实用经济学研究方法(英文版)课件

ResearchMethodologyinAppliedEconomicsDr.HwangJawLeeVisitingProfessor,CARDZhe-JiangUniversityApril3,20031ResearchMethodologyinApplieWedoabetterjobofteachingtheoryandtoolsthan………teachingtheiruse………Studentsneedmoretrainingintherelevanceandapplicationofthetools.COMMISSIONONGRADUATEEDUCATIONINECONOMICE,AmericanEconomicAssociation,19912WedoabetterjobofteachingResearchmethodologyprovidestheprinciplesfororganizing,planning,designing,andconductingresearch.Thecentralreasonforstudyingresearchmethodologyisthatitprovidesatime-tested,provenmeansofproducingnew,reliableknowledge.3ResearchmethodologyprovidesEconomicresearchmethodologyis,inasense,scienceandartofeconomicsrolledtogether,withitsgoalbeingtobothexpandourknowledgeandmaketheknowledgerelevantthecontemporaryworld.4Economicresearchmethodology■Doingresearchentailsplanninganddesigntheresearchimplementingandcompletingtheanalysisdisseminatingtheresultsoftheresearch5■Doingresearchentailsplann■TwoaspectsofeconomicresearchDiscovery-dealswithformulating,finding,andcreatingnew

knowledgeorinformation-alternativeavenuesofexplorationandthelikerequiringquestioning,probing,pursuingacreativeprocessanartsideofdisciplineConfirmation-dealswithdiscerningthevalidityorreliabilityof

knowledgeorinformation-the“science”sideofdiscipline6■Twoaspectsofeconomicresea□TheDefinitionofResearchWebster’sCollegiateDictionary(1977)studiousinquiryorexamination;esp.:investigationorexperimentationaimedatthediscoveryinterpretationoffacts,revisionofaccptedtheoriesorlawsinthelightofnewfacts,orpracticalapplicationofsuchneworrevisedtheories.7□TheDefinitionofResearchWebAndrewandHildebrand(1982)theorderlyprocedurebywhichmanincreaseshisknowledge.GhebremedhinandTweeten(1988)theapplicationofthescientificapproachtothestudyofaphenomenonLeedy(1985)themannerinwhichweattempttosolveproblemsinasystematicthevalidityofthesolutionstoproblemsothershavepresumablyresolved8AndrewandHildebrand(1982)8Researchisthesystematicapproachtoobtainingnewandreliableknowledge.9Researchisthesystematicapp□ClassificationsofResearchBasicvs.AppliedResearchDisciplinary,Subject-Matter,andProblem-SolvingResearchAnalyticalvs.DescriptiveResearchQualitativevs.QuantitativeResearch10□ClassificationsofResearchB1111□TheDefinitionofMethodologyWebster’sCollegiateDictionary(1977)abodyofmethods,rules,andpostulatesemployedbyadiscipline;…theanalysisoftheprinciplesorproceduresofinquiryinaparticularfield.12□TheDefinitionofMethodology□SchematicoftheResearchProcessSclentlfic/Professionalcommunity(peers)InterpretresultsanddrawconclusionsFormulategoals/objectivesPlananddesignresearchGenerateresearchresultsQuestion/problemFormalTrainingProducers,consumers,policymakersOtherdisciplinesServiceexpertise13□SchematicoftheResearchPr□GuidelinesforhelpingyoutobecreativeGatherandusepreviouslydevelopedknowledge;Exchangeideaswithotherpeople,especiallyyourcolleagues;Captureyourintuitionbyapplyingdeductivelogic;Cultivatetheabilitytolookatthingsinalternativeways;Questionorchallengeassumptions;Practicesearchingforpatternsorrelationshipsamongoccurrencesorthings;14□GuidelinesforhelpingyoutoDonotbeafraidtotakerisks;Cultivateadegreeoftoleranceforuncertainty;Allowyourcuriosity;Whenyouareunabletoresolveatroublesomeproblem,tryabandoningit,atleastinyourconsciousmind,forawhile;Disciplineyourselftowritedownyourthoughts;Createsituationsinwhichyouhavefreedomfromdistraction;15Donotbeafraidtotakerisks□TheSearchforQuantitativeEconomicKnowledge■ThePostulationApproach─logictoobtainknowledgeReal-worldPhenomenaProcessofAbstractionAxiomorPostulatesystemRulesofLogic(TheoremsandLemmas)ConclusionsProcessofInterpretationorRealizationReal-WorldConclusionEvaluation16□TheSearchforQuantitative■TheExperimentalApproach─ReproducibleknowledgeRealPhenomenaConclusionsreachedbyWayofPostulationExperimentalAbstractionSampleObservationsStatisticalInterpretationConclusionsEvaluationExperimentalDesignExperiment17■TheExperimentalApproachRea□TheEconometricApproachTheoryModelEconometricModelFactsDataRefinedDataEstimationoftheEconometricModelwiththeRefinedDataUsingEconometricTechniquesStatisticalTheoryEconometricTechniquesStructuralAnalysisForecastingPolicyEvaluation18□TheEconometricApproachTheo1919□EconometricanalysisofeconomicmodelsEconomictheoryorEconomicmodelEconomicmodelorastatementoftheeconomictheoryinanempiricallytestableformDataSomepriorinformationEstimationofthemodelTestsofanyhypothesissuggestedbyeconomicmod