2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号19

住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题

Therehasbeensomeinsensiblepeoplewhoattempttoendtheirpains（

）throughsuicide.

问题1选项

A.heartandsoul

B.onthewhole

C.byandlarge

D.onceforall

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。heartandsoul意为“全心全意，完全地”；onthewhole意为“大体上，基本上”；byandlarge意为“总的来说，大体而言”；onceforall意为“一劳永逸地，彻底地，只此一次”。

句意：有一些麻木不仁的人试图通过自杀一次性地结束他们的痛苦。

2.单选题

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime,itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcompositionpublication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeopledrawnbytheauthoris（

）.

2.Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis

（

）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis

（

）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofproseorpoemis（

）.

问题1选项

A.fairlyright

B.ratherbleak

C.veryimpressive

D.quiteencouraging

问题2选项

A.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

问题3选项

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

问题4选项

A.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。

3.单选题

TheUSAhas10percentofthetotalpetroleum（

）oftheworldinitsownterritory,andhasbeenamajorproducerfordecades.

问题1选项

A.reservations

B.reserves

C.potentials

D.reservoirs

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。reservation意为“预约，保留地”；reserve意为“储备（量），储藏（量）”；potential意为“潜在的，有可能的”；reservoir意为“水库，蓄水池”。

句意：美国在自己的领土上拥有世界石油总储量的10%，几十年来一直是主要的生产国。

4.单选题

Don'tbehardonLilly.Sheis（

）andshemaystarttocry.

问题1选项

A.sophisticated

B.sympathetic

C.sensitive

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。sophisticated意为“老练的，见过世面的”；sympathetic意为“同情的，有同情心的”；sensitive意为“敏感的，易受影响的”；sensible意为“理智的，明智的”。

句意：别对莉莉太苛刻。她很敏感，她可能会哭了。

5.单选题

Thiscountrycouldhaveasmanyas10millioncasesofAIDSin2011ifthe（

）isnottakenseriously.

问题1选项

A.equivalent

B.epidemic

C.eruption

D.episode

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。equivalent意为“相等的东西，等量”；epidemic意为“流行病”；eruption意为“喷发，爆发”；episode意为“插曲”。

句意：如果不认真对待该国的疫情，到2011年，该国可能会有多达1000万的艾滋病人。

6.单选题

Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat,whoeveristoblameandwhateverhappensfromnowon,highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.

Butweneedtogofurther.Wemustasksomefundamentalquestionsaboutthefutureofwork.Shouldwecontinuetotreatemploymentasthenorm?Shouldwenotratherencouragemanyotherwaysforself-respectingpeopletowork?Shouldwenotcreateconditionsinwhichmanyofuscanworkforourselves,ratherthanforanemployer?Shouldwenotaimtorevivethehouseholdandneighborhood,aswellasthefactoryandtheoffice,ascentersofproductionandwork?

Theindustrialagehasbeentheonlyperiodofhumanhistoryinwhichmostpeople’sworkhastakentheformofjobs.Theindustrialagemaynowbecomingtoanend,andsomeofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed.Thisseemsadauntingthought.But,infact,itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork.Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom.

Employmentbecamewidespreadwhentheenclosuresofthe17thand18thcenturiesmademanypeopledependentonpaidworkbydeprivingthemoftheuseoftheland,andthusofthemeanstoprovidealivingforthemselves.Thenthefactorysystemdestroyedthecottageindustriesandremovedworkfrompeople’shomes.Later,astransportimproved,firstbyrail,thenbyroad,peoplecommutedlongerdistancestotheirplacesofemploymentuntil,eventually,manypeople’sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived.

Meanwhile,employmentputwomenatadisadvantageasmenandwomenhadsharedtheproductiveworkofthehouseholdandvillagecommunityinpre-industrialtimes,whilenowitbecomescustomaryforthehusbandtogoouttopaidemployment,leavingtheunpaidworkofthehomeandfamilytohiswife.

Alsoasemploymentbecamethedominantformofwork,youngpeopleandoldpeoplewereexcluded—aproblemnow,asmoreteenagersbecomefrustratedatschoolandmoreretiredpeoplewanttoliveactivelives.

Allthismaynowhavetochange.ThetimehascertainlycometoswitchsomeeffortandresourcesawayfromtheUtopiangoalofcreatingjobsforall,totheurgentpracticaltaskofhelpingmanypeopletomanagewithoutfull-timejobs.

1.Researchcarriedoutinrecentopinionpollsshowsthat（

）.

2.Thepassagesuggeststhatweshouldnowreexamineourthinkingaboutthefutureofworkand

（

）.

3.Thearrivaloftheindustrialageinourhistoricalevolutionmeantthat

（

）.

4.Theeffectsofalmostuniversalemploymentbecameoverwhelminginthat

（

）.

5.Thepassageconcludesthat（

）.

问题1选项

A.availableemploymentshouldberestrictedtoasmallpercentageofthepopulation

B.newjobsmustbecreatedinordertorectifyhighunemploymentfigures

C.availableemploymentmustbemostwidelydistributedamongtheunemployed

D.thepresenthighunemploymentfiguresareafactoflife

问题2选项

A.bepreparedtoadmitthatbeingemployedisnottheonlykindofwork

B.createmorefactoriesinordertoincreaseourproductivity

C.setupsmallerprivateenterprisessothatweinturncanemployothers

D.bepreparedtofillintimeathomebytakinguphobbiesandleisureactivities

问题3选项

A.universalemploymentvirtuallyguaranteedprosperity

B.economicfreedomcamewithineveryone’sgrasp

C.patternsofworkwerefundamentallychanged

D.people’sattitudestoworkhadtobereserved

问题4选项

A.thehouseholdandvillagecommunitydisappearedcompletely

B.mennowtraveledenormousdistancestotheirplacesofwork

C.youngandoldpeoplebecamesuperfluouscomponentsofsociety

D.theworkstatusofthosenotinpaidemploymentsuffered

问题5选项

A.thecreationofjobsforallisanimpossibility

B.weshouldhelpthosewhosejobsareonlypart-time

C.peopleshouldstarttosupportthemselvesbylearningapracticalskill

D.oureffortsandresourcesintermsoftacklingunemploymentareinsufficient

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Opinionpollsarenowbeginningtoshowareluctantconsensusthat...highunemploymentisprobablyheretostay.Thismeansweshallhavetofindwaysofsharingtheavailableemploymentmorewidely.（民意测验现在开始显示出一种不情愿的共识……即高失业率很可能会持续下去。这意味着我们必须设法更广泛地分享现有的就业机会）从民意调查结果可知现在失业率很高，现有的就业只能满足一小部分人口，因此选A。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的四个问句（我们是否应该继续把就业视为标准？难道我们不应该鼓励许多其他方式来尊重别人的工作吗？我们是否应该创造条件，让很多人可以为自己工作，而不是为雇主工作？难道我们的目标不应该是重振家庭和社区，以及工厂和办公室，作为生产和工作的中心吗？）可知我们应该改变以前的工作观念，被雇佣并不是工作的唯一方式，B、C、D是改变观念的具体例子，并不能概括其中心观点，因此选A。

3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的itcouldoffertheprospectofabetterfutureforwork（它可以为将来的工作提供更好的前景）可知与A选项“普遍就业实际上保证了繁荣”说法不符，工业时代只是提供一个好的工作机会，并不能保证繁荣；由Universalemployment,asitshistoryshows,hasnotmeanteconomicfreedom（如历史所示，普遍就业并不意味着经济自由）可知B选项“经济自由在每个人的掌握之中”说法不正确；由someofthechangesinworkpatternswhichitbroughtmayhavetobereversed（一些工作模式上的变化可能会被保留）可知与D选项“人们对工作的态度必须保留”不符，通过排除法，因此选C。

4.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的astransportimproved...eventually,manypeople'sworklostallconnectionwiththeirhomelivesandtheplacesinwhichtheylived（随着交通的改善……最终，许多人的工作失去了与他们的家庭生活和他们居住的地方的所有联系）可知人们可以到离家很远的地方工作，因此选B。

5.推理判断题。文章最后一段的内容为：这一切现在可能必须改变。现在是时候把为所有人创造就业的乌托邦式目标的努力和资源，转变为帮助很多没有全职工作的人进行管理的紧迫的实际任务上来。乌托邦表示某些好的，但是无法实现的（或几乎无法实现的）建议、愿望、计划等，由此可知A选项“为所有人创造就业机会是不可能的”符合题意。

7.单选题

WhenDickbegantotellabouthissummervacation,theteacher（

）him（

）,saying"Tellusthatanothertime."

问题1选项

A.cut...down

B.shut...out

C.cut...short

D.shut...off

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。cutdown意为“减少，砍倒”；shutout意为“把……关在门外，阻断（念头、情感等）”；cutshort意为“缩短，打断”；shutoff意为“关闭，停止”。

句意：当Dick开始讲述他的暑假时，教师打断了他，说“下次告诉我们”。

8.单选题

Iphonedhimthismorning,butwhenIsaidwhoIwas,he（

）.

问题1选项

A.rangup

B.hungup

C.shutdown

D.shutup

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。ringup意为“打电话”；hangup意为“挂断电话”；shutdown意为“关闭，停业”；shutup意为“安静，闭嘴”。

句意：我今天早上给他打了电话，但当我告诉他我是谁时，他挂断了电话。

9.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。

句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。

10.单选题

Whenapsychologistdoesageneralexperimentaboutthehumanmind,heselectspeople（

）andasksthemquestions.

问题1选项

A.atlength

B.atrandom

C.inessence

D.inbulk

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。atlength意为“充分地”；atrandom意为“任意地，随便地”；inessence意为“本质上，大体上”；inbulk意为“大量，整批”。

句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时，他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。

11.单选题

HowmuchRobertSmith（

）,thegoalstayedunattained,buthestillwouldn'tgiveup.

问题1选项

A.inspired

B.endeavored

C.distressed

D.confused

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”；endeavor意为“努力，尽力，试图”；distress意为“使悲伤，使苦恼”；confuse意为“使糊涂，使迷惑”。

句意：不管罗伯特•史密斯如何努力，他还是没有达到目标，但他还是不肯放弃。

12.单选题

1.BurtonFeldman,authorofTheNobelPrize:AHistoryofGenius,Controversy,andPrestige,exploresthreesignificantquestionsabouttheNobelPrizes.Thefirstiswhytheybecamesofamousandinfluential.Today,aNobellaureateisgrantedbothapriestlyauraandrealpowers.Perhapsmostpervasivelyinthesciences,laureatesshapefieldsandthepublicperceptionofthem.Likeeverythingthatinspirespublicaweandjealousy,theNobelsawakentheimpsofsatire,notablyintheyearlyanointingoftheIgnobelPrizes.Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.LearningfromtheNobel,newerprizesthatwantvisibilityandprestigeoftenwritebigcheckstothewinners.Severalearlywinners,especiallyMarieCurie,thepoorstudentwhosufferedbuttriumphedforscience,cameequippedwithcompelling,media-friendlystories.Oncefamous,theprizes,liketheOscars,garneredpublicityeachyearsimplybecausetheywerethere.Aisc,asMr.Feldmanrightlysuggests,weneedabridgebetween“esotericknowledge,highintellectualachievementandthemarketplace.”Wecannotunderstandexactlywhatalaureatedidthatissomagnificent,butwecanunderstandtheNobelstampofapproval,thebrandname.AsMr.Feldmanwrites,“Wherecomprehensionfails,celebrityfillsin.”Wetrustthat“Nobelity”computeswithnobility.

2.Thetruebelieverwouldassertthatwerespect,evenrevere,theNobelPrizebecausethewinnerspatentlyandintrinsicallydeserveit.Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman’ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.Lotsoflobbyinggoeson;giventhestakes,thepolitickingcangetrelentless.Itis,however,onlyonefeatureofaselectionprocessthatisbothcompetitiveandstandardizedenoughtoproduceawinningNobelprofile.Mr.FeldmansardonicallyofferspracticaladvicetoaNobelwannabe:TrytoliveinBritain,theUnitedStatesorGermany;gotoaneliteschool;haveagoodmentor,beintherightplace;workhardattherightproblem;winotherprizes;livealongtime,(Thereisoftenatime-lagbetweenachievementandNobelrecognition—16yearsinthecaseofEinstein.In1948,whenT.S.Eliotwasrecognized,hewas60yearsoldandstoopedwithhonors.)

3.TheNobelblundersarepublicknowledge.Themanwhopioneeredpre-frontallobotomiessuccessfullyangledforaNobel;DmitriMendeleev,whoinventedtheperiodictableoftheelements,wasneveralaureate.Fordecades,atomicphysicswaspreferredtoastrophysicsandgeophysics.Onecouldlistfurtherexamples—buteveryprizecompetitionmakeserrorsofcommissionandomission.

4.ThethirdquestionthatMr.Feldmanexploresiswhymistakeshappen,eveninthishonorablecompetition.TheNobels,likeallbutthemostflexibleandidiosyncraticofprizecompetitions,mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.Theymayultimatelyconstrictit—likeplaqueinanartery.ThetermsofNobel’swillmayhavehelpedtodeformtheliteratureawardsbydemandingworkof“anidealistictendency”.Ingeneral,theprizeshaveunderwrittenthemisleadingmythofthetoweringgeniuswhosesolitaryworkwouldeventuallyhelpmany.Thisstressontheheroicindividualmaysoonerorlaterconflictwiththenatureofcontemporaryscience,inwhichmajorworkisdonebyteams—scoresorhundredsoreventhousandsofpeople.

5.Thegenius-dubbingbusinessisneveranybetterthanitsselectionprocess.Thenamesthatsurvivetheprocesscanbenomorecompellingthanthenamessubmitted:garbagein,garbageout,croniesandprotegesin,croniesandprotegesout.(Thisyear’slaureateinliterature,GaoXingjian,hasashistranslatorandbenefactoroneofthe18membersoftheSwedishAcademythetinygroupchargedwithchoosingthewinner)Aisc,peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical(whichcorrodesfairness),andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude(whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture).SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.

6.Mr.Feldman’sconclusionsabouttheNobelsaremeasured,moderateandplausible.Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord;literature,althoughithasbecomemoreadventurousandlessparochial,hasbeenmixed;peace,themostovertlypolitical,reflectsconflictsaboutitspurpose;andeconomicsisthemostinsular,questionedbyseveralofitsmostprominentlaureatestoMr.Feldman’sovertscorn.Onbalance,hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whichofthefollowingisoneofthereasonstheNobelbecamesofamousandinfluential?

2.Thesecondparagraphmakesthepointthat（

）.

3.AllofthefollowingmayexplainwhytheNobelblundersaremadeEXCEPTthat

（

）.

4.AccordingtoMr.Feldman,whichofthefollowingismoreacceptable?

5.Mr.Feldmanwouldmostlikelyagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatements?

问题1选项

A.Itisasymboloffairplay.

B.Ithonorshighintellectualachievement.

C.Itwritesbigchecks.

D.Itattractslotsofcelebrities.

问题2选项

A.Nobelprizesmaynotbeawardedbasedonmerit

B.politickingisthemostimportantfactorintheselectionprocess

C.thereisalackofefficiencyintheselectionprocess

D.it'sbecomingincreasinglydifficultforonetobecomeaNobellaureate

问题3选项

A.theNobelistooflexible

B.theNobelstrictlyfollowstheselectionprinciples

C.theopinionsofthemembersoftheSwedishAcademycanbebiased

D.theselectionprocesslackstransparency

问题4选项

A.Thescienceprizes.

B.Theliteratureprizes.

C.Thepeaceprizes.

D.Theeconomicsprizes.

问题5选项

A.TheNobelismoreimportantthanwerealize.

B.TheNobelshouldbeabolished.

C.TheNobel,thoughnotwithoutitsproblems,isstillnecessary.

D.TheNobelshouldserveasarolemodelforotherprizes.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Inpart,theamountofmoneytheprizecarries(about$910,000in2000)matters;cashvalueblurseasilyintocachet.（在某种程度上，奖金的金额（2000年约为91万美元）很重要；现金价值容易模糊成威望）可知诺贝尔的丰厚奖金使它更声名显赫，因此选C。

2.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Merithastriumphedoverthemundaneandmediocre.Mr.Feldman'ssecondquestioniswhetherithas.（其功绩超过普通人。Feldman先生的下一个问题就是质疑其真实性）可知A“诺贝尔奖的颁发可能不以功绩为依据”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。由文章第四段中的TheNobels…mustworkwithinguidelinesandparameters.（诺贝尔奖……必须在指导方针和参数范围内工作）可知与B选项“诺贝尔奖严格遵循选择原则”相符；由第五段中的peopleintheselectionprocesscanbeatoncemanipulativeandpolitical（在挑选过程中的人可能同时具有操纵性和政治性）（whichcorrodesfairness它腐蚀了公平）,andconvincedoftheirowngoodfaithandrectitude（坚信自己的诚意和正直）（whichblindsthemtotheirownweaknessesandthoseoftheirculture使他们看不到自己的弱点和他们文化的弱点）可知与C选项“瑞典科学院成员的意见可能是有失偏颇的”相符；由第五段中的SecrecyasstrictasthatwhichcloakstheNobelPrizecanhinderfresh,correctivecriticism.（诺贝尔保密性阻碍了新的、纠正性的批评）可知与D选项“甄选过程缺乏透明度”相符；故可排除B、C、D，因此选A。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Thescienceprizesemergewiththebestrecord.（科学奖以最好的成绩出现）可知Feldman先生对科学奖的评价最高，因此选A。

5.推理判断题。由文章最后一段中的hebelievesthattheprizesare“healthier”thantheywereacenturyago;a“desperatelyneededsymbolofauthorityandcoherenceinanagewhenallstandardsareunderattack”;andastimulusforourcapacitytowonderatgreatness.（他认为这些奖项比一个世纪前更“健康”；是“在所有标准都受到攻击的时代，迫切需要权威和一致性的象征”；以及刺激我们对伟大事物惊叹不如的能力）可知尽管诺贝尔奖有一些问题，但还是有存在的必要，因此选C。

13.单选题

Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we（

）soformally.

问题1选项

A.needn'tdressup

B.didnotneedhavedressedup

C.didnotneeddressup

D.needn'thavedressedup

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。needn’thavedone意为“不必做的事而做了”。

句意：原来只是一个小型家庭聚会，我们没必要打扮得这么正式。

14.单选题

Oncethevice-chancellorofauniversityis（

）,hebeginshistermofoffice.

问题1选项

A.launched

B.commenced

C.inaugurated

D.initiated

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。launch意为“发射”；commence意为“开始，着手”；inaugurate意为“为（某人）举行就职典礼，启动，开创”；initiate意为“开始，发起”。

句意：大学副校长就职典礼一旦举行，他就开始了任期。

15.单选题

Heknowslittleofmathematics,and（

）ofchemistry.

问题1选项

A.evenmore

B.stillless

C.noless

D.stillmore

【答案】B

【解析】考查比较级。even,still修饰表示级，意为“更……”，little的比较级为less，因此选B。

句意：他数学懂得很少，化学懂得更少了。

16.问答题

Inthesedays,withtherisingcostoflife(A),itis(B)dangerousfor(C)amarriedmantoriskhisplaceinhisprofessionorinhiscommunity(D).

【答案】试题答案：A;costofliving

【解析】考查名词辨析。life意为“生活，生命”，强调生活的状态；living意为“生活，生计，谋生”，强调生计，costofliving意为“生活成本”。

17.问答题

Humanbeingsaresocial(A)animalswhousuallyprefernotliving(B)in(C)physicalorpsychologicalisolation(D).

【答案】试题答案：B;tolive

【解析】考查固定搭配。prefertodosth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

18.单选题

Alotofsmallchildrenoften（

）whyairplanecanflylikebirdswhilewehumanscannot.

问题1选项

A.assure

B.wonder

C.anticipate

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。assure意为“向……保证”；wonder意为“想知道，好奇”；anticipate意为“预料，预期”；assume意为“假定，认为”。

句意：很多小孩经常好奇为什么飞机可以像鸟儿一样飞行，而我们人类不行。

19.单选题

Heseemstobe（

）enoughtoclimbtothemountaintopinanhour.

问题1选项

A.radiant

B.conscientious

C.conspicuous

D.energetic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。radiant意为“光芒四射的，辐射的”；conscientious意为“认真负责的”；conspicuous意为“明显的”；energetic意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”。

句意：他似乎精力充沛，能够在一小时内爬上山顶。

20.单选题

Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme（

）shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.

问题1选项

A.eversince

B.muchas

C.eventhough

D.ifonly

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。eversince意为“自从”；muchas意为“尽管，虽然”；eventhough意为“即使，纵然”；ifonly意为“只要”。

句意：那个在借记台的年长的图书管理员答应我，只要她记得谁最后借了这本书，就会把书给我。

21.单选题

Everythingintheshopistooexpensive;Iwon'tpay$200forthefurcoatbecauseitisnotworth（

）.

问题1选项

A.allthatmuch

B.thatmuchall

C.thatallmuch

D.muchallthat

【答案】A

【解析】考查限定词词序。限定词的排序：前位限定词（指量限定词all，both，half等；倍数词、分数词等）+中位限定词（冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格）+后位限定词（序数词、基数词，数量词及短语many，much，little，few，plentyof，alotof）。

句意：商店里的东西都太贵了；我不会付200美元买这件毛皮大衣，因为它根本不值这么多钱。

22.单选题

Heisholdinga（

）positioninthecompanyandexpectstobepromotedsoon.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.succeeding

C.subordinate

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。successive意为“连续的，相继的”；succeeding意为“以后的，随后的”；subordinate意为“级别或职位较低的”；subsequent意为“后来的”。

句意：他在公司正处于一个低级的职位，他期望能很快晋升。

23.单选题

JimFixhadbeenaheavysmokerandweighed214poundswhenhetookuprunninginthe1960s.Hesoon_51_thebenefitsfromrunning.Hisweightdecreasedby60poundsbythetimehisbookTheCompleteBookofRunningwaspublished.Hisbook_52_millionsofpeople.Inhisbookandontelevisiontalkshows.Hepraisedthebenefitsofphysicalexerciseandhowit_53_andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy.Hisreadersandaudiencebecamemorehealth-conscious.However,totheirshock,Fixdiedattheageof52afterhisdailyrun.Manywhoopposedhisbeliefssaidthiswas_54_thatrunningwasharmful.However,hissupporters_55_thattherealcauseofFix’sdeathwasaheartattack.Hecamefromafamilywheremenhadpoorhealthstories.Hisfather_56aheartattackattheageof35anddiedofoneat42.GivenFix’sunhealthylifestyleuntilhetookuprunning,manyarguedthatrunningaddedmanyyearstohislife.

“Runningdoeshaveitsshortcomings,”_57_heartspecialistPaulThomas,inarecentmedicaljournal.“The_58_canbehardonyourknees.Runnersaremoreatriskduringtheirtraining,_59_iftheyrunmarathons._60_,thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad.Evidencesuggestsinspiteofitsshortcomings,moderateamountofrunningexercisecanactuallyresultinalonger,improvedlife.”

问题1选项

A.praised

B.favored

C.reaped

D.applied

问题2选项

A.inspired

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

问题3选项

A.compatibly

B.disappointed

C.awarded

D.rewarded

问题4选项

A.endurance

B.evidence

C.supplement

D.allowance

问题5选项

A.rewrote

B.revised

C.reversed

D.revealed

问题6选项

A.obtained

B.sustained

C.suffered

D.surpassed

问题7选项

A.acknowledges

B.pledges

C.communicates

D.apologizes

问题8选项

A.consequence

B.impact

C.weight

D.press

问题9选项

A.explicitly

B.particularly

C.commonly

D.singularly

问题10选项

A.However

B.Furthermore

C.Moreover

D.Also

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

第6题:C

第7题:A

第8题:B

第9题:B

第10题:A

【解析】51.考查逻辑关系。由前面句意“JimFix在20世纪60年代开始跑步时，曾是一名烟民，体重214磅”和后面句意“他的体重减少了60磅”可知此处表示跑步带来的好处，因此填reap（取得（成果），收获）。

52.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知JimFix在出版书时，通过跑步体重减少了60磅，这是一件正面积极的事，可知此处表示他的书鼓励了其他人，因此选A。

53.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的andincreasedtheaveragepeople’slifeexpectancy（并提高人的平均寿命）可知D选项最为恰当，表示“运动是怎样回报人的，以及增加人均寿命”。

54.考查名词辨析。endurance意为“忍耐力，耐久力”；evidence意为“证据，迹象”；supplement意为“补充”；allowance意为“津贴，补贴”。此处表示很多反对他的人说他的死是证明跑步有害的证据，因此选B。

55.考查动词辨析。rewrite意为“重写，改写”；revise意为“修改（意见或计划），修订（书刊）”；reverse意为“颠倒，使反转”；reveal意为“揭示，显示”。此处表示“他的支持者揭示出他的真正死因是心脏病”，因此选D。

56.考查动词辨析。obtain意为“获得，得到”；sustain意为“维持，保持”；suffer意为“遭受”；surpass意为“超过”。此处表示“他的父亲在35岁时遭受心脏病”，因此选C。

57.考查动词辨析。acknowledge意为“承认”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”；communicate意为“沟通，交流”；apologize意为“道歉，认错”。此处表示“PaulThomas承认跑步的不足之处”，因此选A。

58.考查名词辨析。consequence意为“结果，成果”；impact意为“影响”；weight意为“重量”；press意为“压，按”。此处表示“对膝盖的影响会比较大”，因此选B。

59.考查副词辨析。explicitly意为“明白地，明确地”；particularly意为“特别，尤其”；commonly意为“通常地”；singularly意为“非常地”。此处表示“跑步的人在训练中的风险更大，尤其是如果他们跑马拉松的话”，因此选B。

60.考查逻辑关系。由空格后的thenewsforrunnersisn’tallbad（对于跑步者来说，这个消息并不全是坏消息）以及空格前提到跑步的不好之处，可知此处表示对比，因此选A，however意为“然而”，可表示转折关系。

24.单选题

Heusually（

）hisemotionsandappearscalm.

问题1选项

A.holdsup

B.holdsback

C.holdson

D.holdstight

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。holdup意为“举起”；holdback意为“退缩，忍住，抑制住”；holdon意为“等一下，坚持不懈，握住”；holdtight意为“抓紧，抓牢，暂不行动”。

句意：他通常会控制自己的情绪，表现得很平静。

25.问答题

Hearguesthathewouldnotwant(A)hischildrenhavetosuffer(B)hardshipornotbe(C)sociallyacceptablebecauseoflackofmoney(D).

【答案】试题答案：B;tohavetosuffer

【解析】考查固定句型。wantsb.todosth.为固定搭配，意为“想要某人做某事”。

26.单选题

Thechildrencheeredupwhentheysawhundredsofcolorfulballoons（

）slowlyintothesky.

问题1选项

A.heaving

B.raising

C.ascending

D.floating

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。heave意为“举起”；raise意为“提升，提高”；a