段内容可知：那些禁受不住诱惑的人,往往在其他方面是遵纪守法的好公民,他们很少是家境贫困的。他们偷东西不是因为付不起钱,而是心不在焉拿走东西忘记付钱了。所以选项A表述错误,他们并不贫穷;选项C也表述错误;选项D在文中没有提及;所以只有选项B符合原文句意。

4.细节推断题。根据笫二段的最后一句"they（theprofessional）accountforonlyasmallpercentageofthetotallossesduetoshop-lifting"可知选项A错误,而选项D正确;根据第三段"Mostofthemgetcaughtsoonerorlater,andtheyaredealtwithseverelybythecourts."可知选项B正确;根据四段的第二句"Contrarytowhatonewouldexpect,thiskindofship-lifterisrarelypoor."这类盗贼并不贫穷,那么言下之意就是人们认为盗贼应该是贫穷的。所以选项C也正确。只有选项A表述错误。

5.细节推断题。根据原文上一句"itisyetanotherinstanceoftheinnocentmajoritybeingpenalizedandinconveniencedbecauseoftheactionsofasmallminority."这是由于一小部分人的做法给大多数无辜的人带来了惩罚和不便的又一个例子。也就是第一段所说的：公众因此而付出了更高的代价。所以选项C正确。

14.单选题

Hefinallyagreedtosigntheagreementwithus,butwithsome（）.

问题1选项

A.recurrence

B.rejection

C.reluctance

D.refutation

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。recurrence循环，重现rejection拒绝，抑制；reluctance勉强，不情愿；refutation反驳，驳斥。句意：他最终同意与我们签订协议，但有些不情愿。选项C符合句意。

15.单选题

Becauseofthemassiveoilspillageinthegulf,boththeplantandanimallivesintheareaarein（）.

问题1选项

A.destiny

B.amenity

C.jeopardy

D.tragedy

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。destiny"命运,天命";amenity"娱乐设施";jeopardy"危险,危难";injeopardy指处于危险境地;tragedy"灾难,悲剧"。句意：由于海湾大量石油泄漏，该地区的动植物都处于危险之中。选项C正确。

16.单选题

Thispaperwillexaminerelevanttheoriesandresearchfindingsconcerninglisteningandsecondlanguageacquisitionandidentifyconditionsthatmay（）listening.

问题1选项

A.elevate

B.facilitate

C.stimulate

D.provoke

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。elevate"提升,举起";facilitate"促进,帮助";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞,激励";provoke"驱使,激怒,煽动"。句意：这篇论文将检验有关听力和第二语言习得的相关理论和研究成果,并找出有助于听力的条件。选项B正确。

17.单选题

PreviousresearchbyscientistsfromKeilUniversityinGermanymonitoredAdeliepenguinsandnotedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.ScientistsfromtheScottPolarResearchInstituteatCambridgesaythataslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.

Theearlierfindingshavebeenusedtopartlyexplainthe20percentdropinpopulationsofcertaintypesofpenguinsneartouristsites.However,touroperatorshavecontinuedtoinsistthattheiractivitiesdonotadverselyaffectwildlifeinAntarctica,sayingtheyencouragenon-disruptivebehaviorintourists,andthatthedeclineinpenguinnumbersiscausedbyotherfactors.

AmandaNimonoftheScottPolarResearchInstitutespentthreesouthernhemispheresummersatCuvervilleIslandinAntarcticastudyingpenguinbehaviortowardshumans."Anestingpenguinwillreactverydifferentlytoapersonrapidlyandcloselyapproachingthenest,"saysNimon."Firsttheyexhibitlargeandprolongedheartratechangesandthentheyoftenfleethenestleavingitopenforpredators（捕食者）toflyinandremoveeggsorchicks."Theartificialegg,speciallydevelopedfortheproject,monitoredboththeparentwhohadbeendisturbedwhentheeggwasplacedinthenestandtheotherparentastheybothtookitinturnstoguardthenest.

However,BorisCulik,whomonitoredtheAdeliepenguins,believesthatNimon'sfindingsdonotinvalidatehisownresearch.Hepointsoutthatspeciesbehavedifferently一andNimon'sworkwaswithGentoopenguins.NimonandhercolleaguesbelievethatCulik'sresearchwasmethodologicallyflawedbecausethemonitoringofpenguins,responsesentailedcapturingandrestrainingthebirdsandfittingthemwithheart-ratetransmitters.Therefore,arguesNimon,itwouldnotbesurprisingiftheybecamestressedonseeingahumansubsequently.

1.PreviousresearchbyGermanscientistshasshownthat（）.

2.AnewfindinginrecentresearchbyBritishscientistsisthat（）.

3.Anartificialeggisusedinthenewresearchinorderto（）.

4.AccordingtoNimon,theconductorofthenewresearch,acomparisonoftheoldandthenewresearchrevealsthat（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichfactoristhemostimportantinfluenceforpenguins'sheartrates?

问题1选项

A.theheartrateofpenguinsinAntarcticaisincreasing

B.penguinsaredisturbedbythepresenceofahuman

C.thenumberofpenguinsinAntarcticaisdeclining

D.penguinsofdifferentspeciesbehavedifferently

问题2选项

A.penguinsneartouristsitesinAntarcticahavebeendisruptedbythetouristactivities

B.penguinparentsbothtaketurntoguardtheirnestandlookaftertheireggsorchicks

C.penguinsarenotthreatenedbyahumanwhoapproachesthenestslowlyanddistantly

D.penguinsabandonthenestleavingeggsorchicksunprotectedwheneverseeingahuman

问题3选项

A.observepenguins'heartrates

B.exchangeforarealpenguinegg

C.monitorthehatchofpenguineggs

D.measurepenguins,bodytemperature

问题4选项

A.thetworesearchesproducedcontradictorybutbothvalidfindingsfortheywerebasedondifferentspeciesofpenguin

B.thetworesearchesproducedcompatibleandcomplementaryfindingsfortheystudieddifferentspeciesofpenguin

C.theoldresearchwasunreliableforithadscaredpenguinsandchangedtheirlaterbehaviorbyfittingamonitoronthem

D.thenewresearchrevealspenguinsneedbetterprotectionfromtourists

问题5选项

A.Climatechange.

B.Touristactivities.

C.Scientificresearch.

D.Notfirmlyknownyet.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“German”定位到第一段首句“Previousresearch...notedthatthebirds'heartratesincreaseddramaticallyatthesightofahumanasfaras30metersaway.”他们发现，远在30米之外的企鹅看到人类时，它们的心率会急剧上升。选项A符合原文。

2.细节事实题。原文中并没有出现British，但可以看到第一段的尾句中的Cambridge可定位答案。“...aslowmovinghumanwhodoesnotapproachthenesttooclosely,isnotperceivedasathreatbypenguins.”行动缓慢、不太靠近巢穴的人类不会被企鹅视为威胁。选项C符合原文。

3.细节事实题。根据关键词“artificialegg”定位到第一段第二句“Butnewresearchusinganartificialegg,whichisequippedtomeasureheartrates,disputesthis.”由此可知，选项A符合原文。

4.细节推理题。根据最后一段的第三句“Nimonandhercolleaguesbelieve...withheart-ratetransmitters.”Nimon和她的同事认为，Culik的研究在方法论上是有缺陷的，因为对企鹅的监控和反应需要捕捉和控制企鹅，并给它们安装心率发射器。选项C符合原文。

5.细节推理题。文章对企鹅是否会因为游客而受到影响这个问题进行了讨论。通读全文可知文章并没有得出什么具体的影响因素的结论。所以选项D正确。

18.单选题

Someplantsare（）todiseaseandmustbetakengoodcareofforthewholegrowingperiod.

问题1选项

A.fantastic

B.subordinate

C.susceptible

D.imperative

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。fantastic极好的；subordinate从属的，次要的；susceptible易受……影响的；imperative紧急的；必要的。句意：有些植物易受病害的影响，必须在整个生长过程中得到很好的照顾。选项C符合句意。

19.单选题

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

问题1选项

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。preservation保留，保护；abrasion磨损，损耗；erosion腐蚀，侵蚀；eruption喷发，爆发。句意：土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程。当人类活动导致它比自然条件下发生得快得多时，这就成了一个问题。选项C符合句意。

20.单选题

Inminuteshehastakenoverthewhole（）,lyingunderthesinkandsquinting（眯眼看）upintothemachinery.

问题1选项

A.conscience

B.restraint

C.trial

D.enterprise

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析。conscience道德,良心;restraint抑制,约束;trial试验,努力;enterprise企业,进取心。句意：几分钟后,他就接管了整个企业,躺在水池下面,眯着眼睛看着机器。选项D符合句意。

21.单选题

Thedoctorwasina（）astowhethertotellthepatientthetruthoralie.

问题1选项

A.prudence

B.dilemma

C.secrecy

D.psychology

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。prudence谨慎；dilemma困境，进退两难；secrecy保密；psychology心理学。句意：医生陷入进退两难的困境，不知该告诉病人真相还是谎言。选项B符合句意。

22.单选题

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythepiano,whenyoucanlistentotheworld'sgreatestpianistsinyourowndrawing-room?

Littlebylittle,wearebecomingmoreandmoreisolatedfromeachother.Itisalmostimpossibletotalktoyourneighborabouthisjob,evenifheisengagedinroughlythesameworkasyouare.TheRoyalSocietyinBritainincludesamongitsmembersonlythemosteminentscientistsinthecountry.Yetitishighlydisturbingtofindthatevenhere,asoneofitsmembersputit,atalectureonly10%ofthememberscanunderstand50%ofwhatisbeingsaid!

1.Thepassageimpliesthat（）.

2.Theword"moron"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthebestpossibletitleforthepassage?

4.Accordingtothepassage,inordertostandout,ascientistshould（）.

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.menofremarkableachievementsinthepastwereaccidentallyversatile

B.nogreatmaninthepastwasqualifiedasuniversalexceptdaVinci

C.nowadaysversatilemenaregenerallyhighlyregarded

D.nowadaysitisnearlyimpossibleforamantobeversatile

问题2选项

A.afoolishman

B.ahard-workingman

C.anexpert

D.amiserableman

问题3选项

A.HowtoBecomeaVersatileMan.

B.VersatileMen.

C.HowtoBecomeanIntelligentMan.

D.IntelligentMen.

问题4选项

A.engageinasmanycareersaspossible

B.becomeamemberoftheRoyalSociety

C.confinehimselftoalimitedareaofstudy

D.beawareofthegreatprogressinscienceandtechnology

问题5选项

A.DaVinciwastoobusywithhismanyinventionstofinishhispaintings.

B.Inthemodemworldamancanbecomeversatilewithoutpayingtheprice.

C.Nowadaysamanoflettersscarcelyknowsaboutthechangesintechnology.

D.DuringtheRenaissancemuchemphasiswasplacedonbeinguniversal.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节推理题。第一段的最后一句为本文的主旨句“Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.”这句话的潜在意思就是说:现在多才多艺的人越来越少。选项D符合原文。

2.语义题。原文中的分号,以及as说明,前后是同类事物的比较。根据下文的whoisbarelyawareof可知，moron表示的是"什么都不知道的人",所以选项A正确。原文句意：有些科学家在他自己的研究领域之外和白痴一样。

3.全文主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲多才多艺的人，作者只是提出自己的看法，并没有说如何成为一个多才多艺的人，所以选项B正确。

4.细节事实题。根据第二段第三句“..."experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.”科学们不得不把大部分的生命投入到一个非常有限的研究领域，以便与他们的同行竞争。选项C符合原文。

5.细节判断题。根据第二段第四句“Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.”这里采用双重否定强调这一目标的实现需要付出相当大的代价。所以选项B与原文不符。

23.单选题

Owingtoan（）lackoflower-incomehousing,themunicipalgovernmentisembarrassedbytheimpressinghousingissue.

问题1选项

A.alien

B.obscure

C.acute

D.elaborate

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题：alien"外国的,陌生的";obscure"隐蔽的,模糊不清的";acute"敏锐的;剧烈的;急性的";elaborate"复杂的,精心制作的"。句意：由于严重缺乏供给低收人者的住房，市政府对面临严重的住房问题感到尴尬。选项C符合句意。

24.单选题

Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathehad（）lungcancer.

问题1选项

A.extracted

B.contracted

C.abstracted

D.attracted

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。contractadisease为固定搭配,意为"感染疾病";extract"提取;搾出",一般与介词from连用;abstract"提取,摘要";attract"吸引,引起…的注意"。句意：当他知道自己得了肺癌时，他极度痛苦和沮丧。

25.单选题

Hypertensionplacesstressonanumberoforgans(calledtargetorgans),includingthekidney,eyes,andheart,causingthemto（）overtime.

问题1选项

A.deteriorate

B.distress

C.underscore

D.dilute

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。deteriorate恶化，变坏；distress悲痛，苦恼，不幸；underscore强调，底线；dilute稀释，冲淡。句意：高血压使许多器官受到压力，包括肾脏、眼睛和心脏，久而久之会使它们感到痛苦。选项B符合句意。

26.单选题

Bigcitestodayareconfrontedwithveryseriousproblems.Transportisa（1）difficulty:someplannersbelievein（2）transportsystem;othersbelieveinmakingitpossibleforcitizenstomove（3）inprivatecars.Thereareseveralwaysof（4）apublictransportsystem.Sometimesitisbuiltundertheground,sometimesitisonthe（5）,andsometimesitisevenabovegroundlevel,（6）inpartsofNewYorkandmorecrimeandTokyoforexample.Inmostcases,ofcourse,itisa（7）ofsomeoralloftheseelements.

The（8）ofthecitycentershasalsobeenaprobleminthelast30years.Theheartsofmanycitieshavebecomepoorerandpoorer,（9）moreandmorecrimeandviolence,（10

）thepeoplewhocanaffordtohavemovedouttothe（11）.Thisistheoppositeofthesituation100yearsago,（12）wealthypeoplelivedinthecenter,andthepoorlived（13

）theoutskirtsofthecity.

Ecologicalproblemsalso（14）,asfactoriesandcarspollutetheair,treearecutdowntomake（15

）forurbanclearways,andcrowdedconditionscausegarbageto（16

）inthestreets.

Inordertosolvetheseproblems,someplannersbelieveweshouldlimitthesizeofourcities,perhapsbyrestrictingpopulation,orperhapsbyoffering（17）jobsintheprovinces.Othersbelievethatcitiescannotbelimitedinsizeandthattheproblemsmustbesolvedina（18）ofways—bycreatinggreenareas,building（19

）housesforeverybody,stoppingfactorypollution,（20

）motortransport,andsoon.

问题1选项

A.minor

B.major

C.little

D.small

问题2选项

A.mass

B.mess

C.massy

D.messy

问题3选项

A.outside

B.through

C.across

D.about

问题4选项

A.settingup

B.makingup

C.takingup

D.buildingup

问题5选项

A.field

B.earth

C.surface

D.soil

问题6选项

A.like

B.as

C.same

D.similar

问题7选项

A.cooperation

B.imitation

C.separation

D.combination

问题8选项

A.decrease

B.decline

C.reduction

D.release

问题9选项

A.or

B.being

C.with

D.against

问题10选项

A.while

B.though

C.because

D.even

问题11选项

A.suburbs

B.downtowns

C.countrysides

D.rural

问题12选项

A.where

B.what

C.when

D.why

问题13选项

A.on

B.in

C.at

D.by

问题14选项

A.arise

B.rise

C.arouse

D.raise

问题15选项

A.place

B.path

C.road

D.way

问题16选项

A.compose

B.present

C.accumulate

D.dispose

问题17选项

A.potential

B.attractive

C.competitive

D.secure

问题18选项

A.various

B.variable

C.variety

D.varying

问题19选项

A.decent

B.fundamental

C.delicate

D.eternal

问题20选项

A.developing

B.forbidding

C.reforming

D.eliminating

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:B

第7题:D

第8题:B

第9题:C

第10题:A

第11题:A

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:A

第15题:D

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:C

第19题:A

第20题:D

【解析】1.结合上下文：现在的大城市正面临着许多严重的问题，而交通则是一个最主要的难题。选项B符合原文句意。

2.固定搭配。masstransportsystem指"公共交通体系"。本句意思：有些规划者相信公共交通体系可以解决这一问题。

3.moveout¬side"外迁";movethrough"跨过";moveacross"跨过";moveabout"走来走去"。根据句意：另外一些人相信公民可以驾驶私家汽车出行。

4.setup"建立";makeup"组成,编造";takeup"拿起,占据",buildup"增进,增强"。这里指建立公共交通系统，所以选项A正确。

5.结合上下文可知，这里指在地面上。onthefield"在操场上,在田野上";ontheearth"在地面上"；onthesurface"在表面上,在外表上",onthesoil"在土壤上"。所以选项B符合原文。

6.根据原文句意可知，这里是以纽约和东京的部分地区为例。下文的forexample决定了这里只能填入as，其他选项均不正确。

7.根据句意：大多数情况下，它们是所有这些元素的结合。所以选项D正确。combinationof"是...的