第二讲 简单句的5种基本结构 讲义-高考英语复习

1、第一章句子结构和成分第二讲简单句的五种基本结构考点1简单句的五种基本结构主+谓SV主+谓+宾SVO主+谓+间宾+直兵SVoO主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC主+系+表SVP主语 subject谓语动词verb宾语object补语 complement表语 predicative考点2句子成分的标记方法英语的句子成分：主谓宾定状补注意：主谓宾定状补同位语直线波浪线双横线虚线短横线上一短横，下一短横上卜双曲线构成时态语态的助动词do , be , have .也属于谓语的一局部。除系动词be外，look , sound , smell , taste , seem , get, turn也可以被用作系动词

2、， 他们后面常跟adj作表语，为主系表结构SVSVO考点3基本句型 主+谓He cried.SVSVO考点4基本句型 主+谓+宾She likes English.考点5基本句型主+谓+间宾+直宾SVoOShe bought me some books.He sent her some flowers.考点6基本句型主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+宾补主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC主+谓+宾+宾补SVOC.He asked me to lend him some money.He wanted me to work harder.We made him our monitor（him 和 our mon

3、itor 构成了主系表 结构的逻辑上的主谓关系）.Don t leave the door open at night.（the door 和 open 构成 了主系表结构的逻辑上的主谓关系）SVP考点7基本句型 主+系+表He is in the classroom（介词短语作表语）SVPThe girl is pretty （ adj 作表语）He is six （数词作表语）She is a teacher （ n 作表语）注意：构成时态语态的be是助动词，不是系动词如：He is singing（be是助动词，构成现在进行时，本句是主谓结构）考点8定语定语用来修饰名词或代词，表示.的单

4、个形容词作定语常放在被修饰词前面，短语作定语常放在被修饰词 后面。She is a beautiful girl.The pen on the desk is mine.考点9状语状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特 征。He writes carefully （ carefully 修饰 write，作方式状语）He played football at school （ at school 作地点状语）He bought a dictionary yesterday （ yesterday 作时间状语）He is terribly ill （terribly修饰形容

5、词ill ,作程度状语）The trees grew extremely slowly（ extremely 修饰副词 slowly , 作程度状语）Unfortunately,he lost all of his money. （ Unfortunately 是评论 性状语，修饰整个句子）考点8 there be句型此句型是由z/there+ be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有。 there为引导词，也称为形式主语。there be句型遵循就近原那么。可用 live,stand,come,go,liejemain,exist,arrive 等词代替 be 动 词eg: there stands a tree on the hill.山上矗立着一棵树。（不但有树，而且树是矗立在那里。） 练习：a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the workoIt existed B.There existedThey had D.There hada beautiful palace the foot of the hill.