2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号83

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-上海交通大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Beforemanypeoplebuyacar,atelevisionorawashingmachine,theyshoparoundforthebestdeal.Yet,whensomeofthesepeoplefindthemselvesinapositioninwhichasecondmedicalopinionisagoodidea——whenfacingadifficultoperation,forexample,——theyareunwillingtogofurther.Sometimesitdoesn'tmatter.Butsometimesitcanleadtothewrongtreatment,evendeath.

Anumberofpsychologicalroadblocksgetinthewayofsecondmedicalopinions,butoneofthemostcommonisthefearofhurtingthefeelingsofthedoctors,andthepossibleresultofthat.Peoplemaythinkthatinbringingupthattheywanttogetasecondopinionthey'requestioningthedoctor'sability,sointheinterestofnothurtingthefeelingofhimtheydon'tsuggestit.

Anotherreasonpeopleavoidgettingasecondopinionisfearoftheseconddoctorgivingthemworsenewsthanthefirst.SaysBalyk:"Youfearthatifyougofor,say,aningrowntoenail,he'lltellyouthatthetoemustcomeoff."Themostimportantconsiderationisthatit'sinyourselfinteresttogetanotheropinion—anditmaynotbeworse.

Then,mostpeopletrust,evengivegreatrespecttotheirdoctors,andregardthemaswithgodlikequalities.Sotheytrusttheirdoctorisright,anddon'taskforasecondopinion.Infact,itdoesn'tevenoccurtothemthattheyshoulD.Butyoushouldrememberthatthedoctorisahumanbeing—justlikeyou.

Andsometimes,whenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike.Theyputalltypesofgoodfeelingsontothedoctorandjustlethimtakeover.Atothertimes,obtainingthatsecondopinionjustseemsliketoomuchwork.

Butremember,sometimesgettingthatsecondmedicalopinioncanmeanthedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.

1.Fromboththefirstandthelastparagraphswecaninferthattheauthormaywanttosuggestthat（）.

2.Whyaresomepatientsafraidofhurtingthedoctor'sfeelings?

3.Anotherreasonsomepatientsdon'twanttogetasecondmedicalopinionisthat（）.

4.InParagraph5,by"sometimeswhenpeoplearesick,theybecomechildlike"theauthormeansthat（）.

5.Thelastword"work"inParagraph5mayprobablybeclosestinmeaningto（）.

问题1选项

A.oneshouldchooseahospitalcarefullywhenill

B.oneshouldthinkseriouslybeforemakingamedicaldecision

C.oneshouldneverbeafraidofquestioningthedoctor'sopinion

D.asecondmedicalopinionisabsolutelynecessary

问题2选项

A.Theyfearthatifsosomethingunhappywillhappen.

B.Theyfearthatthedoctormayletthemaloneafterthat.

C.Theyfearthedoctormayintentionallygivethemwrongtreatments.

D.Theyhavebeentaughttorespectdoctorsinthisway.

问题3选项

A.theyareusedtotreatingdoctorsasgodsineveryaspect

B.otherpeoplewilllookonthemasmadiftheydoso

C.theythinkitiswrongtodoubtthedoctor'sopinion

D.doctorsusuallydon'thaveasecondopiniontooffer

问题4选项

A.whenpeoplearesick,theybehaveineverywaylikeachild

B.whenpeoplearesick,theybecomeunreasonable

C.whenpeoplearesick,theyaretoolazytotakecareofthemselves

D.whenpeoplearesick,theyrelytoomuchonothers

问题5选项

A.trouble

B.energy

C.time

D.labor

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句可知，当面临医学意见时，有时你做的决定并不重要，但有时它可能将你带入错误的治疗甚至是死亡。也就是说，在做医疗决定之前我们应该认真考虑。选项B符合原文。

2.细节推理题。根据第二段的内容可知，一些病人害怕伤害医生的感情是担心可能产生的后果，他们害怕医生认为病人在质疑医生的能力。所以选项A正确。

3.语义题。根据第二段的最后一句“Peoplemaythinkthatinbringingupthattheywanttogetasecondopinionthey'requestioningthedoctor'sability.”人们可能会认为，在提出他们想要得到第二个意见时，他们是在质疑医生的能力。选项C符合原文。

4.细节判断题。根据原文句意：有时，当人们生病时，他们变得像孩子一样。也就是说，他们需要别人的照顾,也就是依赖别人。故答案为D。

5.语义题。根据上文对人们避免接受第二种医学意见的描述可以推测，work指trouble，更符合原文语境。所以本题选A。

2.单选题

Thebraindrainofexpertsawayfromdevelopingcountrieswillgreatlyinfluencethesecountriesdevelopmentof（）industry.

问题1选项

A.complicated

B.sophisticated

C.primitive

D.collective

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。complicated"复杂的,难懂的";sophisticated"精密的,尖端的";primitive"原始的,早期的";collective"集体的,共同的"。句意：发展中国家髙技术人才的外流,将会严重影响这些国家尖端工业的发展。选项B符合句意。

3.写作题

Directions:Somepeoplesaythatthebestpreparationforlifeislearningtobecooperative.Otherstaketheoppositeviewandsaythatlearningtobecompetitiveisthebestpreparation,Tellwhichoneyouagreewithandexplainwhy,Pleasewriteanessayofabout300wordsonthisissue.Youshouldgivespecificreasonsanddetailstosupportyourposition.WritetheessayontheAnswerSheetonly.

【答案】Whichismoreimportanttoone'ssuccesscooperativeorcompetitive?Forsuchquestions,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews.Butinmyconception,Iguesscooperationismorevitalthancompetitive.

Firstly,cooperationisourhumanbeingsintrinsicmotive.Whenhumanbeingscouldbecalled"humanbeings"whoaredifferentwithanimals,cooperationisoneofthemostimportantfactorsforourevolution.Wehavewiserbrainthananyothercreaturesonthisplanetbecauseweknowhowtoachieveourgoalthroughteamwork.Wecouldsaythatwithoutcooperation,maybewearestillliveinStone-era.

Secondly,inmodernsociety,wearefacingmoreandmoresophisticationinsocialdivisionoflabor.TheTVsetwhichisverycommontoeverybodyofusismadeupofthousandsofsparepartswhichmaybemadeinhundredsoffactory.Thecar,thecomputer,eventhesewingmachineandfruitknifeisverycomplicatedduringthemanufactureprocedure.Similarlyatoneworkshop,asmallmemberteam,evenwifeandhusband,weneedtobecooperativewitheachother.

Thirdly,wemakepreparationforsuccess,wehavetobecooperative.Inmodernmanagementpointsofview,cooperationandinter-dependenceareelites.Wearealwaysemphasizing"synergy"whichmeans1+1morethan2.Cooperationisthematchwhichcouldlightenfire.Cooperationisthekeywhichcouldopenthedoorofsuccess.

However,likeacoinhastwosides,wecannotoverlooktheeffectiveandpositiveinfluenceofcompetition.Cooperation,thencompetition,Ithink,istherightway.

4.单选题

AsmanyasoneinfourU.S.workersmaybechronicallyangryonthejob,withangryemployeesalsomorelikelytobebored,havelowenergyandfeel"stuck"intheirposts,accordingtoareportTuesday.Employeesaremostlikelytobeangeredbyabossorsupervisorbyafellowemployeeorbyothersintheworkplacenotbeingproductive,bytightdeadlinesorbyheavyworkloads,saidDonaldGibson,aprofessorattheYaleSchoolofManagement.

"Aturbulenteconomicenvironmentthathasproduced,ontheonehand,productivityandgrowthand,ontheother,wrenchingchangeanduncertainty,hasbuffetedtheworkplace,"thereportsaiD."Whileamajorityofemployeesarerespondingtotheseconditionswithreportsofworkplacesatisfactionthereremainasubstantialportionwhoaredissatisfied,evenangry,atwork,"itaddeD."Mostvisibly,angerislinkedtoworkplaceaggression,whichappearstobeincreasing:Weareweeklyconfrontedwithstoriesofworkerstakingaggressive,evenviolent,actionparticularlyagainstsupervisors."Thesurveyfoundthat25percentofthosecontactedsaidtheywereatleastsomewhatangryatworkonacontinuingbasis.Angryemployeestendtohavelessenergyandinterestinthejob,andtendalsotobebored,accordingtoGibson.Andangryemployeestendtofeel"stuck"inthejoB.Thestudydidnotspeculateonwhatpercentageofangryworkersarelikelytoresorttoviolence.Itdidfindthattheyfeellessloyaltoanemployer.TherehavebeenanumberofworkplaceshootingsintheUnitedStatesovertheyears,mostrecentlyrampagesinGeorgiaandAlabamawhichleft12dead.

1.What'sthemeaningof"stuck"inLine2ParA.1?

2.Accordingtothepassage,theangryworkersaremorelikelytodothefollowingEXCEPT（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseforanger?

4.Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?

5.Whichisbestfitforthetitle?

问题1选项

A.Attracted

B.Trapped

C.Puzzled

D.Irritated

问题2选项

A.quittheirjobs

B.feelboredom

C.havelessloyalty

D.resorttoviolence

问题3选项

A.Greatpressure.

B.Lessmotion.

C.Fearanduncertainty.

D.Quarrelwithabossorotheremployees.

问题4选项

A.Aconsiderablenumberofangryworkersdeveloptheirangelintoaggression.

B.Therelationshipbetweentheworkerandthebossistheprimaryreasonforangeratwork.

C.Angryworkersaremorelikelytolosetheirjobsthanothersasaresult.

D.Economicenvironmentmightbetherootcauseforthefeelingofangeratwork.

问题5选项

A.TheIncreasingViolenceofAngryWorkers.

B.ChronicAngerinU.S.Workplace.

C.TheCauseforAngryWorkers.

D.TheConflictbetweenCapitalandLabor.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.语义题。根据句意,许多工人会对工作感到厌倦、低迷,觉得在工作中不能胜任。stuck字面意思为"困住",被工作"困住",意为工作使他们困惑。选项C正确。

2.细节判断题。根据原文内容可知,处于愤怒中的员工会对工作感到无聊,忠诚度会降低,甚至有暴力倾向。只有选项A在文中没有提及。

3.细节判断题。根据第一段的最后一句"Employeesaremostlikelytobeangeredbyabossorsupervisorbyafellowemployeeorbyothersintheworkplacenotbeingproductive,bytightdeadlinesorbyheavyworkloads."员工最容易被老板或主管、同事或工作场所其他人的低效、紧迫的最后期限或沉重的工作负担激怒。只有选项B未提及。

4.细节推断题。根据第二段的第一句"Aturbulenteconomicenvironmentthathasproduced,ontheonehand,productivityandgrowthand,ontheother,wrenchingchangeanduncertainty,hasbuffetedtheworkplace."经济环境一方面的改变提升了生产力,另一方面带来了痛苦的变化和不确定性,对职场造成了冲击。由此推断,经济环境的改变可能是工作中产生愤怒情绪的根本原因。选项D正确。其他选项均表述错误。

5.主旨大义题。本文主要分析了angryworkers出现的原因以及现状。选项B更符合原文。

5.单选题

Noonereallyknowswhocomposedthispieceofmusic,butithadbeen（）toBach.

问题1选项

A.associated

B.identified

C.attributed

D.considered

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。associate通常与with搭配,意为"交往,结合";identifyto"认出,识别";attributeto"归属,把……归于",consider不与to搭配。句意：没人知道是谁谱写了这首曲子,但它是巴赫的作品。选项C正确。

6.单选题

Plasticbagsareusefulforholdingmanykindsoffood（）theircleanness,toughnessandlowcost.

问题1选项

A.byvirtueof

B.bymeansof

C.atsightof

D.bywayof

【答案】A

【解析】介词词义辨析。byvirtueof"由于,凭借";bymeansof"用,依靠";atsightof"一看见";bywayof"经由,当作"。句意：塑料袋可用来装各种食品,因为它清洁、耐用又价廉。选项A符合句意。

7.单选题

Despitedecadesofscientificresearch,nooneyetknowshowmuchdamagehumanactivityisdoingtotheenvironment.Humansarethoughttoberesponsibleforawholehostofenvironmentalproblems,rangingfromglobalwarmingtoozonedepiction.Whatisnotindoubt,however,isthedevastatingeffecthumansarehavingontheanimalandplantlifeoftheplanet.

Currently,anestimated50,000speciesbecomeextincteveryyear.Ifthiscarrieson,theimpactonalllivingcreaturesislikelytobeprofound,saysDrNickMiddleton,ageographeratOxfordUniversity."Allspeciesdependinsomewayoneachothertosurvive.Andthedangeristhat,ifyouremoveonespeciesfromthisverycomplexwebofinterrelationships,youhaveverylittleideaabouttheknock-oneffectsontheecosystem.So,ifyouloseakeyspecies,youmightcauseawholecascadeofotherextinctions."

Complicatingmattersisthefactthattherearenoobvioussolutionstotheproblem.Unlikeglobalwarmingandozonedepletion―which,ifthepoliticalwillwasthere,couldbereducedbycuttinggasemissionspreservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.

Thelatestideais"sustainablemanagement",whichisseenasapracticalandeconomicalwayofprotectingspeciesfromextinction.Thismeanshumansshouldbeabletouseanyspeciesofanimalorplantfortheirbenefit,providedenoughindividualsofthatspeciesareleftalivetoensureitscontinuedexistence.

Forinstance,insteadofdependingonlargelyineffectivelawsagainstpoaching,itgiveslocalpeopleagoodeconomicreasontopreserveplantsandanimals.InZimbabwe,thereisasustainablemanagementprojecttoprotectelephants.Foreigntouristspaylargesumsofmoneytokilltheseanimalsforsport.Thismoneyisthengiventotheinhabitantsoftheareawherethehuntingtakesplace.Intheory,localswillbeencouragedtoprotectelephants,insteadofpoachingthem―orallowingother；topoachthem-becauseoftheeconomicbenefitinvolved.

Thissoundslikeasensiblestrategy,butitremainstobeseenwhetheritwillwork.Withcorruptionendemicinmanydevelopingcountries,someobserversareskepticalthatthemoneywillactuallyreachthepeopleitisintendedfor.Otherswonderhoweffectivethelocalswillbeatstoppingpoachers.

Therearealsoquestionsaboutwhethersustainablemanagementispracticalwhenitcomestoprotectingareasofgreat-bio-diversitysuchastheworld'stropicalforests.Intheory,theprincipleshouldbethesameaswithelephants―allowloggingcompaniestocutdownacertainnumberoftrees,butnotsomanyastocompletelydestroytheforest.

Sustainablemanagementofforestsrequirescontrolsonthenumberoftreeswhicharecutdown,aswellasinvestmentinreplacingthem.Butbecausealmostalltropicalforestsarelocatedincountrieswhichdesperatelyneedrevenuefromlogging,therearcfewregulationstodothis.Moreover,unrestrictedloggingissomuchmoreprofitablethatwoodpricesfrommanagedforestswouldcostuptofivetimesmore―anincreasethatconsumers,nomatterhow"green",areunlikelytopay.

Forthesereasons,sustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsisunlikelytobecomewidespreadinthenearfuture.Thisisdishearteningnews.It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.Inonestudyofafive-square-kilometerareaofrainforestinPeru,forinstance,scientistscounted1,300speciesofbutterflyand600speciesofbirD.IntheentirecontinentalUnitedStates,only400speciesofbutterflyand700speciesofbirdhavebeenrecorded.

ScientistProfessorNormanMyersseesthissituationasagigantic"experimentwe'reconductingwithourplanet"."Wedon'tknowwhattheoutcomewillbe.Ifwemakeamessofit,wecan'tmovetoanotherplanet."It'sacaseofoneplanet,oneexperiment."

1.Whatdamagedoweknowforsureishumanactivitydoingtotheenvironment?

2.Whatisaneffectivewaytopreservebiodiversity?

3.WhatisNOTtrueabouttheideaofsustainablemanagement?

4.Whatfactor(s)mightaffectthepracticalityofsustainablemanagement?

5.Whyissustainablemanagementoftropicalforestsunlikelytobeusedinthenearfuture?

问题1选项

A.Globalwarming.

B.Ozonedepletion.

C.Speciesextinction.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题2选项

A.Reductionoftheimpactofspeciesextinctiononothers.

B.Sustainablemanagementoftheworlds'tropicalforests.

C.Encouragementofpoliticalwilltoreducegasemission.

D.Noneoftheabove.Noeffectivewayhasbeenfoundyet.

问题3选项

A.Itbansanyformofpoachingandloggingtoprotectplantsandanimals.

B.Itallowshumanstocutplantsandkillanimalsforeconomicbenefits.

C.Itensuresthesurvivalofeachspeciesbyleavingenoughindividualsalive.

D.Itencourageshumanstoprotectspeciesfromextinctionforeconomicgain.

问题4选项

A.Whetherthereiscorruptioninthegovernment.

B.Whethertherearecorrespondingregulations.

C.Whetherproducedgoodshaveattractiveprices.

D.Alloftheabove.

问题5选项

A.BecausetropicalforestscontainamajorityofanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.

B.BecausewehavetowaituntiltheexperimentinPeruandtheU.S.isfinished.

C.Becausewehavenoideaaboutilseffect,andifitfails,ourplanetwillbedestroyed.

D.Becausebesidestropica!forests,otherareassuchastheU.S.alsohavebiodiversity

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的二三句可知，选项A，B，C三项都是人类活动对环境所产生的影响，所以选项D正确。

2.根据第三段的最后一句“preservingbiodiversityremainsanintractableproblem.”保护生物多样性仍然是一个棘手的问题。也就是说目前还没有找到有效的方法。所以选项D符合原文。

3.根据第四段对“可持续管理”的描述可知，人类能够为了自己的利益而使用任何物种的动物或植物，前提是该物种中有足够的个体存活下来，以确保其继续存在。再根据第五段的第一句：它为当地人民保护动植物提供了一个很好的经济理由，而不是依靠基本上无效的反偷猎法。所以选项A不正确。

4.根据第六段的一二句（对应选项A）以及第八段的内容（对应选项B和C）可知，A，B，C三项均是影响“可持续管理”的因素，所以选项D正确。

5.根据倒数第二段的第三句“It'sestimatedtheseforestscontainanythingfrom50to90percentofallanimalandplantspeciesonEarth.”据估计，这些森林包含了地球上所有动植物物种的50%到90%。所以选项A符合原文。

8.单选题

CaliforniansandNewEnglandersspeakthesamelanguageand（）bythesamefederallaws.

问题1选项

A.conform

B.abide

C.sustain

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。abideby指"遵守...";conform"遵守,符合",一般与to和with搭配;sustain"承受;维持";comply"遵从，服从"，一般与with搭配。句意：加利福尼亚人和新英格兰人说同一种语言,并且遵守同样的联邦法律。选项B正确。

9.单选题

Hewasinextremestateofdistressanddepressionwhenheknewthathehad（）lungcancer.

问题1选项

A.extracted

B.contracted

C.abstracted

D.attracted

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配题。contractadisease为固定搭配,意为"感染疾病";extract"提取;搾出",一般与介词from连用;abstract"提取,摘要";attract"吸引,引起…的注意"。句意：当他知道自己得了肺癌时，他极度痛苦和沮丧。

10.单选题

Sometravelersbelievecarriersintentionallygroundhalf-filledflightstocutcost,onlytofilluplaterplanes.Mysteriouscancellationsjustrubpeoplethewrongway.OnepassengercomplainedthatanAmericanAirlinesgateagenttoldhimhedidn'thavethefoggiestideawhyaflighthadbeencancelleD.Waryoflostbagsandlongwaitsatcheck-inandluggagecarousel,manypassengerstrytolugasmuchcarry-onbaggageastheycan,slowingboardingandincreasingthestressonotherpassengers.StephanieMehas,apassenger,said,"Alwayspacktwoproperlysizedcarryons,"shesays,"butmanypeoplecomebangingdowntheaislewithmultiplebags,expectingtojamthemallintheoverheadbin."Thiscanbedangerous.Fallingcarry-onbagsannuallyinjurethousandsofpassengers.

Astothepresentsituation,veteranairlineobserverRobertPoolecontendsthatlegislationandindustrypromises"arestopgaps".Greaterregulationwilldonothingtospurinnovation,and,henotes,between1998and2010,airtravelinAmericawillhaveexpended40percenttoonebillionannualpassengers,overwhelmingourreadystrainedinfrastructure.Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend.Theultimatesolution,saysPoole,istocompletethe"unfinishedrevolution"thatbeganin1978withgovernmentderegulationofairlineroutesandfares.Poolebelievesthattheantiquated,overlybureaucraticair-traffic-controlsystemcouldbeprivatized,followingthesuccessfulmodelofNavCanada,whichuseshigh-techequipmentandmodernadministrativeprocedure.Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets.Moreoftheseairportswillrelievethepressureonthebigairports,butputpressureonthecarrierstoimprove.

1.Thesentence"..didn'thavethefoggiestidea"inLine3means（）.

2.ToomuchhandbaggagecancausesomeproblemsEXCEPT（）.

3.InPoole'sview,whichofthefollowingwilldoforachange?

4.Besidesprivatization,Poolealsoputsforwardanothersolution,thatis（）

5.Whichofthefollowingbestfitsforthetitle?

问题1选项

A.hedidn'tknow

B.heknew,butcouldn'tsay

C.bevaguelyknew

D.hewasnotinapositiontoknow试题分析

问题2选项

A.safetyproblemsonboardtheplane

B.moretimeinboarding

C.pressureonotherpassengers

D.disorderontheplane

问题3选项

A.Legislation.

B.Industrycommitment.

C.Regulation.

D.Expansionofthepresentsystem.

问题4选项

A.moreuseofjets

B.lessrestrictiononroutesandfares

C.theadoptionofhigh-techequipment

D.establishmentofsecondaryairports

问题5选项

A.TheAirlinesAreinTrouble

B.TheInefficiencyoftheAirlines

C.ProblemsandSolutionsfortheAirlines

D.TheSystemoftheAirlinesShouldChange

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节推斷题。foggiest的原形是foggy,意为"模糊的"。这句话的意思是,哪怕是模糊的信息都不清楚,也就是一点都不知道的意思。选项A正确。

2.细节判断题。根据第一段的内容可知,行李过多会导致登机速度更慢,也增加了其他乘客的压力。放在行李架上也会有掉落的风险从而伤到其他人,所以选项A,B,C均正确,只有选项D未提及。

3.细节推断题。根据题干关键词Poole定位到第二段。根据第三句"Unlessthesystemisexpended,hepredictscustomerservicewillcontinueitsover-alldownwardtrend."他预计,除非该系统得到扩展,否则客户服务将继续全面下滑。选项D符合原文。

4.细节推断题。根据第二段的倒数第二句"Anotherinnovationthathasshowngreatpromiseabroadissmaller,privatelyownedairportsofferingpoint-to-pointserviceusingnewfuel-efficientjets."。另一项在海外表现出巨大前景的创新是小型私人机场,它们使用新型节油飞机提供点对点服务。选项A正确。

5.主旨大义题。本文讲述了航天系统所岀现的问题及其解决策略。选项C符合文章主旨。

11.单选题

（）intheirislandcommunity,thevarioustribesusedlanguageswhichbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother's.

问题1选项

A.Managed

B.Shrunk

C.Assumed

D.Isolated

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。manage"经营,管理";shrink"收缩,退缩";assume"假设,猜想";isolate"使隔离,使孤立,使脱离"。句意：在与世隔绝的岛上，各个部落使用的语言越来越相似。选项D符合句意。

12.单选题

Mostofthecivilservantsinvolvedintheaffairhavebeensuccessfully（）andsentenced.

问题1选项

A.prosecuted

B.propagated

C.persecuted

D.precipitated

【答案】A

【解析】prosecute"起诉,告发";propagate"传播,传送;繁殖";persecute"迫害,困扰";precipitate"使沉淀;促成"。句意：大部分涉案公务员已被成功检控和判刑。选项A符合句意。

13.单选题

Thevirusattackstheplant,theflowerdoesnotopen,and（）noseedsareproduced.

问题1选项

A.consequently

B.subsequently

C.simultaneously

D.spontaneously

【答案】A

【解析】副词辨析题。consequently因此，结果；subsequently随后，后来；simultaneously同时地；spontaneously自发地，不由自主地。句意：病毒攻击植物，花不能开放，因此种子也没有发芽。这里强调的是因果联系，所以选项A正确。

14.单选题

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythingsthatpeopledoorsay.

问题1选项

A.offended

B.wounded

C.stimulated

D.motivated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。offend"冒犯;进攻";wound"伤害,受伤";stimulate"刺激,鼓舞";motivate"承受,具有,支撑"。根据or可以推断填空处应与hurt意思相近。wound一般指外伤,伤口,不符合句意,所以选项A正确。句意：敏感的人很容易被别人的言行伤害或冒犯。

试题答案

A

15.单选题

Shecriticizedmywritingbutinawaythatwasvery（）.Ilearnedalotfromher.

问题1选项

A.autonomous

B.constructive

C.fundamental

D.elementary

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析题。autonomous"自治的";constructive"有益的,建没性的";fundamental"基本的,必要的";elementary"基本的,初级的"。句意：她批评了我的写作，但批评的方式很有建设性。我从她身上学到了很多。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Idon'tsaythattopersuadeyou,butmerelyto（）myconscience.

问题1选项

A.revolve

B.relieve

C.retrieve

D.revive

【答案】B

【解析】词义辨析题。revolve旋转；循环；relieve解除，减轻；retrieve恢复，取回；revive复活，复兴。四个选项中只有relieve更符合句意。句意：我说这个不是为了劝你，只是为了让我的良心好受些。所以本题选B。

17.单选题

Massproductionis（）onlyinaneconomywithahighlydevelopedtechnology.

问题1选项

A.vulnerable

B.invaluable

C.feasible

D.compatible

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。vulnerable易受攻击的；invaluable无价的；feasible可行的；compatible兼容的。句意：大规模生产只有在技术高度发达的经济中才可行。选项C符合句意。

18.单选题

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto（）,it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

问题1选项

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。cutoff"切断,中断";carryaway"运走;失去自制力";turnof"关闭";wearoff"逐渐减少,逐渐消失"。句意:既然庆祝的激情已经开始逐渐消失,那么是时候把奥林匹克理想变成现实了。

19.单选题

Whenshelearnedthatshebroketheworldrecord,shefeltanirresistible（）tocryatthewinner'sstand.

问题1选项

A.courtesy

B.demonstrates

C.bravery

D.impulse

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析题。courtesy"礼貌的",demonstrate"举行示威游行（或集会）;说明";bravery"勇敢";impulse"突如其来的念头;剌激,推动力"。句意：当她得知自己打破了世界纪录时，情不自禁地在领奖台上落泪了。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Foryearsthegirlhadharboredher（）againstherstepmother.Today,shefinallygotthecouragetospeakitout.

问题1选项

A.resentment

B.rivalry

C.compulsion

D.concession

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。resentment怨恨，愤恨；rivalry竞争，对抗；compulsion强制，强迫；concession让步。句意：多年来，这个女孩一直对她的继母心怀怨恨。今天，她终于鼓起勇气说了出来。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

Thepoisonproducedbythespider'sskinisso（）thatitwillparalyzeabirdoramonkeyimmediately.

问题1选项

A.lethal

B.liable

C.tedious

D.profound

【答案】A

【解析】形容词的辨析题。lethal"致死的,致命的";liable"有责任的,有义务的";tedious"乏味的,单调的";profound"知识渊博的。句意：蜘蛛皮肤产生的毒液是致命的，它会立即使一只鸟或一只猴子瘫痪。选项A符合句意。

22.单选题

Withoutoutside（）China'sadvertisingcannotreallymatureandobtainafootholdintheglobaladsmarket.

问题1选项

A.prestige

B.consumption

C.pressure

D.controversy

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。prestige"威望,声望";consumption"消费,耗费;pressure"压力,压迫";controversy"争论;争战"。句意:没有外界的争议,中国的广告就不可能真正成熟,并且在全球广告市场上立足。选项D符合句意。

23.单选题

Lastmonth,MarsandEarthwereattheclosestpointsintheir（）orbits.Thedistancebetweenthetwoworldswas68millionkilometers.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.respective

C.rigid

D.reverse

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。identical"恒一的,完全相同的";respective"各自的,分别的";rigid"严格的,僵硬的";reverse"反面的"。句意：上个月火星和地球在各自轨道上的距离最近,两个世界之间的距离是6800万公里。选项B符合句意。

24.单选题

Awayfromtheirprofession,scientistsareinherentlynomorehonestorethicalthanotherpeople.Butintheirprofessiontheyworkinanarenathatputsahigh（）onhonesty.

问题1选项

A.conviction

B.inference

C.caution

D.premium

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配题。putahighpremiumon"髙度重视"。句意：离开他们的职业，科学家本质上并不比其他人更诚实或更有道德。但在他们的职业生涯中，他们是在一个髙度重视诚信的领域里工作的。

25.单选题

Soil（）isanaturalprocess.Itbecomesaproblemwhenhumanactivitycausesittooccurmuchfasterthanundernaturalconditions.

问题1选项

A.preservation

B.abrasion

C.erosion

D.eruption

【答案】C

【解析】名词辨析题。preservation保留，保护；abrasion磨损，损耗；erosion腐蚀，侵蚀；eruption喷发，爆发。句意：土壤侵蚀是一个自然过程。当人类活动导致它比自然条件下发生得快得多时，这就成了一个问题。选项C符合句意。

26.单选题

Duetosluggishmarketconditions,thefactory'sworkforcehas（）fromover4,000toafewhundred.

问题1选项

A.proclaimed

B.dwindled

C.repressed

D.indulged

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析题。proclaimed公告；dwindled减少，变小，缩小；repressed抑制，镇压，约束；indulged放任，放纵。句意：由于市场不景气，工厂的工人已从4000多人减少到几百人。选项B符合句意。

27.单选题

Itisperhaps,noaccidentthatmanyoftheoutstandingfiguresofthepastwereamazinglyversatilemen.Rightupuntilcomparativelyrecenttimes,itwaspossibleforanintelligentpersontoacquainthimselfwithalmosteverybranchofknowledge.Thus,amanofgeniuslikeLeonardodaVinciengagedinmanycareersatonceasamatterofcourse.DaVinciwassobusywithhisnumerousinventionsthathebarelyfoundthetimetocompletehispaintings.HecameveryneartofulfillingtheRenaissanceidealofthe"universalman",themanwhowasproficientateverything.Today,werarely,ifever,hearthatamusicianhasjustinventedanewtypeofsubmarine.

Knowledgehasbecomedividedandsub-dividedintocountless,narrowly-definedcompartments.Thespecialistisrespected;theversatileperson,farfrombeingadmired,ismoreoftenregardedwithsuspicion.Themodemworldisaworldofhighly-skilled"experts"whohavehadtodevotethegreaterpartoftheirlivestoaverylimitedfieldofstudyinordertocompetewiththeirfellows.Butthishasnotbeenachievedwithoutconsiderablecost.Thescientist,whooutsidehisownparticularsubjectislittlemorethanamoron,isamodemphenomenon;asisthemanofletterswhoisbarelyawareofthetremendousstridesthathavebeenmadeintechnology.Similarly,specializationhasindirectlyaffectedquiteordinarypeopleineverywalkoflife.Manyactivitieswhichwereoncepursuedfortheirownsakes,areoftengivenupindespair;theyrequiretechniques,theexpertstellus,whichtakealife-timetomaster.Whylearntoplaythep