2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号74

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-陕西师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论

2、等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。2.单选题Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to_the tension by laughing or crying.问题1选项A.discardB.disperseC.disguiseD.discharge【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项discard v.抛弃，丢弃；B选项disperse v.分散，使散开，传

3、播；C选项disguise v.掩饰，假装；D选项discharge v.排放，释放，卸货。根据句意可知，有时恐惧造成的紧张，我们无法自行克制，这时就需要哭泣或者怒吼来释放压力。因此，正确答案为D。3.单选题They were_in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outside their lab.问题1选项A.submergedB.drownedC.immersedD.dipped【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项submerge“淹没”；B选项drown“淹没，溺死”；C选项immerse“使浸没于，

4、(使)深陷于，沉浸在”；D选项dip“浸，(使)下降，下沉”。be immersed in为固定搭配，表示“专心(埋头)于”。句意：他们沉浸在科学研究中，不知道实验室外发生了什么。4.单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A.testify

5、B.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。5.单选题I think that I committed a_in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.问题1选项A.blunderB.

6、revengeC.reproachD.scandal【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项blunder“愚蠢(或粗心)的错误”；B选项revenge“报仇，报复”；C选项reproach“责备，责骂”；D选项scandal“丑闻，丑行”。根据because引导的原因状语从句可知A选项符合语义。句意：我想我问她的时候犯了个错误，因为她似乎对我的问题很不高兴。6.单选题Robert says he bought these books in a .问题1选项A.disposalB.bargainC.reductionD.sale【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项disposal n.处理

7、，支配；B选项bargain n.交易，便宜货，契约；C选项reduction n.减少，下降；D选项sale n.销售，出售，拍卖，廉价出售。根据句意可知，Robert说这些书都是打折时候买的。因此，D项是正确答案。7.单选题（）, Shakespeare was also a prolific writer of sonnets.问题1选项A.Noting for his playsB.Notes of his plays,C.Famous playsD.Noted for his plays【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，逗号后是完整的句子，所以前半句中的动词需要变为

8、非谓语形式，而note与主句主语Shakespeare之间是被动关系，因此，正确答案为D项。句意：看莎士比亚的作品可知，他也是一个多产的短诗作者。8.单选题We are in an era of information procession（）there are great opportunities for those who can qualify.问题1选项A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句子前半部分是完整的句子，而且空格前的先行词为area，因此可得出后面的句子为缺少状语的定语从句，即空格处应该填入关系副词，相当于in an area

9、，故D项符合正确答案。句意：我们正处在信息队列中，有无数的机会等着那些可胜任挑战的人。9.单选题He became aware that he had lost his audience since he had not been able to talk coherently.问题1选项A.honestlyB.appropriatelyC.intelligiblyD.flexibly【答案】C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A选项honestly adv.真诚地，公正地；B选项appropriately adv.适当地，恰当地；C选项 intelligibly adv.易理解地，清楚明白地；D选项

10、flexibly adv.灵活地，柔软地。句意：他意识到自从自己说话不能保持前后一致开始，他已经失去了自己的听众。因此，C项为正确答案。10.单选题Although he has become rich, he is still very_of his money.问题1选项A.economicB.thriftyC.frugalD.careful【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项economic“经济的，有关经济的”；B选项thrifty“节俭的”，常用于be thrifty with sth.；C选项frugal“节省的，节俭的”，可用于be frugal with/of sth.；D

11、选项careful“小心地，仔细地”，be careful with/of sth.表示“当心，注意”。根据Although he has become rich与of可知选C。句意：虽然他变得富有了，但他仍然很节俭。11.单选题All the year she has been_between optimism and despair.问题1选项A.vibratingB.swingingC.fluctuatingD.waving【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项vibrate“(使)振动，颤动，摆动”；B选项swing“(使) 摆动，摇摆”，指意见、态度或感情的摇摆；C选项fluctua

12、te“（价格或数量）波动，涨落，起伏”；D选项wave“挥手，摆手”。根据between optimism and despair可知选B。句意：一年来她一直在乐观和绝望之间摇摆。12.单选题Be careful; this patients disease is（）.问题1选项A.congenialB.accessibleC.compulsoryD.contagious【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项为“意气相投的；一致的”；B选项为“易相处的；可理解的”；C选项为“义务的；必须的；强制性的”；D选项为“传染性的；会蔓延的”。根据所修饰名词disease疾病可知，D项为正确答案。13

13、.单选题In recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. Politicians also got on board. There is a direct relationship, US congressman Neal Smith noted, between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory

14、disorders, stroke and even early death.Frightening, if true! But many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “All this hue and cry about eating salt is unnecessary,” Dr. Dustan insists. “For most of us it probably doesnt make much difference how mu

15、ch salt we eat.” Dustans most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did

16、experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.“An adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” notes Dr. John H. Laragh. “So a recommendation that the whole population

17、 should avoid salt makes no sense.”Medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two grams of this sat al

18、lowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.Those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advises. But even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Jr admits tha

19、t “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.” In fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress.“It is not y

20、our enemy,” says Dr. Laragh. “Salt is the No. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and the idea that you dont need it is wrong. Unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”1. According to some doctors and politicians, the amount of

21、 salt consumed（）.2. From Dr. Dustans study we can infer that（）.3. In the third paragraph, Dr. Laragh implies that（）.4. The phrase “vocal. exponent” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to（）.5. What is the main message of this text?问题1选项A.exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor healthB.

22、cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disordersC.correlates highly with some diseasesD.is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease问题2选项A.a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some peopleB.the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with ones blood pressureC.the reduction of salt int

23、ake can cure a hypertensive patientD.an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone问题3选项A.people should not be afraid of taking excessive saltB.doctors should not advise people to avoid saltC.an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in diseaseD.excessive salt intake h

24、as claimed some victims in the general population问题4选项A.eloquent doctorB.articulate opponentC.loud speakerD.strong advocate问题5选项A.The salt scare is not justified.B.The cause of hypertension is now understood.C.The moderate use of salt is recommended.D.Salt consumption is to be promoted.【答案】第1题:C第2题:

25、A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There is a direct relationship,” US congressman Neal Smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”可知：一些医生和政客认为钠的摄入量和身体健康有直接关系，并会引发多种疾病，甚至早逝。说明他们认为食盐的摄入量与某些疾病的发生息息相关，因此，C项正确。2.推理

26、判断题。根据文章第二段Dustans mostrecent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt, was reintroduced.Of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experie

27、nce a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previouslevel when salt was reintroduced.可知：在Dustan研究中，当摄取极低的少盐饮食或者恢复食用食盐时，血压正常的人不会有什么改变。然而，在高血压人群中，少盐饮食中一半的人确实出现血压下降，而再次恢复食盐的摄入时，血压会返回到之前的水平。因此，A项“低盐饮食可能适合某些人”表述正确。B项和D项错误。文章并没有谈及“减少食盐摄入量可能治愈高血压”，故C项错误。3.推理判断题。根据文章第三段“So arecommendation that the w

28、hole population should avoid salt makes no sense”可知：医生不应该建议人们不吃盐，因此，B选项符合题意，为正确答案。4.词汇题。根据原文倒数第二段but even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, Dr. Arthur Hull Hayes, Dr. admits that.可知：就连“低盐论”最主要的支持者，Arthur博士都承认盐的摄入量是否与髙血压有关。所以最恰当的理解应该是强烈支持者。因此，D项为正确答案。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讨论了食盐摄入量与人体健康的关系。通过人们对于盐的恐慌引出相关话题，最后

29、表明“除非医生告知你有与摄取盐分相关的健康问题，否则，没有理由不摄取食盐”。由此可知，食盐恐慌是不合理的，A项为正确答案。14.单选题When preparing a diet, a person should be aware that vitamin D acts to increase the amount of calcium absorbed by the body.问题1选项A.schedule of exerciseB.nutritional planC.study of longevityD.medicinal chart【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。题目中diet表示“

30、饮食，规定饮食”；A选项为“锻炼日程”；B选项为“营养计划”； C选项为“长寿研宄”；D选项为“药用图表，药纸”。句意：在安排饮食时，个人应该注意维他命D的作用是增加人体对钙的吸收。因此，B项为正确答案。15.单选题A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_with other people.问题1选项A.such as they now talkB.

31、like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they now do【答案】D【解析】考查比较级。在as.as.引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quickly and easily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。16.单选题The police admitted_a mistake in arresting an innocent man问题1选项A.to makeB.to h

32、ave madeC.to having madeD.to making【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。admit to doing sth.表示“承认作某事”，为固定搭配。“犯错”这个动词发生在“承错误”这个动作之前，根据admitted（admit的过去式）可知空格处应为过去完成时，因此选C。句意：警方承认在逮捕一名无辜男子时犯了错误。17.单选题After several nuclear disasters, a_has raged over the safety of nuclear energy.问题1选项A.quarrelB.suspicionC.verdictD.controver

33、sy【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项quarrel“争吵，吵架”，强调以发生口角和吵架等形式引起的争论；B选项suspicion“怀疑，嫌疑”；C选项verdict“裁定，裁决”；D选项controversy“(公开的)争论，辩论”，指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。根据the safety of nuclear energy可知核能安全是一个重要的话题，因此选D。句意：在几次核灾难之后，激起了一场关于核能安全的争论。18.单选题The emergence of extraterrestrial life, particularly intelligent life, is a k

34、ey test for these rival instances.问题1选项A.doctrinesB.heresiesC.examplesD.debates【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项doctrines n.主义，学说，教义；B选项heresies n.异端邪说，异教；C选项 examples n.例子，实例；D选项debates n.辩论，讨论。句意：外星生命，尤其是有智慧生命的出现，对于这些竞争对手情况是一个关键性的测试。因此，C选项正确。19.单选题Norris has decided to for some evening class next them now tha

35、t he has settled down in New York.问题1选项A.enrollB.enlistC.engageD.enter【答案】A【解析】查短语搭配。A选项enroll v.参加，注册，登记；B选项enlist v. 谋取，征募，使入伍；C选项engage v.从事，答应，保证，订婚；D选项enter v.进入，开始，增加。由句意可知，既然Norris现在已经在纽约定居下来，那么他打算下学期报名参加一些晚上的课。因此，正确答案为A。20.翻译题Translate the following passage into Chinese.Short message service

36、 is a mechanism of delivery of short messages over the mobile networks. It is a store and forward way of transmitting messages to and from mobiles. The message (text only) from the sending mobile is stored in s central short message center which then forwards it to the destination mobile. This means

37、 that in the case that the recipient is not available; the short message is stored and can be sent later. Each short message can be no longer than 160 characters. These characters can be text or binary Non-Text Short messages. An interesting feature of SMS is return receipts. This means that the sen

38、der, if wishes, can get a small message notifying if the short message was delivered to the intended recipient.【答案】短信服务是通过移动网络来传送短消息的机制。它是一种在手机间储存和发送信息的途径。发送手机所传来的信息（纯文本）被储存于中央短消息中心，然后这个中心将它转发到目标手机。也就是说，在这种情况下，收件人收不到消息。短消息是先被储存后再被发送。每条短信可能不超过160个字符。这些字符可以是文本，或是二进制非文本消息。短信有趣的地方在于有回执。就是说，如果收件人成功收到短信，那

39、么发件人就会收到一条提醒通知。21.单选题Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.问题1选项A.comparisonB.categorizationC.classificationD.cognition【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项comparison n.比较，对照；B选项categorization n.分类，分门别类，编目方法；C选项 classification n.等级，类别；D选项cognition n.认识，辨识，认识能力。根据句意可知A项符合题意。句意：你的

40、类比不是一个好例子，因为这两种情况并不相同。22.单选题Her dairy was full of the insignificant, happy daily that had made up her life.问题1选项A.pursuitsB.triflesC.trivialD.premise【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项pursuits n.追求；B选项trifles n.琐事，鸡毛蒜皮的；C选项trivial adj.不重要的，琐碎的；D选项premise n.假定，前提。根据句意可知，她的日记中记载着许多微不足道却又快乐的生活琐事。因此，正确答案为B项。23.单选题Doc

41、tors usually try to the gravity of illness if a patient is found to have cancer.问题1选项A.specializeB.illuminateC.elevateD.minimize【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项specialize v.专门从事，详细说明；B选项illuminate v.阐明，说明；C选项elevate v.提升，举起，振奋；D选项minimize v.最小化，使减到最小。根据句意可知，如果病人查出得了癌症，医生总是尽量把病情说得轻一些。因此，正确答案为D项。24.单选题They have

42、a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。25.单选题I cant wait to hear about your Eng

43、lish class问题1选项A.am eager toB.am late toC.am indifferentD.am happy to【答案】A【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中cant wait to do sth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”; C选项为“对漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。26.单选题Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detriment

44、al to teaching that he recommends that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes. I suggested that the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching. Such a program would not only improve teaching th

45、eory and technique, it would make clear what competencies are required of a good teacher and help professors attain them. Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable support and commitment. C

46、ompetent educational research is no more a part-time activity than competent scientific research. The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have

47、an obligation to see that it is upgraded. Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind. There is no reason to believe that an effective theory and technology of instruction is any easier to achieve than controlled

48、 nuclear fusion. It is certainly every bit as worthy.1. Professor Kline believes that competition with research in the universities（）.2. The author wants to improve（）.3. The author believes that scientific research（）.4. According to the author educational research（）.5. Educational research in most u

49、niversities today （）.问题1选项A.leads to the establishment of separate research institutesB.is harmful to teachingC.functions well in the universitiesD.is financially unsound问题2选项A.research institutesB.development programsC.educational researchD.part-time activity问题3选项A.is not necessarily easier than ed

50、ucational researchB.has standards that educational research cannot attainC.with educational researchD.must be relegated to a part-time activity问题4选项A.is relatively easyB.is quite complexC.is often trivialD.should have lower standards问题5选项A.receives adequate supportB.is no longer a part-tome activity

51、C.is easy to achieveD.needs more commitment【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由原文第一段Professor Kline concludes that competition with research in the universities is so detrimentaltoteaching that the two functions be physically and financially separated by setting up research institutes.，可知，Prof

52、essor Kline认为研究成果的竞争会对教育产生负面的影响，从而降低教学质量，即对教学有不利影响。因此，B项为正确答案。2.细节事实题。由原文 the development of a sound program of educational research would be much more beneficial to teaching.以及Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research可知，作者认为必须提高educational research的地位

53、，要把educational research和scientific research放在同等重要的位置共谋发展。 A选项research institutes一直就是学校比较重视的方面；B选项并未在文中单独说明； D选项也不是侧重点。因此，C项符合原文，为正确答案。3.观点态度题。由原文Educational research should be required to meet the same standards as scientific research, but it cannot be raised to those standards without comparable su

54、pport and commitment.可知，作者认为教育研究应该与科学研究有一样的标准，但是如果没有同等的投入和支持，无法实现这些标准。因此，B项认为“科学研究的有些标准，教育研究无法实现”是正确答案。故本题选择B项。4.细节事实题。根据原文Let no one think that educational research is easy: it is concerned with no less than unraveling the complexities of the human mind.可知，作者认为教育研究并不简单，难度不亚于解开人类思维的复杂性。故本题正确答案为B项。5.

55、细节事实题。通过原文The relatively trivial educational research so common in the universities is an inevitable consequence of trivial commitment by the universities. Rather than belittle such research, the professors have an obligation to see that it is upgraded.可知，如今在大学中，教育研究需要更多的承诺，教授们有责任促进教学科研水平的提高，而不是减少这类

56、研究。因此，D项是正确答案。27.单选题This is one of the animals that can the color of their surroundings.问题1选项A.take upB.take inC.take onD.take to【答案】C【解析】词组题。A选项take up拿起，开始从事，占据；B选项take in吸收，理解，欺骗；C选项take on 承担，呈现，具有；D选项take to喜欢，走向，开始从事。句意：这种动物是那种可以随着环境的颜色而改变身体颜色的种类。因此，C项“呈现”符合题意。28.单选题How we look and how we appe

57、ar to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we shoul

58、d dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair i

59、n the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change?

60、Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression