初中英语语法英语从句总结

初中英语语法英语从句总结初中英语语法英语从句总结9/9初中英语语法英语从句总结初中英语语法总结（从句）从句分为定语从句，状语从句和名词从句三大类。定语从句又分为限制性和非限制性从句两种，由关系代词或关系副词指引，修饰主句的某个成分。状语从句分为时间、结果、退步、原由、条件及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包含主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句及therebe句型。主系表构造、主谓（宾）构造、therebe构造是英语的三大基本句式，不论一个句子有多长、多复杂，它老是属于这三大句式中的一种。学习基本句式，句子成分是一个重点的见解，它是指句子的构成单位，不同样的句式由不同样的句子成分构成。如：主系表构造的成分有主语、系动词、表语；主谓（宾）构造的成分有主语、谓语、宾语；therebe构造的主要成分是主语。英语中的句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语，等等。这些句子成分可以由单词、词组或句子充任，当这些成分由句子充任时，我们就有了相应的从句，如：充任主语成分的句子为主语从句，充任宾语成分的句子为宾语从句，等等。英语从句三大种类按一般说法，可分为三大类14种从句。一,名词性从句1主语从句Whetherit'srightornotremainstobeseen.2宾语从句Iwonderwhetherit'srightornot.3同位语从句Thisisaquestionwhetherit'srightornot.4表语从句Thequestioniswhetherit'srightornot.二,定语从句1限制性定语从句SheisthestudentwhocanspeakEnglishwell.2非限制性定语从句Sheisthestudent,whocanspeakEnglishwell.三,状语从句1时间状语从句Thefactwillcomeoutwhenhecomeshere.2地址状语从句Youcangowhereveryoulike.3原由状语从句Paymoreattentiontoyourlessonsbecauseyouareastudent.4方式状语从句Hewalksasifhewereaking.5目的状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshecouldlearnJapanesewell.6结果状语从句ShewenttoJapansothatshelearnedJapanesewell.7条件状语从句Iwillunderstanditifhetellsme.8退步状语从句Heknowsalotthoughheislittle.1．定语从句Therearesomeoldbooksinthebox.TheboydressedinblueisfromAmerica.分清几个见解：先行词与关系代词/关系副词。先行词是指定语从句所修饰的中心词；关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that;关系副词主要有when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词有两个作用，一是连结主句和从句的作用，二是在定语从句中做成分。定语从句分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句假如去掉会影响句子意义的圆满性，非限制性定语从句即便去掉也不会影响句子意义的圆满性，如：Julyisthemonthwhenwehavealotofrain.Therearemanyplays(that)I’dliketosee.Themeetingwasputoff,whichsurprisedusalot.ThisnoteisleftbyMary,whowashereamomentago.非限制性定语从句，其作用为：对所修饰的成分作进一步的说明，它与主句用逗号分开。此类从句省略后其他部分仍可建立。在非限制性定语从句中，which可代表前面的整个句子；代表人时只好用who，whom，而不可以用that；as也可用作关系代词。比方:2.1.Thetelephone，asweknow，wastheinventionofAlexanderGrahamBell．3.2.FranklinD．Roosevelt，whodiedthereonApril12，1945．4.3.Livinginadamp（湿润的）houseforalongtimeisharmfultoone’shealth，whichisknowntoeveryone．限制性定语从句中that可代表人和事，而which只代表事；二者在从句中作主语或宾语。that作宾语经常可省略，which则不可以，并且此后的“不及物动词+介词’’中的介词不可以省略。which作宾语时，先行词与which之间的介词不可以省。比方：6.1.Thefirstdollthatcouldsay“mama”wasinventedin1830．7.2.Thesecondhalfofhisvoyagewasbyfarthemoredangerouspart，duringwhichhesailedroundtheCapeHorn合恩角．代表all，anything，something，nothing，much等词时，用that而不用which，that作宾语可省略。比方：?1.Icareanythingthathassomethingtodowithit．?2.You'dbetterdosomethinghepreferstodotopleasehim．?3.Thatisthelasttimewemeteachother．?4.Icameacrossthewomanyoutoldmeaboutyesterday．?who和whom指引的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句的主语和宾语。where是关系副词，用于表示地址的定语从句，而when用来表示时间。whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语。比方:1.HenryFordisthepersonwhoismostresponsiblefordevelopingtheideaofmassproduction．2.Thekneeisthejointwherethethighbonemeetsthelargeboneofthelowerleg．?3.Thenextmorning，whenshecamedowntobreakfast，Marywasbeamingwiththepleasureofanew，greatdiscovery．4.Thevisitingprofessorisafamousscientistwhosesonstudiesinmydepartment．注意几点：that可代替who,whom（指人），也可代替which（指物）whose既可指人又可指物指引定语从句的关系代词紧跟介词做从句的宾语时，不用that,只用which//不可以用which,只好用that的状况.几个例子：Isshethegirlthat/whosellsflowers?Thetrainthat/whichhasjustleftisforXi’an.Thepeople(who/that/whom)youweretalkingtowereRussians.ThegirltowhomIspokeismycousin.Ihavenevermettheboywhosemotherisafamousactress.Mybookisonthetablewhoselegsarebroken.HewenttoChinain1945,whentheWarWorldIIwasover.Look,thisisthehousewherethewriterwasborn.Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench(扳手).2．状语从句Heswimsfast.Nervous,heopenedtheletter.Legsbroken,thesoldiercrawledbackhome.Sheusedtostayupuntilmidnight.Withabookinhishand,theteachercamein.状语从句可分为：时间状语从句(主要由when，whenever，after，before，a5，since，once，until，while等连词指引)，结果状语从句(由sothat和suchthat连结)，退步状语从句(由though，although，nomatter，evenif，however，whatever等词指引)，原由状语从句(由as，because，since和for指引)，条件状语从句(由if，whether，aslongas，providedthat等词指引)，地址状语从句(由where指引)，行为方式状语从句(由as指引)。有时条件状语从句中，主句不可以够用未来时，而用一般时代替。?状语从句中的“主语+be”可以省略，前提是：从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语“be”省略后的构造为“连词+此刻分词／过去分词介词短语／形容词／名词短语”。)比方：1.Ifnecessary，Iwouldliketoseeyouinyouroffice.?2.Althoughseriouslywounded，henevercomplained．条件状语从句：1）Let'sgooutforawalkunlessyouaretootired.(当于ifnot)即：Ifyouaretootired,we’llnotgooutforawalk.2）Youmayborrowmybookaslongasyoukeepitclean.

除非,若不；相(只需，表示条件的独一性

)3）Takeyourumbrellaincaseitrains.（以防，免得4）Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepasecret.(条件是)5）Supposingitrains,shallwecontinuethesportsmeeting?(6）Hewon'tbeagainstusinthemeetingprovided/providingthatweaskforhisadviceinadvance.(假如,除非以为条件)7）Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.(

）假如,假如)一旦就--)方式状语从句方式状语从句平常由

as,(just)as

so,asif,asthough

指引。1）as,(just)

asso指引的方式状语从句平常位于主句后，但在

(just)

asso构造中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，比方：Alwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneby.你希望人家如何待你，你就要如何待人。Aswateristofish,soairistoman.我们离不开空气，仿佛鱼儿离不开水。2）asif,asthough二者的意义和用法同样，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚假语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所讨状况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"忧如似的"，"忧如似的"，比方：Theycompletelyignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverexisted.他们圆满忽视了这些事实，就忧如它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚假语气。）Helooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbylighting.他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚假语气。）Itlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverysoon.看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈说语气。）说明：asif/asthough也可以指引一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，比方：Hestaredatmeasifseeingmeforfirsttime.他目不斜视地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。Heclearedhisthroatasiftosaysomething.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。比较状语从句1）Youseemtoknowmusicaswellasyouknowastronomy(天文学).(asas构造)2）Therewasnogardensolovelyashisinthiscity.(nosoas结构)3）Finallyhehasmadeasmuchmoneyashewanted.(as+adj+n.+as结构)4）Yourwatchisnotthesameashis.(thesameas构造)5）Inevermetsuchamanasyouryoungerbrother.(suchas构造)6）Shestudiesmorediligentlythanherclassmates.(morethan构造)7）Nootherbookhashadagreaterinfluenceonmylife.(否认词和比较级连用表示最高等含义。)8）Thisteacherexplainedtheproblemmoreclearlythananyotherteacher.(比较级与“anyotherone”连用表示最高等含义。)9）Themoreyouread,thebetterwillyouwrite.(themorethemore构造)11)Heearnednomorethan800dollarsamonth.他一个月只挣800美元。（no+比较级+than构造）.3．名词从句名词从句包含主语从句、宾语从句，此中有介词与形容词的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。1）主语从句Heisateacher.LearningEnglishwellcouldtakeyoualotoftime.a.由what、wh-ever等代词指引的主语从句,一般放在句首，不可以用it做形式主语：WhatIwanttoknowishisaddress.Whateverwassaidheremustbekeptsecret.Whatevershedidwasright.Whoevercomeswillbewelcome.b.由连词that指引的主语从句,在大部分状况下，这个从句都放在句子后部，而用代词it作形式上的主语：ThatImaynotbeabletocomeispossible.=ItispossiblethatImaynotbeabletocome.Thatweneedmoreequipmentisquiteobvious.=Itisobviousthatweneedmoreequipment.Thathewillrefusetheofferisunlikely.=Itisunlikelythathe三个固定句型(属于此类)：wilIt+名称+that：Itisapitythatwecan’tgo.lIt+形容词+that：ItisclearthatTomhasreturned.refIt+过去分词+that：Itissaid/believed/reported/knownthat.usetheoffer.c.由连结代词或连结副词（或whether）指引的主语从句,这个从句可以直接放在句首作主语，也可放到句子后部去，前面用it作形式主语：Whichisthebetterchoiceisobvious.=Itisobviouswhichisthebetterchoice.Whowillgoforthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.=Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillgoforthemeeting.Wherehelosthisgoldwatchremainedamystery.=Itremainedamysterywherehelosthisgoldwatch..Whenweshallhaveoursportsmeetisstillaquestion.=Itisstillaquestionwhenweshallhaveoursportsmeet.Whetherhewilljoinuswon’tmakemuchdifference.=Itwon’tmakemuchdifferencewhetherhewilljoinus.Whytheoldmanwenttothecastleisstillunknown.=Itisstillunknownwhytheoldmanwenttothecastle.Howhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungagefascinatedmanypeople.=Itfascinatedmanypeoplehowhehadmanagedtoachievesomuchatsuchayoungage.宾语从句HelikesChineseverymuch.I’msurprisedathisyoungage.a.由that指引的宾语从句，一般做动词的宾语，that可以省略thIdon’tdoubt(that)theywillbeabletoovercomethedifficulties.SheremindedmethatIhadameetingtoattendthatevening.b.由what，who，which,how，where，when,whether(if)等指引的宾语从句，既可以做动词的宾语，又可以做介词的宾语Idon’tknowwhetherthesefiguresareaccurate.I’llreadwhicheverbookyourecommend.I’llshowyouwhatIhaveputdowninmynote-bookHassheinformedyouwhentheyaretoholdthemeeting.Shewasneversatisfiedwithwhatshehadachieved.Whetherthatisagoodsolutiondependsonhowyoulookatit.c.在某些句型中，特别是带符合宾语的句子中，that指引的从句经常移到后部去，前面用it做形式宾语Weallthoughtitapitythattheconferenceshouldhavebeencancelled.Itookitforgrantedthattheywerenotcoming.在“be+形容词”这种构造后，that指引的从句，有些在见解上凑近宾语，而在构造上却凑近状语I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.Wearesurethatweshallsuccess.Wearefullyconfidentthatwecanovercomethedifficulties.I’mnotsurewhethershewouldliketheidea.一些表语性的形容词，如：alarmed，amazed，annoyed，astonished，certain，confident，disappointed，glad，pleased，proud，sad，shocked，sure，surprised，worried，ect.做表语时，后边可跟由that，how等指引的宾语从句。比方：1.Iwasamazedhowhecouldpasstheexamwithoutattending2.HeisconfidentthathewillpasstheBand6examination3.Shewassurprisedhowsimplehisproblemis．

the．

lectures

．4.Weareallpleasedthathewillbeabletopassthefinalexamination.表语从句Heiskind./Heisateacher.TheSmithsarefromAustralia.Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.Myideaisthatweshouldsticktoouroriginalplan.WhatIreallywhattoknowishowyouhavemanagedtoremember1000wordswithinanhour.表语从句对主语的内容起解说和论述的作用；若表语从句用that惹起，that起连结作用，不可以省略。表语从句也可用连结词how，when，where，why，what惹起。由because惹起的表