2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号49

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-西北大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题The Americans lost the nuclear weapon monopoly when the Soviets exploded their first atomic bomb.问题1选项A.controlB.businessC.superiorityD.privilege【答案】A【解析】句意：苏联第一颗原子弹爆炸后，美国失去了核武器的垄断地位。monopoly意为“垄断，专卖”，也就是具有控制权。所以contr

2、ol与之意思相近。2.单选题Tom wasnt happy about the delay, and （ ）.问题1选项A.I was neitherB.I wasnt neitherC.neither was ID.either was I【答案】C【解析】句意：汤姆对耽搁很不高兴，我也是。根据句意可知，前后表示同样的情况，肯定用So+助动词+主语，否定用Neither+ 助动词+主语，所以选项C正确。3.单选题An abstract is（ ） form of an academic article. Many journals publish abstracts so readers c

3、an decide if it is worthwhile to read the full version of the article.问题1选项A.conciseB.comprehensiveC.concreteD.conceptual【答案】A【解析】concise简明的，简洁的；comprehensive综合的，广泛的；concrete具体的，有形的；conceptual概念上的。句意：摘要是学术文章的简洁形式。许多学术期刊会刊登摘要，以便读者决定是否值得阅读全文。选项A符合句意。4.单选题He was meticulous in checking his accounts.问题1选

4、项A.extremely slowB.incredibly quickC.excessively carefulD.unbelievably care【答案】C【解析】meticulous意为一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的。选项C与之意思相近。5.单选题One never can see the thing in itself, because the mind does not （ ）phenomena.问题1选项A.transcendB.superiorC.passD.advantage【答案】A【解析】transcend胜过，超越；superior上级的，优 秀的；pass经过，传递；advan

5、tage有利于，使处于优势。句意：一个人永远无法看到事物本身，因为思想无法超越现象。选项A符合语境。6.翻译题人们对金钱有各自的看法。有的人喜欢钱是因为钱能为他们买到东西，另一些人则把它看作安全的保障。有的人担心自己永远挣不到足够的钱，另一些人则不喜欢有太多的钱。人们对于钱的态度取决于许多方面：在什么样的环境中长大，习惯于拥有多少钱，是为钱而努力工作还是为喜欢的工作而挣钱。甚至人们对生活的信念也影响对金钱的看法。对于金钱的态度没有正确和错误之分，每种态度都自有其合理之处。【答案】People have their own views on money. Some people like mon

6、ey because money can buy things for them, while others treat it as a security guarantee. Some people worry that they will never earn enough money, while others would not like to have too much money. Peoples attitude towards money depends on many aspects such as in what kind of environment you grow u

7、p, how much money you are used to obtaining, and you work hard for making money or make money just because you love the job. Even the faith of peoples life also affects the view on money. There is no right or wrong attitude towards money, and each attitude has its own reasonable point.7.单选题The Badla

8、nds National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.问题1选项A.trulyB.strangelyC.exceedinglyD.impressively【答案】B【解析】句意：荒地国家公园是在南达科塔州建立的，旨在保护这个奇特的美丽地区。weirdly意为“古怪地，奇特地”。truly真实地；strangely奇妙地，不可思议地；exceedingly非常，极其；impressively令人难忘地。选项B与之意思相近。8.单选题Americans feel tha

9、t using someones words in a research paper without referencing them is tantamount to stealing.问题1选项A.necessaryB.unbelievableC.acceptableD.equivalent【答案】D【解析】句意：美国人认为，在研究论文中使用某人的话而不提及他们，就相当于是抄袭。tantamount意为“等于，相当于”。equivalent相等的，同意义的。选项D与之意思相近。9.单选题We are not sure that he will be able to （ ）the shock

10、 of going bankrupt.问题1选项A.get overB.put throughC.take upD.depend upon【答案】A【解析】get over 克服，恢复，熬过；put through 接通，完成，使经受；take up拿起，开始从事；depend upon依赖，取决于。句意：我们不确定他能否从破产的打击中恢复过来。选项A符合句意。10.单选题His attempts to （ ）the two friends failed because they had complete faith in each other.问题1选项A.alienateB.abuseC.

11、alleviateD.abandon【答案】A【解析】alienate使疏远，离间；abuse滥用，虐待；alleviate减轻，缓和；abandon 遗弃，放弃。句意：他疏远这两个朋友的企图失败了，因为他们彼此之间完全信任。选项A符合语境。11.单选题The study of law, with its great number of cases, statutes, and contracts, can be a tedious process.问题1选项A.a curiousB.an overwhelmingC.a challengingD.a tiresome【答案】D【解析】句意：学

12、习法律，由于它有大量的案例、法规和合同，可能是一个乏味的过程。tedious意为“沉闷的，冗长乏味的”。tiresome烦人的，无聊的，所以选项D与之意思相近。12.单选题The apartment has been （ ）sine Smiths moved out.问题1选项A.vacantB.versatileC.vacuumD.vain【答案】A【解析】vacant 空虚的，空缺的，空闲的；versatile多才多艺的，万能的；vacuum 真空的；vain 徒劳的，自负的。句意：自从Smith搬出去后，那套公寓一直空着。选项A符合句意。13.单选题Humor has been well

13、 defined as: “Thinking in fun while feeling in earnest”.问题1选项A.幽默被人很好地解释为：“带着认真的情绪滑稽地思考”。B.幽默被人很恰当地解释为：“认真地感觉,不认真地思考”。C.幽默被人很巧妙地诠释为：“一面认真地感觉一面滑稽地思考”。【答案】A【解析】本题的关键在于对引语的翻译，相比较之下，选项A翻译最为准确。14.单选题The article insinuated that the official was bribed.问题1选项A.denied positivelyB.stated flatlyC.argued convin

14、cinglyD.suggested indirectly【答案】D【解析】insinuate意为暗示。denied positively明确否认；stated flatly平平的陈述；argued convincingly 令人信服地论证；suggested indirectly迂回的表示。选项D与之意思相近。15.翻译题1.Libraries other than those listed above require additional registration before you can access their collections.2.In the past, he used t

15、o tell us of his expeditions through the woods and fields round his home, and how he explored the solitary brooks and ponds; and then he described the curious animals and birds he saw.3.七月份中国消费物价指数与去年同期比下降了 0.9%, 而六月份该指数下降了 0.8%。【答案】1.除了上面列举的图书馆外，使用其他图书馆的藏书，你还需要另行注册。2.以前他时常对我说关于他在他家周围的森林和原野中探险的事，以及他

16、怎样找到一些偏僻的溪流和池塘的情形，然后他会描述他所见到的珍禽异兽。3.Chinas consumer price index in July dropped by 0.9 percent compared with that of the same period in last year and the index fell 0.8% in June.16.单选题Let me stand in with you if its very expensive.问题1选项A.bargain for youB.borrow money for youC.share the cost with you

17、D.stand on your side【答案】C【解析】stand in with意为与联合，同分担。bargain for you讨价还价；borrow money for you 借钱；share the cost with you一起承担；stand on your side 站在你这边。选项C与之意思相近。17.单选题In colonial America, people generally covered their beds with decorative quilts resembling those of the lands from which the quitters h

18、ad come. Wealthy and socially prominent settlers made quilts of the English type, cut from large lengths of cloth of the same color and texture rather than stitched together from smaller pieces. They made these until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775, when everything English came to be fro

19、wned upon.Among the whole-cloth quilts made by these wealthy settlers during the early period are those now called linsey-woolseys. This term was usually applied to a fabric of wool and linen used in heavy clothing and quilted petticoats worn in the wintertime. Despite the name, linsey-woolsey bedco

20、vers did not often contain linen. Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fiber dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow. The filling

21、was a soft layer of wool which had been cleaned and separated and the three layers were held together with decorative stitching done with homespun linen thread. Later, cotton thread was used for this purpose. The design of the stitching was often a simple one composed of interlocking circles or cros

22、sed diagonal lines giving a diamond pattern.This type of heavy, warm, quilted bedcover was so large that it hung to the floor. The comers are cut out at the foot of the cover so that the quilt fit snugly around the tall four-poster, beds of the 1700s, which differed from those of today in that they

23、were shorter and wider; they were short because people slept in a semi-sitting position with many bolsters or pillows, and wide, because each bed often slept three or more. The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded. There was no cent

24、ral heating and most bedrooms did not have fireplaces.1.What does this passage mainly discuss?2.The author mentions the Revolutionary War as a time period when （ ）.3.The quilts described in the second and third paragraphs were made primarily of（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that t

25、he sleeping habits of most Americans have changed since the 1700s in all the following ways EXCEPT（ ）.5.Which of the following was most likely to be found in a bedroom in the colder areas of the American colonies?问题1选项A.The processing of woolB.Linsey-woolsey bedcoversC.Sleeping habits of colonial Am

26、ericansD.Quilts made in England问题2选项A.quilts were supplied to the armyB.more immigrants arrived from EnglandC.quilts imported from England became harder to findD.peoples attitudes toward England changed问题3选项A.woolB.linenC.cottonD.a mixture of fabrics问题4选项A.the position in which people sleepB.the num

27、bers of bolsters or pillows people sleep onC.the length of time people sleepD.the number of people who sleep in one bed问题5选项A.A linsey-woolseyB.A vent from a central healing systemC.A fireplaceD.A wood stove【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，原文第一段首先介绍了什么是被褥，接下来的段落则是具体介绍其中的一种Linsey-woo

28、lsey。所以选项B正确。2.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“They made these until the advent of the Revolutionary War in 1775, when everything English came to be frowned upon.”直到1775年革命战争爆发，人们对来自英国的一切都不赞成。也就是说，人们对英国的态度改变了。选项D符合原文。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第三句“Despite the name, linsey-woolsey bedcovers did not often contain linen. Rather, th

29、ey were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric.”尽管有这个名字，linsey-woolsey床单通常并不包含亚麻。相反，它们是由一层羊毛或光滑的精纺毛织物制成的由此可知，其主要成分是羊毛，选项A正确。4.事实细节题。根据第三段第二句“they were short because people slept in a semi-sitting position with many bolsters or pillows, and wide, because each bed often slept thre

30、e or more.”它们短是因为人们以半坐的姿势睡觉，有许多支撑物或枕头；宽是因为每张床通常睡三个人或更多。由此可知，选项A，B，D均有提及，只有选项C不正确。5.事实细节题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“ The linsey-woolsey covering was found in the colder regions of the country because of the warmth it afforded.”由于它所提供的温暖，人们在该国较冷的地区发现了这种类似羊毛的覆盖物。所以选项A符合题意。18.单选题Every Sunday evening there is a （ ）of

31、people around the pavilion in the park since it has become a regular site for an English corner.问题1选项A.congruenceB.congratulationC.congressD.congregation【答案】D【解析】congruence 适合，一致；congratulation祝贺，贺辞；congress 代表大会；congregation 集会，集合。句意：自从这里成为英语角的固定场所后，每个星期天的晚上都会有很多人聚集在公园的亭子周围。选项D符合句意。19.单选题The presid

32、ent appears to have been （ ）when he promised to try to balance the national budget.问题1选项A.in earnestB.in personC.in privateD.in reality【答案】A【解析】in earnest 认真地，诚挚地；in person 亲自地；in private秘密地，私下地；in reality 实际上；事实上。句意：当总统承诺努力平衡国家预算时，他似乎是认真的。选项A符合句意。20.单选题The use of robots and automated machinery has

33、eliminated certain （ ）factory jobs.问题1选项A.thrillingB.timidC.enticingD.tedious【答案】D【解析】thrilling 激动人心的；令人兴奋的；timid 胆 小的，羞怯的；enticing 有吸引力的，诱人的；tedious 沉闷的，冗长乏味的。句意：机器人和自动化机器的使用消除了某些单调乏味的工厂工作。选项D符合句意。21.单选题While there is little systematic work relating foreign language learning strategies to success,

34、there are a number of observations which can be made about individuals who are good language learners.I have been able to isolate some of the individuals by observing students in classrooms in California and Hawaii, by observing myself and talking to other good language learners, by eliciting observ

35、ations from some second language teachers. As I have begun to observe classes, what fascinates me is how often the teacher plows ahead with the lesson seemingly with little awareness of what is going on in each student, and often without directing the attention of the poorer students to how the succ

36、essful student arrived at his answer. That is, many foreign language teachers are concerned with finding the best method or with getting the correct answer, yet the teachers fail to attend to the learning process. If they attended to it more, they might be able to tailor their input to their student

37、s needs and might be able to provide their students with techniques that would enable them to learn on their own. Indeed, no course could ever teach all we need to know about a language, and the students must find the means to help themselves, when the teacher is not around.The task of observing the

38、se strategies is a complicated one because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify. However, when our attention is focused on observing these strategies, I think we may find it easier to isolate some of them. Just recent

39、ly, I discovered that by using video tapes we hope to help learners and teachers see what is going on in the classroom. We hope to be able, as well, to abstract the learner strategies by interviewing the learner about his behavior during a particular classroom which showing them a tape of their own

40、behavior.In spite of the fact that we are only beginning to isolate these strategies, I think that it is useful to list some of the ones found thus far. They remain general but give an idea of the kind of strategies I think we ought to be looking for.1.Which of the following could be the best title

41、for this passage?2.The author formed some ideas about the features of good foreign language learning by getting information from （ ）.3.The author believes that the most important task of a good language teacher is（ ）.4. “They might be able to tailor their input to their students needs” means（ ）.5.Ob

42、serving language learning strategies is very complicated because（ ）.问题1选项A.The Successful Language LearnerB.Relationship between Teaching and LearningC.Language Learning StrategiesD.Observations of Language Classes问题2选项A.language classroomsB.talks with studentsC.lectures on this topicD.foreign teach

43、ers问题3选项A.to teach students learning strategiesB.to use the textbook skillfully and flexiblyC.to look for a suitable teaching method for the classD.to help students develop their own leaning methods问题4选项A.they could provide techniques to find out the students needsB.they could adjust their teaching

44、to the needs of individual studentsC.they could cut out redundant materials to meet their students needsD.they could revise the textbook to suit the needs of their students问题5选项A.either the learner or the teacher will find it difficult to specify what exactly they areB.neither the learner nor the te

45、acher may be able to describe them preciselyC.they are related to the processes of learning which even the teacher cannot state preciselyD.they involve the leaning process which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to isolate【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文有一个关键词“strat

46、egies”,所以本文主要讲的是语言学习策略。选项C正确。2.事实细节题。根据第二段第一句“.by observing myself and talking to other good language learners.”通过观察自己和与其他优秀的语言学习者交谈选项B符合原文。3.事实细节题。根据第二段倒数二三句，许多外语老师关心的是找到最好的方法或得到正确的答案，然而老师没有注意到学习的过程。如果更多地关注过程，他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求，并且能够向学生提供使他们能够自学的方法。也就是说，帮助学生发展自己的学习方法，选项D符合原文。4.推理判断题。根据上一题可知，原文表达的意思是

47、：他们可以调整教学方法来满足学生的需求。也就是说，他们可以根据个别学生的需要调整教学，选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。5.推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“.because the strategies necessarily involve cognitive processes which neither the learner nor the teacher may be able to specify.”观察这些策略的任务是一项复杂的任务，因为这些策略必然涉及认知过程，而学习者和教师都无法具体说明这些过程。either.or.指“不是就是”，neither.nor.指的是二者都不，所以选项

48、B正确。22.单选题The presidents enemies are spreading ill rumors to （ ）his authority.问题1选项A.assertB.forgeC.undermineD.remain【答案】C【解析】assert维护，主张，声称；forge伪造，锻造；undermine破坏，削弱；remain保持，留下。句意：总统的敌人正在散布谣言去破坏他的权威。选项C符合句意。23.单选题Even though it is a （ ）explanation, I am not completely convinced.问题1选项A.susceptibleB

49、.plausibleC.plentifulD.reliable【答案】B【解析】susceptible易受影响的，易感动的；plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；plentiful许多的，丰富的；reliable可靠的，可信赖的。句意：尽管这是一个合理的解释，但我并不完全信服。选项B符合句意。24.单选题In describing the grandeur and sublimity of this country, the Haitian (海地人)may well enough to adopt the poetic description of their own proud cou

50、ntry.问题1选项A.serenityB.splendorC.elegantD.sight【答案】B【解析】句意：在描述这个国家的伟大和庄严时，海地人很乐意接受对他们引以为豪的祖国这样诗意的描述。sublimity意为“庄严，崇高”。serenity 平静，宁静；splendor 壮丽，显赫 ；elegant优美的，讲究的；sight 视力，见解。选项B与之意思相近。25.单选题Johns evenings out are usually followed by a quick dash back to his own flat to finish his reading for the f

51、ollowing days tutorial.问题1选项A.lectureB.reportC.quizD.discussion【答案】A【解析】根据句意可知，tutorial指辅导课，辅导材料。lecture 演讲，讲稿，教训；report 报告，成绩单；quiz恶作剧，随堂测验；discussion 讨论。选项A最符合原文语境，所以正确。26.单选题The chairman was asked to resign, （ ）totally unfit for his post.问题1选项A.having consideredB.consideringC.to be consideredD.be

52、ing considered【答案】D【解析】分析句子可知，逗号前后没有连接词，所以逗号后面不能是完整的句子，这里是分词短语做状语，前后为因果关系，所以选项C目的状语可首先排除；再根据句意可知，这里表被动，所以选项D正确。句意：主席被要求辞职，因为他被认为完全不适合这个职位。27.单选题What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?问题1选项A.classifyB.justifyC.purifyD.

53、unify【答案】D【解析】classify分类，分等；justify证明合法，替辩护；purify净化，使纯净；unify统一，使一致。句意：文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么？选项D符合句意。28.单选题In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is compacted into ice.问题1选项A.broken downB.embeddedC.compiledD.compressed【答案】D【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。broken down打破，折断

54、；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed 压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。29.单选题然而, 研究人员在报告中提醒说, 相对于患更严重的疾病的危险来说, 这些益处简直微不足道。问题1选项A.Researchers in the study, however, cautioned that such benefits dont outweigh the risk of more serious ailments.B.However, researchers reminded in the report that such benefits are nothing

55、compared with the risk of more serious ailments.C.However, researchers cautioned in their report that such benefits dont indolence a lot comparing to the risk of more serious ailments.【答案】A【解析】“提醒”在本句中用remind比较口语化，caution更为正式，因为是在报告中进行提醒，因此caution更为恰当；后面包含一个比较，用outweigh言简意賅， 最为恰当。所以选项A翻译最精确。30.单选题Di

56、amonds have little （ ）value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。 句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。31.单选题Any driver stopped by the police for some minor

57、traffic （ ）can be asked to take a test for alcoholic drinking.问题1选项A.violationB.accidentC.congestionD.problem【答案】A【解析】violation 违反，妨碍，侵害；accident 意外，事故；congestion 拥挤，拥塞。句意：任何因轻微交通违章被警察拦下的司机都可以被要求做酒精测试。选项A符合句意。32.单选题His father read the newspaper at the kitchen table, all the while delivering （ ）on th

58、e politics of the day for the benefit of anyone within earshot.问题1选项A.complementsB.remarksC.speechD.animadversions【答案】D【解析】complement 补语，补足物；remark言辞；speech演讲，讲话；animadversion 批评，评语。句意：他的父亲坐在餐桌旁看报纸，一直批判当今政治只对极少数人有利。选项D更符合语境。33.单选题He was raging inside, but he held himself in.问题1选项A.stayed indoorsB.tr

59、ied hard to forget itC.controlled himselfD.calmed down【答案】C【解析】hold oneself in意为约束，抑制。stayed indoors待在室内；tried hard to forget it 努力忘记；controlled himself 控制自己；calmed down 平静下来，镇定下来。选项C与之意思相近。34.翻译题疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲人最常抱怨的问题之一。或许你认为在这个拥有各种节省体力的装置和方便的交通设施的时代。很少有人会有理由感到如此疲劳。然而，今天与用手捆干草，用搓衣板洗衣服的昔日相比，抱怨疲劳的人也许更

60、多了。据医生们说，疲倦更可能是由于过少的活动所致，而不是过多的活动所引起的。情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑，显然是长期疲劳最常见的原因。【答案】Fatigue is one of the most common problems complained by people to doctors, friends and folks. Perhaps you think that few would have reasons to feel tired in the era of full of all kinds of strength-saving device and convenient