语法系列句子成分及五大基本句式全解练习

1、欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编 时间 2021.03.10创作：欧阳治Wang Hansong简单句简析不论看上去有多纷繁庞杂的英语句子，删繁就简之后得到的基本框架 皆是由五种基本句式组合而成。故了解并熟知英语简单句的五种基本句式 是理解所有单复句（单句，并列句，复合句，复杂句）的最重要的前提保 证；它同时也是学好各大英语语法的必备条件。简单句的基本句型构成英语句子最重要最基本的组成部分是主语和谓语两大部分。而这两 部分需要由不同功能的词性充当，故了解各种词性的功能成为首要任务。 下面是常见几种词性的主要功能简介各类词性的英文缩写1.2.3.名词 n.主语，宾语，表语；宾语补足语代词 pron.; 主

2、语，宾语，表语语补足-不多见）动词 v.（包括及物词 Vt 和不及物动词 Vi语语此章节不 涉及） 形词 adj.表定时也可以充当状语- 通常修饰名词或代 词 副 ：语（通常修饰动词，形容词，副词；有时也修介词短语） 连 conj.：起到连接两个或两个以上句子成分或句子的功能。 冠 ：语，通常修饰名词了解并熟知常见词性的主要功能，就能够为我们快速抓住句子的主干 部分及理解长难句奠定良好的基础。所以我们平时在背单词时，务必要理 解并记忆其词性。有了这个先决条件，再来学习并运用下面的五种基本句 式就简单多了。 S Vi 主谓结构 2. 十 Vt 十 O 谓宾结构 S 十 P 主系表结构 4. S

3、十 Vt 十 十 O2 主谓双宾结构 5. 十 Vt 十 十 主宾+宾结构解读）语V谓语；系词 表语O宾语； 间接宾语（通常指人接宾语（常指物宾语补足语）（2仔细观察以上五种基本句式，我们不难发现，各句式中的谓语 动词类别并不完全一样。因此也提醒我们在背单词过程中，针对动词要有 意识的去了解动词的类别，辨清是 linkV, Vt 是 Vi 种基本句式解析 ： 十 Vi 主谓结(Vi 通常不接宾语；也无被动语)此句式后往往会欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编用一些时间，地点，频率，程度，方式等状语修饰，以使句意更加明晰。 主常用以下词性或词形充: / pron./ do / claus

4、e2)用作谓语的常见不及物动词（或短语）有 apologize,arrive, go, disappear, ; happen, take place, about, out; come up, out 等等Eg: disappeared old has existed about one taken in country since at Exx：(Tip先抽出句子主干翻译，再在适当位置添译附加成)我们班的每一位同学现在学习都很努力。我们学校的大部分班主任通常 5:20 就床了。 那大火大概是前天下午三点爆发的。 S Vt 短语)十 O 主宾构有时句子中含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是

5、：名词、代词、动 词不定式、动名词或从句。如： We like sports我们喜爱运动。 what do next他知道下一步做什么。 began learning English ten 十年前他开始学英语。 I have to the flute well已经决定把长笛吹好。 我天与同班同学一起看了一部电影。 You place me in 。 finally managed along with _） _ _ of children这些孩子他们照看 得很好。） dont being treated like 少数不及物动词后面以跟 一个相同意义的名词作宾语，这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。常

6、见的能带同 源宾语的动词有 live, sleep, breathe, laugh, fight, sing 等例如：1). Under the Party, peasants happy 2). I dreamed a terrible dream night.3). soldiers fight against the floods last 4). a glorious death. S linkV 十 P 系表结构 IT engineer是一位信息工程。 cloth smooth这块布料手感细滑。欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编 river my looks more in

7、 early morning. 我附 近的那条河在清晨看上去格外美丽。* 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类A. 表示状态的连系动词。 这些词有：be, seem, appear, feel, 等： We should _ 保 持谦虚) 这食物尝起来很糟糕。 表示转变或结果的系动词些词有 go, prove,等等。如： Spring comes. It the 它经变质 了)。8) The _ 这个事实证明是正确的。 S V O2 谓双宾结构间接宾语直接宾语 old the little 老给了那个小孩几个硬 币。 Hardey US European 哈代先生教我们欧洲文学。 a 他婶婶给

8、他买了一本书和 几个玩具。 gave US encouragement 他表扬给了我们很大的鼓 舞。 is showing us how to use the 序员正在教 我们如何使用电脑。(这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指人，接宾语常常物” 如） her _ _ _ birthday present. 昨她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The is telling children in the March.。这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：动直接宾语 sb.；动接宾语 to 。 Pleaseshow me your picture. = _ _ _ Ill offer good cha

9、nce as long you t heart.= Ill offer _ _ _ _ as you dont lose V 十 O 十 主宾补结构 We Creek difficult我们认为希腊语太难了。 Wemade captain我们选他作队长。 want to let 他们不想让我们走。 When the they found the 警察进来时发 现老人死了。 1ikes boys playing football. 他喜欢看那些男孩们踢足欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编球。* 这种句型中“宾语 补语可称复合宾语, 作语的常常是名 词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词

10、不定式等。如： 6） please. 请孩子们安静下来。 他 把墙漆成白色。）我们发现他是一个诚实的人。注意动 make, see, notice, feel, watch 等面所接 的动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to但如果变为被动语态，则加上 如 ） him do the work all 变为被动语态Exx：判断下面各句分别属于简单句的哪种基本句型： sister ( ) that would playing with fire. ( ) I will tell to the environment. ) They their a secret. ( ) She gave me her te

11、lephone number. ( ) ( ) I waiting till ) Did you sleep well? () Horse-riding and shooting of more unusual events. ( )10. makes feel easy and forget ( )综合能力训练 smoke in the meeting-room，_? do you will you can you Dcould you2.Canned food not sourly sour C. souring soured I make dream _. true come true

12、C come true Dcomes in bed Awake awake waken D awaken I think a good to get A Bit that D - you with brother? t _.Anor dont I care Bnor I C don care neither I dont care also set will us the dayAinformed Bentertained Ceducated Dinform found _ all 欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编 leave D were for at last Bcame C

13、come come10. He did all could people in the areaAhelp B D11. Every minute be full use of A Bdoing C do12. used to _disturbed nowAbeing Bbe C Dis 13. Would like to come tonight.Id like to,_ Im and B. as but14. Black doesnt her able to design digital he isnt he C. doesnt does she15. told you that ther

14、e wasnt in the room that time, A. there B. wasn there C. didnt D. did he16. How about aunt _ good student. believes John B. suggests John C. D. knows John 17. I like _ she as while C. D. 18. Yesterday birthday. mother _. for me cake B. cake to C. cake cake me19. I hear got lost yesterday.Yes, I coul

15、dnt find _ my way to I should forC. how to return D. way back for20. One will task B. that C. and D. if21. I had thought I would bus._you wouldnt have arrived on Otherwise But 22. Why didnt you buy it? did the color agree with me. Because the price high Not only did it fit meC. For I disliked its D.

16、 Neither quality satisfactory23. Why didnt you go airport her off? I I lateB. yes, I Im sorry for C. I did. But I couldnt get on time no, Im my know24. The isnt bad, is No,_ its bit too crowded. for C. and 欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编高考试题精选25. me for breaking in,_ I have for you. B. but D. yet26. a new bu

17、t _ will a lot of work before they in. it 27. had your teeth out _? had you B. hadnt you C. did you didnt you28. youll like B. Try C. To try 29. One week, _ will accomplish the task. so that C. and D. if30. Alice, feed bird I fed it do you will didnt dont you31. Would you like a coffee _ down busine

18、ss away? and B. thenC. orD. otherwise32. thought I her _, in fact I my daughter. A. B. where D. while33. is no light in the dormitory. They must gone to _? didnt they C. 34. I dont like chicken I like chicken,_ I like fish C. or; and D. but35. Be us,_? will you B. arent C. can D. mustnt 36. _from to

19、 How it is B. What long is itC. How long What long it 37. in the _? do you will you C. can you could 38. Bills aim is to inform cigarette advertising TV is illegal, _?A. isnt it B. C. isnt D. is he39. There are eight tips in Dr Rogers lecture on sleep, and one of them is: to bed early you think it n

20、ecessary.A. doesnt go B. not C. not going D. t go40. _ straight on you a church. it. B. C. If you goD. 并列句和复合句句子种类、按句子的用途可分四种：欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编述定 six years old. / She t hear of before. ）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意- Do they like did you - Is six or seven years old? can she? / Lets go, shall we? ）祈使句： carefu

21、l, / Dont in class）感叹句： exciting film it was!/ How the boy is!、按句子的结构可分三种：）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓 - often reads English in - and Mike American boys.- She likes draws for wall newspapers. 并句：由并列连词 等）或分号（两个或两个以上 的简单句连在一起构成。如：- You him you.- bright; the road is 前是光明的，道路是曲折的。 ）合句：含有一个或一个以上从的句子。复合句包

22、含：名词性从句 （主语从句语句语从句和同位语从句句和状语从句等。并列句的分类、表示连接两个同等概念，常用 and, not only but also, neither 等接。如The teacher name Smith, the student John. 、表示选择，常用的连词有 or, either or, otherwise 等如：Hurry up, miss the 、表示转折，常用的连词有 however, while, when 等。如： He was a little man with thick glasses, but he strange way of makinghi

23、s classes 、表示因果关系，常用的连词有 so, for, 等。如：August is the time of the for every I from until dark.复合句1.名词性从句1)2)3)4) is on us that she a 2.定语从句句 is man I in 3.状语从句句He ill.Exercise判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编（） We often on Friday （） boy who his seat Tom.（） chair this room, isn there?（） My I g

24、o at past in the morning come back in the evening.（） in Class I am in Two.（） fond of when was a （） Neither has he will do （）8. he said at the meeting very important, isn （） farmer is showing boy how a （）10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.高考考点探讨、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型 的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助

25、于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表 达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达 清楚的。祈使句意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一时祈使句与反 意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发 展趋势。、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使 用上。如：and, ，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状 语从句的连接词、关联词。、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状 语从句最为明显时间, 让与条件从句中如主句是将来时从句则 用一般现在式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查We will go if it doesn rai

26、n tomorrow.巩固练习：一、选择填空：1. Give me minute _ I able to finish and or C. if D. so2. Its the third time that John late, _? hasn he B. isnt C. isnt it D. hasnt Let us pass, _?A. shant we shall C. won we D. will 4. suppose s serious, _? do I B. don is D. isnt 5. m sorry to have to this, _ forg to turn off

27、 when left and C. D. because John has not yet driving and A. Henry hasn B. Henry also not eitherC. Henry has Henry are sports lovers in Some _ swimming. or B. for while 欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编欧阳治创编 欧阳治创编 - you like going out _ rather have - Id like to out. B. C. but D. - Your uncle t an engineer, he?- A. Yes, i

28、snt B. No, isnt No, he is 10. _ friendly How, is B. What, is C. 11. went early, felt tired. or so for 12. As he lift one pounds he B. but he C. he and13. _ - the asleep the B. C. D. To 14. I dont like chicken fish.- dont like chicken like fish very but C. or, and15. - Would you like to tonight? - Id

29、 like to, _ Im too and so C. as but二、用适当的连接词填空: closed window, off light left She is American _ she speaks fluently.3. is foggy today, _ we cant distant 4. He likes sports, _ Id rather lect 5. _ he couldn understand was _ fewer and fewer showed their in I we go sightseeing in Hangzhou and could book

30、s our way in Shanghai. She expressed hope _ she would novel someday. girl very good won first place the of us very happy. Please tell us time _ we shall have the 10. young was a storekeeper 三、将下列句子译成英语： 他决心不再浪费时间和精力在网络游戏上了 do） 我时间很紧，帮忙找辆出租车好吗？find） 有做演讲时时，我们得保持安静，对不?(义疑问句 我把英语看作日常工作中的一种有用的工具(consider) 他取消了上个星期天去扬州的游览为整整下了一天雨） 金就是一切，这个观点我不喜欢位从句