2023版高三一轮总复习英语外研版课时分层作业7　Food for thought

1、 课时分层作业(七)阅读理解A(2021福州市质量检测)The new year always brings predictionsYou know who gets them right?BLUETOOTHIn his futuristic 1953 novel Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury anticipated Bluetooth, describing wireless earphones that allowed for “an electronic ocean of sound, music and talks” to be transferred th

2、rough the airImagine how thrilled he would have been with a Bluetooth toaster! That was the idea behind Griffins Connected Toaster, which warned you via your smartphone when your toast was doneAt 100, this baby cost a lot of bread，which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launc

3、hedSMART WATCHThe Apple Watch lets you chat, play games, and watch videos on a device fastened to your wristCool, huh? The Jetsons thought soin 1962when Steve Jobs was still in second grade!WIFINikola Tesla called it! In 1909, the famous electrical engineer told The New York Times, “It will soon be

4、possible to send wireless messages all over the world so simply that any individual can carry and operate his own equipment” No doubt he was thinking of the Krastase Hair Coach brush, which measured brushing speed and employed a microphone to listen to your hair, all to compute an overall hairqualit

5、y score sent to your smartphone(Alas, it is gone too)GPSWriter Arthur CClarke (2001：A Space Odyssey) saw a world in which no one got lostIn 1956, he wrote that satellites could make possible a positionfinding grid (坐标方格) whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrum

6、ent about the size of a watchClarke didnt mention that his system might also track another person, such as a criminalLast year, the New York City police arrested a robber who was wearing a GPS ankle monitorbecause he was still on probation(缓刑) for a prior crime【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了过去一些人对科技方面的预测，包括蓝牙和

7、全球定位系统等。1Which of the predictions is the earliest?ABLUETOOTHBSMART WATCHCWIFIDGPSC细节理解题。根据各种预测的内容可知，C项对应的时间为1909年，而A项对应的时间为1953年，B项为1962年，D项为1956年，故选C。2Why might Griffins Connected Toaster disappear?AToo expensiveBOut of dateCA little awkwardDEnergyconsumingA细节理解题。根据题干中的Griffins Connected Toaster定位至

8、BLUETOOTH部分，根据该部分中的“At 100，this baby cost a lot of bread，which may be why it was discontinued just two years after being launched”可知，其消失的原因可能是价格太高，故选A。3What was Clarkes prediction?AA GPS ankle monitorBA robberarresting instrumentCA watch that could see the worldDAn instrument that could locate a per

9、sonD细节理解题。根据题干中的Clarkes定位至GPS部分，根据该部分中的“whereby anyone could locate himself by means of a couple of dials on an instrument about the size of a watch”可知，答案为D。B(2021济南市模拟)The only thing better than receiving a book is getting one delivered by a horseCaitlin Gooch，the founder of Saddle Up and Read(SUAR

10、)，literally saddles(跨上马鞍) up one of her familys horses and visits primary schools, libraries and youth groups to encourage students to readThe nonprofit in Wendell，North Carolina，also organizes book drives and schoolwide reading competitionsAlong with her five brothers and sisters，Gooch grew up on a

11、 family farm owned by her fatherAlthough he worked as a used car salesman，he built a race track on their 87acre farm，where he hosted racesGooch said she grew up around 80 horses and felt blessed to have grown up with themIn 2017，Gooch，who had been working at daycare centers and youth groups，noticed

12、that some of the younger children struggled to readShe decided to work with a local library：Any student who checked out more than three books would be entered into a prize drawFive names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farmIt was a h

13、itGooch expanded her services by creating her nonprofit，SUARWhen Gooch shared her organizations story on social media，it reached over 70，000 likes in a weekShe even got a shout out from Oprah Winfrey，a famous talk show hostessShes raised over 20，000 from supporters across the world“Now that its sort

14、 of，all eyes on me，theres definitely an opportunity to do something more，”Gooch saidGooch isnt just encouraging children to read moreShes also showing them that horseback riders can look like herOnline，shes often referred to as the“Black Cowgirl”“It feels amazing to be that kind of representation，”G

15、ooch said【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。Caitlin Gooch创立了公益组织“马鞍上阅读”，骑马向孩子们送书，鼓励孩子们阅读，提高阅读能力，她在网上分享了公益组织的故事后，得到了著名脱口秀主持人Oprah Winfrey的支持。4Why does Gooch deliver books on horseback?ATo deliver books quicklyBTo promote family businessCTo get students to readDTo advertise her organizationC细节理解题。根据第三段第一句中的“who had been

16、working at daycare centers and youth groups, noticed that some of the younger children struggled to read”可知，Gooch注意到一些年龄较小的孩子阅读很艰难，于是和当地的一家图书馆合作推出了旨在促进孩子们阅读的公益活动，故C项正确。5What did Gooch do to help kids with reading difficulties?AHold reading competitionsBWork with the youth groupsCDonate books to a lo

17、cal libraryDOrganize visits to the family farmD细节理解题。根据第三段尾句“Five names would be selected out of the draw and each received a trip to visit the horses on the Gooch family farm”可知，获奖者可以去Gooch家的农场参观马匹，故D项正确。6What can be learned about SUAR from paragraph 4?AIt is well receivedBIt has made a big profitC

18、It needs further expansionDIt was criticized by OprahA推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Gooch创建了自己的非营利组织SUAR，扩大了她的服务，该组织很受欢迎，在社交平台上获得很多赞；据此可以判断，非营利组织SUAR很受欢迎，故A项正确。7What can best describe Gooch?AHonestBInspiringCBraveDPatientB推理判断题。根据尾段第一、第二句“Gooch isnt just encouraging children to read moreShes also showing them tha

19、t horseback riders can look like her”可知，Gooch不仅鼓励孩子们多读书，还向他们展示骑手可以像她一样。再结合全文内容可以判断，Gooch是一个鼓舞人心的人，故B项正确。C(2021湖南省六校联考)The summer holidays are in full swing and protests have begun in a number of popular European citiesBarcelona，in particular，is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapi

20、d growth of tourism in cities，especially during peak holiday periodsIn fact，Destination Barcelona estimates that there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017，compared to a resident population of 1，625，137Overtourism is not a new problemWhile many tourists want to “live like a local” and have an

21、authentic and immersive experience during their visit，the residents of many tourismdependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their hometowns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops，crowds，tour buses and rowdy barsThey are also suffering as local amenities (便利设施)

22、and infrastructure are put under enormous strainIt is a truly global issueRecently，Thai authorities were forced to act when a number of tourists visiting Maya Bay，the beach made famous by Danny Boyles film The Beach, led to shocking environmental damageOvertourism is harming the landscape，damaging b

23、eaches，and putting infrastructure under enormous strainIt can have an impact in multiple waysThe international cruise industry，for example，delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination portsWhile comparatively little is returned to communities，the cruise activity creates physical and visual

24、pollutionCity residents also bear the cost of tourism growthAs cities transform itself to cater for tourists，the global travel supply chain prospersThis coincides with increasing property speculation and rising costs of living for local communitiesAirbnb，for example，has been accused of reducing hous

25、ing affordability and displacing residentsOvercrowding and the establishment of typical tourismfocused businesses，such as clubs，bars and souvenir shops，overwhelm local businesses，and rowdy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is commonThis diminishes the unique ambience of destinations and leads to cr

26、owd and waste management pressuresLocal government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the overwhelming influence of the global tourism supply chainThis has led to widespread “touristphobia” first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of repudia

27、tion, mistrust and contempt for tourists【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲的是过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响。8Whats the purpose of writing the first paragraph?ATo present a phenomenonBTo introduce the topic，overtourismCTo give readers a vivid descriptionDTo show the protests in BarcelonaB写作意图题。根据题目定位到文章第一段，通读该段可知，该段主要提到了过度旅游的问题，结

28、合下文主要围绕过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响展开可知，该段是为了引出主题过度旅游，故B项正确。9The example of Thai authorities shows_AMaya Bvisiting famous places shown in movies is a global phenomenonCtoo many visitors will cause great damage to the local environmentDmany local governments have already taken action to prevent overtourismC推理判断题。

29、根据题干中的“Thai authorities”定位到文章第二段最后一句，由此可知，过多的游客造成了惊人的环境破坏，泰国官方不得不采取行动，由此可推知，泰国官方的例子表明过多的游客会对当地的环境造成极大的破坏，故C项正确。10According to the passage，overtourism will _Aimprove the local cruise industryBmake the local business boomCcause the rising costs of living for the residentsDincrease the business of Airb

30、nbC细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“City residents also bear the cost of tourism growthThis coincides with increasing property speculation and rising costs of living for local communities”可知，过度旅游会导致居民生活成本上升，故C项正确。11What will the writer most probably talk about in the following paragraph?AMeasures to deal with overto

31、urismBProblems caused by overtourismCProtests caused by overtourismDEnvironmental pollution caused by overtourismA推理判断题。文章前几段主要讲了过度旅游带来的一系列不好的影响，最后一段提到到目前为止，地方管理和规划部门还无力应对全球旅游供应链的巨大影响，这导致了“游客恐惧症”的蔓延。由此可推知，作者在下段最有可能介绍解决过度旅游的措施，故A项正确。D(2021武汉市质量检测)Never play games with a bot (robot)it will find a way

32、to cheat if it canA team from OpenAI, an artificial intelligence lab in San Francisco, has developed artificially intelligent bots that taught themselves to cooperate by playing hideandseekThe bots also learned how to use basic tools to help winBowen Baker at OpenAI and his colleagues wanted to see

33、if the teambased dynamics of the OpenAI Five could be used to produce skills that could one day be useful to humansThe researchers set their bots loose in a simulated (模拟的) environment filled with fixed walls, movable boxes and ladders，and left them to play team games of hideandseek The bots each ha

34、d their own view of the world and couldnt communicate with each other directlyAt first, the hiders simply ran awayBut they soon worked out that the quickest way to stop the seekers was to find objects in the environment to hide themselves from view The seekers learned that they could move boxes arou

35、nd and use them to climb over wallsThe bots then discovered that being a team playerpassing objects to each other or cooperating on a hideoutwas the quickest way to winBut the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faultsSeekers found that if they pushed a ladder towards

36、a wall, they could launch themselves into the air and spot hiders from aboveHiders found that they could get rid of the ladders by pushing them asideIt shows that AI bots are able to find solutions that humans miss, says Baker“Maybe theyll even be able to solve problems that humans dont yet know how

37、 to” However, it is a large leap (跳跃) from virtual hideandseek to real problemsolving“The main limitation is that it is in simulation，” says Chelsea Finn at Stanford University【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种通过玩捉迷藏自学合作技能的人工智能机器人，这种机器人还学会了使用基本工具来帮助自己获胜。12Why did Baker and his colleagues conduct the research?

38、ATo teach bots to play gamesBTo train bots to use basic toolsCTo find if bots may cheat like humansDTo see the potential of bots cooperationD细节理解题。第二段讲到OpenAI的Bowen Baker和他的同事们想看看OpenAI Five人工智能机器人的团队互动能否被用来产生将来对人类有用的技能。由此可知，Bowen Baker和他的同事进行这项研究是为了看机器人合作的潜力。故D项正确。13Whats the third paragraph mainly

39、 about?AThe tools of the researchBThe design of the researchCThe competitors of the gameDThe environment of the gameB段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段主要介绍了研究的设计：研究人员将机器人置于一个充满固定墙壁、可移动的盒子和梯子的模拟环境中，让它们玩团队捉迷藏游戏，且彼此不能直接交流。故B项正确。14What does the underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refer to?APassing objectsBMoving b

40、oxes aroundCMaking use of faultsDHiding themselves from viewC代词指代题。根据第五段第一句“But the real surprise came when the bots started making use of problems or faults”可知，但真正令人惊讶的是，机器人开始利用问题或错误；第五段最后两句给出了相应的例子；结合尾段第一句可以判断，该句主语It指代的是“机器人利用错误”，故C项正确。15What does Chelsea think of the finding of the research?AIt c

41、an bridge a gap in the AI researchBIt will not be influenced by the real worldCIt will definitely help the real problemsolvingDIt may not be realized out of the virtual worldD推理判断题。根据尾段尾句中Chelsea Finn所说的话“The main limitation is that it is in simulation”可知，Chelsea Finn认为主要的局限在于机器人的互动是处于模拟状态下的。据此可以判断，

42、Chelsea Finn认为超出模拟范围，这种结果可能不会出现。故D项正确。阅读七选五(2021温州市适应性测试)Due to COVID19，moms have had a rough yearDay care centers are closed 1 At the same time theyre homeschooling and cleaning everythingLooking back 50 years or so，I found that my own mother was a mysteriously effective role modelShe never hit me

43、or raised her voiceShe didnt directly boss anyone aroundShe indirectly gave my sisters and me very clear guidance on what behaviors were expected in our home，and out in the world 2 But once，when an African American family moved into our allwhite neighborhood，she quietly and firmly sat my sisters and

44、 me down and told us that we would always treat them with respectWe didWhen my mom got serious，we never questioned her authorityMy mother taught us to love our neighbors，showed us how to treat everyone with kindness and respect and modeled how we could be generous with our time and energy by focusing on the needs and interests of othersOne time，she was