2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号95

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The center task of an empirical science such as economics is to provide general understanding of events in the real world, and ultimately all of its theories and techniques must be instrumental to that task. That is

2、 very different from saying, however, that it must be responsive to the contemporaneous conditions and problems of the society in which it is situated.If the problems of economic life changed frequently and radically, and lacked a large measure of continuity in their essential nature, there could no

3、t be a science of economics. An essential element of a science is the cumulative growth of knowledge, and that cumulative character could not arise if each generation of economists faced fundamentally new problems calling for entirely new methods of analysis. The change of problems and methods would

4、 also undermine the training of economists; if the young studied under the old, the young could be confident that they were learning things that were rapidly becoming outdated. A science requires for its very existence a set of fundamental and durable problems.In economics the most fundamental of th

5、ese central problems is the theory of value. The theory of value must explain how the comparative values of different goods and services are established. Until that problem is solved, it is not possible to analyze for scientific purposes what will be produced and in what quantities, how the resource

6、s will be employed in producing the menu of outputs, and how the resources will be valued. Without a theory of value the economist can have neither theory of international trade nor possibly a theory of money. This central problem of value does not change in its essential content if one seeks to exp

7、lain values in agricultural or industrial societies, indeed, if the problem of value were so chameleonlike as to alter its nature whenever the economic or political system altered, each epoch in economic life would require its own theory, and short epoch would get short-lived theories.1. The main id

8、ea of the passage is that（）.2. Which is a correct statement of theories and techniques?3. If every generation of economists had basically different problems,（）.4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the theory of value?5. The word “chameleonlike” in the last sentence is clos

9、est in meaning to（）.问题1选项A.all sciences should have proper tools if they are to complete the central taskB.the empirical science must be responsive to the problems of the real worldC.economics as an empirical science must have its fundamental problems for studyD.economists must give priority to agre

10、ement of the theory of value问题2选项A.Theories and techniques of a science must contribute to our knowledge of the real world.B.Theories and techniques offer us tools when we endeavor to respond to current problems.C.Theories and techniques must constantly change radically in order to catch up with the

11、 time.D.Theories and techniques must have their values in solving fundamental problems of sciences.问题3选项A.economic knowledge would be dramatically enrichedB.the science of economics would transform its natureC.the training of economists would be much more importantD.it would be hard to develop the s

12、cience of economics问题4选项A.The theory of value is very complicated because it involves many fundamental problems.B.The theory of value is crucial to the scientific analysis of economic activities.C.Business executives must learn the theory of value if they hope to succeed in managing production.D.The

13、 theory of value only applies to industrial societies when capitalism makes its appearance问题5选项A.colorfulB.obscureC.changeableD.flexible【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文主要探讨了经济学的意义以及经济学的研究基础和根本问题，说明了经济学的研究基础和发展关键在于一个固定的基本问题的研究，而最根本的核心问题是“the theory of value”，所以，D项是正确答案。2.细节事实题。由文章开头The cen

14、tral task of an empirical science such as economics is to provide general understanding of events in the real world, and ultimately all of its theories and techniques must be instrumental to that task.可知，经验科学的核心任务就是能够解释现实中的社会问题，促进人们对于事情原理的理解，并且最终所有的理论和方法都应该适用于这个核心任务。因此，A项符合题意。3.细节事实题。由文章第二段If the pr

15、oblems of economic life changed frequently and radically, and lacked a large measure of continuity their essential nature, there could not be a science of economics.可知，如果一个学科研究的核心基础命题一直在变化，那么将不利于学科的纵深发展和深入解决问题。因此，D选项正确。4.推理判断题。根据文章第三段中Until thatproblem is solved, it is not possible to analyze for sc

16、ientific purposes what will be produced and in what quantities, how the resources will be employed in producing the menu of outputs, and how the resources will be valued.可知，如果不能很好地诠释和定义价值理论，那么这些问题都难以解决，由此可见价值理论的重要性。因此，B 选项正确。5. 词汇题。chameleon意思为变色龙，善变的人，加后缀like变为形容词，A选项colorful adj.多彩的，B选项 obscure ad

17、j.模糊的，不清楚的，C选项changeable adj.易变的，可改变的，D选项flexible adj.灵活的，易弯曲的。根据词义可知C项最为接近。因此，C选项正确。2.单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种

18、后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。3.单选题The high court reversed the decision of the lower court because the ruling_the defendant his right.问题1选项A.refusedB.declinedC.deniedD.ignored【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项 refuse“拒绝”，其后接名词、代词或不定式；B选项decline“下降，

19、谢绝，婉言拒绝”；C选项deny“否认，拒绝给予”，deny sb. sth.表示“拒绝给予某人某物”；D选项ignore“忽视，不顾”。根据从句中的宾语the defendant his right可知选C。句意：高等法院推翻了下级法院的裁决，因为该裁决剥夺了被告的权利。4.翻译题Translate the following passage into English.北京奥组委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹

20、克文化节” 开幕式上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(One World One Dream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。【答案】The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the o

21、pening ceremony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audiences are attracted to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all

22、 Chinese people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engraving characters with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relation

23、ship between Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.5.单选题It is due to the invention of the computer that man has been able to work so many. A case _ is the successful launching of space shuttle.问题1选项A.in pointB.in questionC.in a wayD.in brier【答案】A【解析】考查短语搭

24、配。A选项in point相关的，恰当的；B选项in question讨论中的，有问题的；C选项in a way从某种程度上，有点儿；D选项in brief简言之。因此，根据句意可知，正是电脑的发明才使得人们在过去的几年中创造了这么多的奇迹，一个恰当的例子就是航天飞机的成功发射。故A项是正确答案。6.单选题Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support

25、 their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In t

26、he 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking m

27、ore interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male r

28、ole of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and soci

29、al patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, th

30、e feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional womens jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But so

31、me women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally,

32、there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?3. In the passage the au

33、thor proposes that the counterculture_.4. It could be inferred from the passage that_.5. The best title for the passage may be_.问题1选项A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B.Men and womens roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Mens roles at home were more firmly fixed than womens.D.Me

34、n and womens roles were usually quite separated in the past.问题2选项A.The first sentence.B.The second and the third sentences.C.The fourth sentence.D.The last sentence.问题3选项A.destroyed the United StatesB.transfonned some American valuesC.was not important in the United StatesD.brought people more leisu

35、re time with their families问题4选项A.men and women will never share the same goalsB.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male rolesC.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wivesD.more American households are headed by women than ever before问题

36、5选项A.Results of Feminist MovementsB.New influence in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its consequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the mea

37、ls and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中But by

38、the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中But its influence spread to man

39、y parts of American society（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were

40、 shared equally by both sexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。7.单选题Teenage lethargy is often due to lack of prope

41、r nutrients.问题1选项A.sluggishnessB.enthusiasmC.boredomD.energeticness【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中lethargy表示“无精打采；昏睡；嗜眠症”。A选项为“萧条；惰性；无精打采”；B选项为“热情；热心”；C选项为“无聊；厌倦”；D选项为“积极；精力充沛”。由句意可知，青少年嗜睡常常是因为缺乏适当的营养。因此，A项符合题意。8.单选题Initially the Lincoln administration refused black volunteers; they feared that the appearance

42、 of black Yankees on the battlefield might suggest that the war_other purposes in addition to the restoration of the Union.问题1选项A.haveB.hadC.had hadD.would have【答案】B【解析】考查一般过去时。此句中的suggest意为“表明”，不表示“建议”，因此从句中的谓语动词不需要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。根据feared可知空格为一般过去时，时态保持一致，因此选B。句意：起初，林肯政府拒绝黑人志愿者；他们担心黑人出现在战场上，可

43、能表明这场战争除了恢复联邦之外，还有其他目的。9.单选题John said that he didnt quite_and asked me to repeat what I had said.问题1选项A.snatch upB.summon upC.catch onD.watch out【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项snatch up“夺取，猛然抓住”；B选项summon up“鼓起（勇气），使出（力气），唤起”；C选项catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；D选项watch out“当心，注意”。根据asked me to repeat what I had said可推测前面指

44、他没听明白我说的话，因此选C。句意：John说他没有太明白，要我重复我下我所说的话。10.单选题We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机

45、会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。11.单选题According to a senior official there has been no about the measures. There is complete consensus among.问题1选项A.contraryB.contradictingC.controversyD.contradictor【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项contrary n.相反，反面；B选项contradiction n.矛盾，反驳；C选项controversy n.争论，论战；D选项contradictory n.对立物，矛盾因素。根据后文“Th

46、ere is complete consensus among.”可知，所有参议员的意见都是一致的，没有争论。因此正确答案为C选项。12.单选题He thinks that method is prevalent.问题1选项A.advancedB.commonC.difficultD.old-fashioned【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中prevalent表示“普遍发生的；盛行的”；A选项advanced“先进的；高级的”；B选项common为“共同的，常见的，普遍的”；C选项difficult为“困难的，艰难的”；D选项old-fashioned为“老式的，过时的”。因此，正确答

47、案是B项。句意：他认为这个方法很普遍。13.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Short message service is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in

48、s central short message center which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These characters can be text or binary Non-Tex

49、t Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sender, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to the intended recipient.【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。发送手机所传来的信息（纯文本）被储存于中央短消息中心，然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。也就是说，在这种情况下

50、，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被储存后再被发送。每条短信可能不超过160个字符。这些字符可以是文本，或是二进制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回执。就是说，如果收件人成功收到短信，那么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。14.单选题Before police could stop the drink-crazed driver, he had crashed_another car and sent six persons to the hospital.问题1选项A.outB.againstC.intoD.on【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。crash out表示“（因极度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡觉”

51、；crash against表示“碰撞（常发出巨大的声响或造成破坏）”，against指对立；crash into“撞上，坠毁”，into指进去；have a crush on sb,表示“喜欢某人”，为固定搭配。根据the drink-crazed driver与another car可知C选项符合语义。句意：在警察还没来得及制止酒后驾车的司机，他就撞上了另一辆车，并使六个人送往医院。15.单选题_ in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for wedding gown.问题1选项A.Unpopular has as white

52、 beenB.White has been as unpopularC.Unpopular has been as whiteD.Unpopular as white has been【答案】D【解析】语法题。as引导的让步状语从句，一般将形容词，名词等提前，使用部分倒装。A、B、C选项语序错误。 D选项符合部分倒装形式，将表语提前。因此，本题正确答案为D 项。句意：尽管白色礼服在过去并不流行，但是现在却是最为流行的婚纱颜色。16.单选题Are you aware that you actually possess six senses? The sixth sense is a muscul

53、ar sense responsible for directing your muscles intelligently to the exact extent necessary for each action you perform. For example, when you reach for an object, the sensory nerves linking the muscles to the brain stop your hand at the correct spot. This automatic perception of the position of you

54、r muscles in relation to the object is your muscular sense in action.Muscles are stringy bundles of fibers varying from one five-thousandth of an inch to about three inches. They have three unique characteristics; they can become shorter and thicker; they can stretch; and they can retract to their o

55、riginal positions. Under a high-powered microscope, muscle tissue is seen as long, slender cells with a grainy texture like wood.More than half of a persons body is composed of muscle fibers, most of which are involuntary in other words, work without conscious direction. The voluntary muscles, those

56、 that we move consciously to perform particular actions, number more than five hundred. Women have only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle as men for their body mass. That is why an average woman cant lift as much, throw as far, or hit as hard as an average man.1. Intelligent use of the muscles means t

57、hat（）.2. According to the selection, more than half of a persons body is composed of（）.3. An average woman is weaker than an average man because she has （）.4. It is implied but not stated that（） .5. According to the selection, the muscular sense is responsible for （）.问题1选项A.one always knows what his

58、 muscles are doingB.one performs simple actions without workingC.ones muscles are used only to the extent necessary for each action they performD.one improves muscular action consciously问题2选项A.voluntary musclesB.muscle fibersC.involuntary fibersD.sensory nerves问题3选项A.more voluntary muscles than an a

59、verage manB.only 60 to 70 percent as much muscle for her body massC.60 to 70 percent less muscle for her body massD.less muscle fiber for her body weight问题4选项A.the muscular sense is more important than any other sensesB.muscular sense involves automatic perceptionC.there are many more than 500 invol

60、untary muscles in the bodyD.muscle tissue is inflexible问题5选项A.the efficiency of our musclesB.the normal breathing functionC.directing our muscles intelligentlyD.the work of only our involuntary muscles【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第二句The sixth sense is a muscular sense responsible