非谓语动词的用法归纳文档

1、非谓语动词Non-FiniteVerb非谓语的三种形式种类结构doingbeingdone现在分词(not)havingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done含义主动，进行被动，进行（正在被做）主动，完成（否定）被动，完成被动，完成例句boilingwater正在沸腾的水Doyouknowthegirlstandingoverthere?你认识站在那处的那个女孩吗？Thehousesbeingbuiltnowarefortheteachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。Havingwaitedforanhour,heleft.等了一个小时后，他走开了。Nothaving

2、receivedareply,hewroteanotherletter.充公到回复，他又写了一封信Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillmadethesamemistake.诚然被告诉过好多次了，他依旧犯同样的错误。ThestorytoldbyTomisveryinteresting.汤姆讲得故事特别幽默。Thehousesbuiltlastyearareverybig.昨年建的那些房子很大。表所处的状态或特点todo将来，主动tobedone将来，被动不定式完成，主动使用条件：Devotedtohelpingothers,heisrespected.他致力于帮助别人而

3、碰到敬爱。Interestedinthebook,hewantstobuyit.他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。Ihavemuchworktodo.我有好多工作要做。Thehousestobebuiltnextmonthareverybig.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。1)Hessaidtohaveinventedthetelephone.听闻他发明了电话。tohavedone本章要点非谓语之不定式的用法。非谓语之动名词的用法。非谓语之现在分词的用法。非谓语之过去分词的用法。非谓语的时态语态。非谓语做宾语的用法。看结构是否需要；看可否表达过去或完成之意2)Heissaidtohavebeenpun

4、ishedbyhisleader.据说他已经碰到了他领导的处分。非谓语语法点分述一、不定式todo不定式结构作主语Toseeistobelieve.Itisbettertoseesomethingoncethantohearaboutitahundredtimes.a.在好多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：Itsagreatpleasuretobehere.Itisnotaneasythingtomasteralanguage.区分用法直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。如主语和表语都是todo，则只能采用第一种形式。对仇家博爱就是对人民残忍。如是疑问句或惋惜

5、句，则只能采用第二种形式。Whatisitliketobethere?WhatajoyitwastoreadBaraksbook!b.用Itis+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同样以致的for和of的差异。(1)forsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特点特点，表示客观形式的形容词，difficult,interesting,easy,impossible等。.如：ofsb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、道德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如：good,kind,nice,clever,foolish等。小试身手Tobefondofdancingwasacertainsteptowa

6、rdsfallinginlove.对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。你能这么说很有礼貌。真题试炼Itimportants_thepianowell.A.ofhimtoplayB.forhimtoplayC.ofhimplayingD.forhimplayingItswrong_herlikethat.A.ofyoutotreatB.foryoutotreatC.ofyoutreatingD.foryoutreating不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式（其含义经常一是条件，一是结果），如：Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Todothatwoul

7、dbetocutthefoottofittheshoe.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)不定式结构作定语用法例句动宾关系及物动词todo出现在名词后边。主谓关系不及物动词todo出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。?Attention?但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。小试身手Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Haveyougotanythingtosayatthemeeting?Sheisalwaysthefirst(one)tocomeandthelasttoleave.Letsfirstfindaroomtolive

8、in./toputthethingsin.Wehavenothingtoworryabout.Ithinkthebestwaytotravelisbyair.Wehavenoplacetolive.认识一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.你有什么能够吃的东西吗?3)好多老人找不到能够安度晚年的地方.不定式构作状基本用法：不定式构能够作状，修、形容、副等表示目的、原因、果、条件等。表示目的Theyranovertowelcomethedelegates.?Attention?inordertodo常置于句首用来目的。soasto/so.as表to示目的，不能够够置于句首。小身手了能准到达那处

9、，我必在出了款待重要客人，他从英国了管家。他一大早出了能追上首班。表示果soasto如此以致于Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeyourbicycle/tellmethetime?(2)such()asto如此以致于?Imnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.(3)enoughto足以Theboyisoldenoughtogotoschool.(4)tooto太以致于不能够Hiseyesightistoopoortoreadsuchsmallletters.(5)onlyto不料却，果却不定式从前有能够加上only或butonly，以加气Iboughtexp

10、ensiveticketstothetheatre,onlytodiscoverthattheshowwasboring.小身手你些只会把大家弄得更加。她太小了不能够看个暴力影。?Attention?:但是too.to构前若是出but,never,only等表示必然。活到老学到老。不定式构作足非做的用法。构含例see+do看（）做了seehimgototheofficesee+doing看（）正在做seehimgoingtotheofficesee+beingdone看（）正在被做seehimbeingbittenbyadogsee+done看（）被做seehimbittenbyadog不定式

11、todo（do）做表示“要去做”。构例例句+todoask,invite,tell,want,encourage,Iwantbothofyoutogo.wish,expect,beg,request,require,advise,order,force,等表示、要求、喜好c.do做表示“全程”。一“感”：feel二“听”：hear/listento+do（省略to）三“使”：have/make/let四“看”：see/watch/notice/find二、名doing名构作主名做主平常位于句首。Theteachertoldustodoexerciseone.Isawmydaughterente

12、rtheclassroom,sitinachair,openherEnglishbookandbegintoreadChapter15.Seeingisbelieving.Notfinishingschoolcanaffectyourwholelife.将it放句首做形式主语，把动名词置于句末的常用结构。Itis+awasteoftime/nogood/notanygood/nouse/useless+doingsth.Itisnousetalkingtohimagain.Itisnogood(your)refusingtodoit.小试身手?_isanimportantdecisionina

13、person（结婚）slife._isagainstthelaw.（酒后驾车）_relaxesmeattheendoftheday.（听古典音乐）跟他聊天就是浪费时间。动名词结构作表语MyjobisteachingEnglish.小试身手他们的工作是为残疾人制造轮椅。_wheelchairsfordisabledpeople.区分用法作主语含义例句Tolieiswrong.一次性的详尽的动作ToliveinBeijingis不定式todo有特定的动作执行者theheightofTomsambition.Lyingiswrong.抽象的泛指的动作无特定的动作执动名词doingSwimmingis

14、good行者exercise.作表语含义不定式todo一次性、详尽的、将要发生的动作动名词doing一般性、抽象的、经常发生的动作三、分词（现在分词doing和过去分词done）现在分词和过去分词结构作定语分词做定语的基本含义。例句Hisjobistopaintthewalls.Hisjobispaintingwalls.他的工作是粉刷墙。（这是他平常的工作）分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担当的成分大体同样。现在分词一般有主动的意思过去分词一般有被动的意思用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动）用过去分词做定语的句子Heisaninterestingman.Thehousestan

15、dingtherebelongstome.Interestedmemberswillmeetattwo.Thehousebuiltlastyearisverybeautiful.分词作定语的重要知识点：单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词从前，在更多情况下，能够用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词此后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：现在分词：touchingstory/leadingcadres/shiningexample/comingweek/过去分词：skilledworker/armedforces/boiledwater/steamedbreadBarkingdogssel

16、dombite.Soonourrespectedandbelovedleadersenteredthebanquethall.Whoisthemanstanding(=thatisstanding)bythedoor?Theybuiltahighwayleading(=whichleads)intothemountains.小试身手写出以下短语的意思1)therisingsun_2)fallenleaves_3)fadedflowers_4)returnedstudents_5)retiredworkers_6)theexplodedbomb_7)departedfriends_把分词做定语改

17、成定语从句也许定语从句改成分词作定语Theyareproblemsleftoverbyhistory.HaveyoureadanyshortstorieswhichwerewrittenbyLuXun?developingcountries=acitythatisgrowing=作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同样表示正在进行的动作,(变成从句时要用进行时态),如：Tellthechildrenplayingthere(whoareplayingthere)nottomakesomuchnoise.Didyouseethemantalking(whowastalking)to

18、themanager?表示经常性的动作,或现在(或当时)的状态,(变成从句时,用一般时态),如：Theylivedinaroomfacing(=thatfaced)thesouth.Thehousestanding(=thatstands)atthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin1955.过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作能够在谓语所表示的动作从前发生，也能够是没有必然的时间性，如：Themeetingheld(whichwasheld)lastweekisveryimportant.Heisamanloved(whoisloved)byall.?Attention

19、?：若是所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，能够用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingbeingheldisveryimportant.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.(discuss)?Attention?：若是所表示的是一个将来的动作，能够用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.小试身手Pleasetellmethesubjectstobediscussedatthenextmeeting.(discuss)Plea

20、setellmethesubjectsdiscussedlastweek.(discuss)DoyouknowthemeetingbeingdiscussednowisheldbyPeter?(discuss)现在分词作状语现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。现在分词作陪同状语，表示衬托性的动作或陪同情况，如：Thechildrenranoutoftheroom,laughingandtalkingmerrily.Theystoodthereforanhourwatchingthegame.?Attention?：分词表示的必定是主语的一个动作；分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）

21、是同时发生的；分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；大部分放在谓语此后；分词有时能够与句子的其他部分用逗号分开。现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或原因，如：Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.?Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.试一试可不能够够变成状语从句呢：Becauseshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.2)Becausewedidntknowheraddress,wecouldntgetintouc

22、hwithher.?Attention?若是分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作从前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Havingworkedamongthepeasantsformanyyears,heknewthemverywell.Nothavingreceivedananswer,hedecidedtowriteanotherletter.c.现在分词作时间状语（相当于when引导的从句），如：Turningaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.试一试可不能够够变成状语从句呢：Whensheturn

23、edaround,shesawapolicecardrivingup.Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.?Attention?：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作马上发生。这类分词一般放在句首。若是两个动作是完满同时发生的，多用when或while分词这类结构，如：Becarefulwhencrossingthestreet.Dontmentionthiswhiletalkingtohim.现在分词作状语还可以够表示结果、条件和退步，如：?Workinghard,youwillsucceed.(_)?Weigh

24、ingalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.(_)试一试可不能够够变成状语从句呢：Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceed.Althoughthestoneweighsalmostonehundredjin,thestonewasmovedbyhimalone.现在分词的完成形式和被动形式分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作从前发生，如：Havingbeentheremanytimes,heofferedtobeourguide.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsh

25、eletitslipaway?过去分词作状语过去分词短语作状语，能够修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：Builtin1192,thebridgeisover700yearsold.Thetrainerappeared,followedbysixlittledogs.过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：Hesoonfellasleep,exhaustedbythejourney.试一试可不能够够变成状语从句呢：Hesoonfellasleepas/becausehewasexhaustedbythejourney.过去分词短语有时能够表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相

26、当于条件状语从句），如：United,westand;divided,wefall.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.试一试可不能够够变成状语从句呢：Ifweareunited,westand;Ifwearedivided,wefall.When/Iftheparkisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.?Attention?：过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时能够加上when,if,while,though,asif等连词，这种结构能够看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”）

27、。需要注意的是，省略的主语必定和主句的主语同样，如：If/Whenheated,waterchangesintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilspokento.试一试看把它们补充完满：If/whenwaterisheated,itchangedintosteam.Thegirlisveryshy,andneverspeaksuntilsheisspokento.?Attention?：1.在用分词短语作状语时,它逻辑上的主语一般必定与句子的主语一致.过去分词在时态上重申换作已经完成，在语态上重视于被动；而现在分词在时态上重申换作正在进行，在

28、语态上重视于主动。小试身手试一试：判断以下句子中分词充当什么状语，并且看看可不能够够转变成相应状语从句。1)EveryeveningtheysatonthesofawatchingTV.表_2)Igothome,feelingverytired.表_3)Notknowingheraddress,wecouldntgetintouchwithher.表_4)Turningaround,shesawanambulancedrivingup.表_5)Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo.表_二、非谓语的时态语态todo一般进行完成主动todotobedoin

29、gtohavedone被动tobedone/tohavebeendone小试身手能被邀请来做演讲是我的有幸。老板经过他身边时，他假装正在打电话。他们忧如在发薪日前就花光了上个月的薪水。doing一般（与谓语动词同时发生）完成（在谓语动词从前发生）主动doinghavingdone被动beingdonehavingbeendonedone过去分词done的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义，所以没有时态语态变化。小试身手1)_(earn)somemoneytopaythedailyexpenses,Istartedtoworkinalocalcafasawaiter.Themostcommonm

30、istakes_(lead)toabadbackarepoorbodymechanicsandunhealthyhabits.Weteenagersoftenthinkthatparentsareconservative(保守的),andtheyknownothingaboutus,buthonestly,wereactuallystilltooyoung(know)whatsreallybestforus.SoonIhadlivedinthecityforoversixmonthsbutIstilldidnotlikeit.Apparently,Ihaddifficulty_(adapt)m

31、yselftolifeinthecity,letalonefindingajobtomydelight._(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquickly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwoweeks.TheFlakesbroughtalongalobster(龙虾)trapinhopesofhavingsomedelicioustreats,butitwaslostwithinthefirstfewhoursafter_(attack)byashark.“Ithinkshewouldlikeyoutohaveit._(s

32、hock),”Itookitfromherautomatically.Shesmiledandwalkedaway._(endure)toomanyofthesetragediesinthepastfewyears,eachtimeIlearnthenewsIreactnotasaPresident,butasanybodyelsewouldasaparent.Andthatwasespeciallytruetoday.Hehasaconstanturge_(check)fornextmessages;hecheckshisphoneeveryfiveminutes!Manyresearche

33、rsclaim_(find)relationshipsbetweenleft-handednessandvariousphysicalandmentalcharacteristics.Thecities_(experience)thehighestannualgrowthinofficerentalratesarebothinSouthAfricawith40percentrateriseforDurbanand44percentforSandton.IIReview中考真题：1.Howareyoufeelinghere?Itsquitehot.Idontknow_togoorstay?A.h

34、owB.whenC.whetherD.where2.Themenuhassomanygoodthings.Icantdecide_.A.whattoeatB.howtoeatC.wheretoeatD.whentoeat-WecanuseQQtotalkwitheachotheronline.-Good!Willyoupleaseshowme_it?A.whattouseB.howtouseC.whentouseD.wheretouse4.-Idontknow_withthisproblem.Ittoohard.s-YoucanaskMr.Wangforhelp.A.whichtodoB.wh

35、entodoC.whattodoD.howtodoCouldyoutellme_theInternet?A.howtosearchB.howsearchC.howcanIsearchD.howsearching-Thisphysicsproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme_,George?-Sure.A.whattoworkoutB.toworkitoutC.howtoworkitoutD.howtoworkoutitTheboxistooheavyforme_.A.carryingB.carriesC.carryD.tocarryHello,mynameisJo

36、hnson.Ibelieveyouhavearoom_forme.Johnson?Oh,yes,Mr.Johnson.ItsRoom1201,onthesecondfloor.A.tobookB.bookC.bookingD.bookedWhyareyoulate?Mybikebrokedown.Ihadit_.A.repairedB.repairsC.repairD.repairing10.ManystudentsenjoythebookHarryPotter_byJKRowling.A.writtenB.waswrittenC.wroteD.waswriting11.Itsverynice

37、_picturesforme.A.ofyoutodrawC.foryoudrawingB.foryoutodrawD.ofyoudrawing12.Itsabitcold.Wouldyoumindmy_allthewindows?Doasyoulikeplease.A.closeB.willcloseC.closingD.toclose13.MaryandIenjoy_badminton.A.toplayB.playingC.playedD.play14.Mr.Wang,Ihavetrouble_thetext.Remember_itthreetimesatleast.A.toundersta

38、nd;readingB.understanding;readingC.understanding;toreadD.tounderstand;toread15.Ittookmydaughter2weeks_thebooks_bytheauthor.A.reading;writtenB.toread;writtenC.reading;towriteD.toread;write16.Driversarewarned_whentheyaretired.A.todriveB.notdriveC.notodriveD.nottodrive17.Aliceaskedme_anotherbayforher.1

39、8.A.getB.gotC.togetBettyisoftenseen_theoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.gettingD.helpsHowdoyoufeelwhenyouvisitedShanghaiWorldExpo?Itmademe_proud.20.A.feelB.tofeelC.feltShoppingwithme?Sorry,Ihavealotofclothes_.A.towashB.washedC.washD.feelingD.tobewashed-Linda,Iamverythirsty.-Letsgotothe

40、nearestsupermarket_somedrinks,ok?A.buyB.boughtC.tobuyD.buying22.Inorder_theworldafriendlyplace,onemustshowafriendlyface.A.makesB.makingC.tomakeD.make23.Theregoesthebell.Itstimeforclass.Letsstop_.A.talkB.totalkC.talkingD.nottalk24.Theheavysnowstormmadethemountainclimbers_halfway.A.stopB.tostopC.stopp

41、ingD.Stopped25.AllthechildrenlikeMr.Whiteverymuchbecauseheoftenmakesthem_.A.laughedB.laughC.laughingD.tolaugh26.Myauntplayedthelightmusictomakethebaby_crying.A.stoppedB.stopsC.tostopD.stop27.MysisterdoesnA.looktlikethedress.Shethinksitmakesher_fat.B.looksC.tolookD.lookedIsWeiFanggoodatsinging?Yes,sh

42、eis.Weoftenhearher_inthenextroom.A.tosingB.singsC.singD.sang29.Wouldyouplease_thewindow?ItA.openB.openingC.notopenstoocoldoutside.D.nottoopenBob,itsgettingcold._takeajacketwithyou?Allright.Daddy.A.WhynotB.WhataboutC.WouldyoulikeD.Youdbetter31.Itsblowinghardoutside.Tellhim_thewindow.A.notopenB.nottoo

43、penC.tonotopenD.dontopen32.Theheadmastertoldus_attheScienceMuseumontime.A.arriveB.arrivesC.toarriveD.arriving33.-Ihopeyou_mypartynextweekend.-OK,I_.A.tocometo;willB.wouldcometo;willC.cancometo;amD.cancometo;will34.Thewomanwantsherdaughter_Englisheverymorning.A.readB.readsC.readingD.toread35.Tomlikes

44、cars.Heenjoys_modelcarsofallkinds.A.collectsB.collectingC.tocollectD.collectedMygrandfatherwants_aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys_newplaces.A.travelling;seeingB.totravel;toseeC.totravel;seeingD.travelling;tosee37.Before2008wewillfinish_theOlympicPark.A.buildB.builtC.buildingD.tobuild38.TheteachertoldLu

45、cy_toomuchtime_computergames.A.nottospend;inB.tonotspend;onC.didntspend;playingD.nottospend;playingIfeveryonemakesacontribution_theenvironment,ourcountrywillbecomemorebeautiful.A.toprotectB.inprotectingC.toprotectingD.forprotecting40.-Thiscomputerdoesntwork.-Really?IA.repairllhaveit_tomorrow.B.repai

46、redC.torepairD.beenrepaired用括号中词的正确形式填空：Hehitmesohardthatitmademe_(see)stars.Theprofessorurgedme_(look)throughthesurveymorecarefully.Icouldnthelp_(laugh)atthisfunnyjoke.4.Iwillapologizetoyouifyouinsistonit,butreallydontremember_(do)suchathing.Idontfeellike_(eat)anythingnow._(see)fromspace,ourearth,withwatercovering70%ofitssurface,appearsasablueplanet.Televisionkeepsus_(inform)aboutcurrenteventsandthelatestdevelopmentsinscien