Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructure课件-人教版高中英语必修第三册

1、 Discovering Useful Structure Unit 4 Space Exploration主动语态被动语态意义一般时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行完成进行时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行不定式的时态和语态to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doingto have been doingLook at the following sentences and focus on the itali

2、cized infinitives. In pairs, discuss their functions. P42 Ex.1Functions of infinitives1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.(作_)2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. (作_)3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a

3、 related college degree.(作_)4.Some scientist were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. (作_)5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. (作_)目的状语定语目的状语目的状语Summary: 1. 不定式的结构：_ 2. 分析上面的句子，我们知道在描述太空探索时，动词不定式不仅可以用来作 表_，还可以用来作_，表_。定语to

4、+do原形目的定语修饰状语Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.P42 Ex2（1、3）Functions of infinitives as attribute1.In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space. =In 2003, Yuri Malenchenko became the first person_ in space.2.Mankind has always been curious about the

5、 universe and many people have dreamed that one day they would fly into space. =Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dream _ space.to get married to fly intoSummary: 动词不定式用作定语， 放在被修饰的名词后面。 1.名词前有first, last, next, only等词以及最高级修饰时, 其后要用动词不定式。 She was the first woman

6、to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 2.动词不定式作定语常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语, 表示尚未发生的动作。 We have much homework to do tonight. Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.3.But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire that he can do some useful work for the disabled. =But Janis Adkins has the a

7、bility and desire _ for the disabled.4.I usually have a lot of meetings which I have to attend next week. =I usually have a lot of meetings_. to do some useful work to attendFunctions of infinitives as attributeSummary: 3. 抽象名词attempt, ability, chance, desire, determination, decision, plan, way或不定代词

8、something, nothing等后面常用不定式作后置定语。Janis Adkins has the ability and desire to do useful work.4. 当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。She is a nice person to work with.Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as attribute.5.We need someone who can go and ask for a doctor. =We need someone _.6. Anderson gave her his sugges

9、tion that she should insist on her task. =Anderson gave her his suggestion _.to go and ask for a doctor to insist on her task Summary: 5. 当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。We must find a person to do the job. 6. 当名词与定语有同位关系时。We got the order to leave the city. Functions of infinitives as attributePractice(1) The airp

10、ort _(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area. (2) Do you have anything _(do) tonight? (3) The best way _(improve) your English is to join an English club. (4) Miss Liu is a very nice person_(work) with. (5) China is the third country in the world_(send) men into space. (6) Mary h

11、ad great determination _(achieve) her goal.(7) The German girl has the ability _(learn) Chinese well.(8) I have something important _(tell) you.to completeto doto improveto workto sendto achieveto learnto tell1. A group of young people got together to discuss this question.2. I walked quietly so as

12、not to disturb the baby.3. He worked very hard to pass the exam. He worked so hard that he could pass the exam. He worked hard so that/in order that he could pass the exam. Functions of infinitives as adverbialSummary:不定式作目的状语，常译作“_”。主要用来修饰 _和 形容词, 也可用来修饰副词 1. 目的状语, 置于句首或句末, 置于句首时常表示强调,为加强语气。 (1) 置于

13、句首时只用to do / in order to do。如用于表示否定, 用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。 (2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that / in order that 或 so. . . that . . . 引导的目的状语从句。目的状语目的状语目的状语以便，目的是 动词 在句中,不定式可不仅作目的状语，还可以作原因状语、结果状语、条件状语等, 可表示原因及结果等。Functions of infinitives as adverbial结果状语, 多见于“too. . . to”; “enough to. . . ”; o

14、nly to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生); so/such. . . as to(意为“如此以至于”)结构句中。 2. I was very sad to hear the news. 3.He is old enough to go to school . Im too tired to well. He rushed back, do only to find the book missing.原因状语，多见于 sb + be + adj.+ to do 结构中Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it

15、on, only to find it didnt fit. His father passed away, leaving him a little money. (1) 动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。(2) 现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种自然而然的结果。Rewrite the sentences by using infinitives as adverbial. P42Ex.2(2/4/5/6)1. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.

16、 =In space, astronauts collect all dirty water _ _it for later use. 2.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. =Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of

17、 gravity, so they need to exercise every day_.3. Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise. =Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space _ _ _.4. During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move

18、 slowly so that they can keep their bodies under control. =During a spacewalk, astronauts have to move slowly_ _.so as to/in order to/to recycleso as to/in order to/to keep healthyPractice1:so as not to/in order not to/not to float off so as to/in order to/to keep their bodies under control Practice

19、2:(1) _(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times. (2)_(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. (3)He hurried to the station only _(find) the train had left. (4)We travel on Day 2 to northern

20、France _(visit) the World Warbattlefields. (5)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad _(find) them alive. (6)Join us _(taste) a variety of fresh local food. To work outTo learnto findto visitto findto tasteTo do exercise is beneficial to our health.To form a good habit of lear

21、ning is important for us students.Functions of infinitives as subjectSummary:单个的不定式作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。两个或两个以上的不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式；但当它们作为一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式。it作形式主语，真正的主语放在句子的后面。常用结构有：It isadj.(of/for sb.) to do.It isa/an名词to do.It takes (sb.) some time/courage/patience.to do.It requires courage/patience/hard

22、work.to do.1.Whats more, its necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you.2.Im sure it is a good chance to perform your favorite music.Functions of infinitives as predicateMy work is to clean the rooms for the old in the nursing house every day.His ambition is to s

23、et up schools for children of poor families.Summary:不定式放在系动词后面常表示将来的动作或解释说明主语的内容，其主语常是wish，idea，task，purpose，duty等表示“意向、打算、计划”的词。Functions of infinitives as object1. The driver failed to see the other car in time.2. Im very busy at present, so I have to refuse to help you.Summary:动词不定式作宾语时，往往跟在某些及物动词的后面，常见的动词有agree，ask，decide，hope，fail，manage，pretend, refuse等。3. He still didnt understand how to operate the machine.Summary:能接“疑问词to do”的动词(短语)有decide, know，consider，forget，learn，remember，show，find out，understand, see, wonder, hear, explain, tell等。4. I fin