2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号46

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京师范大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题When he saw what had happened to the black girl, his face（ ） extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction.问题1选项A.registeredB.suggestedC.reflectD.enhance【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。register“登记；记录；（用表情等）流露出”; suggest“提议;建议；暗示”；reflect

2、“反映;反射;照出”；enhance“提髙；加强；增加”。句意：当他看到那个黑人女孩的遭遇吋，他脸上流露出极其反对和不满的表情。由face以及 extreme disapproval and dissatisfaction“极其反对和不满的情绪”可知，他应该是流露出这种情感。故A项正确。2.单选题（ ）she was living in London that she met her husband Terry.问题1选项A.Just whenB.During the time whenC.Soon afterD.It was while【答案】D【解析】考查强调句型。强调句的结构为it is

3、+被强调部分+that. 故D项正确。句意：她住在伦敦的时候遇见了她的丈夫Terry.3.单选题With the combination of intelligence and （ ）skills, people have found ways to use plant and animal resources, mineral ores, fuels, and many other of Earths materials and resources.问题1选项A.plausibleB.elegantC.exteriorD.manual【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。plausible“看似

4、可信的，花言巧语的”；elegant“优雅的”；exterior“外部的，外面的”；manual“体力的，手控的”。句意：通过智慧和动手技巧，人们已经找到了利用动植物资源、矿石、燃料以及地球上许多其他物质和资源的方法。只有D项符合句意。4.论述题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the remark Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass You can give examples to

5、 illustrate your point and then explain what you will do to make your life more meaningful. You should write at least 200 words. Put your essay on Answer Sheet.Part I Cloze 【答案】略5.翻译题Directions: For this section, you are asked to read the following short passage first and then to write a composition

6、 entitled Which one Do You Think Is More Important, Pleasure or Longevity? You should not copy any of the sentences in the following passage. You should write no less than 150 words. Remember to write clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. （15%） （Just for your reference）People are almost phobic（恐惧症）about havi

7、ng fun. increasingly viewing themselves as fragile, vulnerable, ready to develop cancer or heart disease at the slightest provocation（刺激）. In the name of health, people give up many of their life enjoyments. We have no quarrel with the evidence that some pleasures, like cigarette smoking, high alcoh

8、ol consumption, addictive drugs, driving much too fast, are unhealthy and should be knocked off. But worrying too much about anything including calories, salt, cancer, and cholesterol（胆固醇）-can rob your life of vitality. Living optimistically, with pleasure, zest, and commitment enriches if not lengt

9、hens life.Do you agree to the above point of view? Which one do you think is more important, pleasure or longevity （长寿）? Give your own comments and write them down on the ANSWER SHEET.【答案】略6.单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manne

10、rs on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate drivers, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be Kind to Other Drivers campaign, otherwise, it may get completely out of hand.34. Road politeness i

11、s not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a

12、wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgments of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays dont even seem able to recognize politeness when they see

13、 it.However, improper politeness can also be dangerous. A typical example is the driver who waves a child across a crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to slop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to.A veteran d

14、river, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learn to filter correctly into traffic streams without causing the total blockages that give rise to bad temper.Unfortunately, modern motorists cant even learn to drive let alone be well-mannered on the road. Years ago the expert

15、s warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are primarily caused by（ ）.2. The sentence “You might tolerate the rude and inconside

16、rate driver, but nowadays the well mannered motorist is the exception to the rule” implies that（ ）.3. By “good sense （Paragraph2）, the writer means（ ）.4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion（ ）.5. In the writers opinion（ ）.问题1选项A.peoples attitude towards driversB

17、.the rhythm of modern lifeC.traffic conditionsD.the behavior of the driver问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude driers can be met only occasionallyC.nowadays impolite drivers constitute the majority of motoristsD.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the rude driver

18、问题3选项A.the drivers prompt response to difficult conditionsB.the drivers ability to understand and react reasonablyC.the drivers tolerance of had road conditionsD.the drivers acknowledgment of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.rivers should be ready to yield to on anotherB.road users should make more

19、sacrificesC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer a great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.drivers should apply road politeness properlyB.strict traffic regulations are badly neededC.rude and inconsiderate drivers should be punishedD.drivers should t

20、ry their best to avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners on the roads are becoming horrible. You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate drivers, but nowadays the wel

21、l-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. 将这一切归咎于交通堵塞、汽油价格和现代生活的快节奏是很有道理的，但道路上的礼仪正变得可怕。你可能会容忍粗鲁和不顾他人的司机，但现在有礼貌的司机是个例外。可知作者认为交通阻塞是由于司机的不良行为造成的，故D项正确。2.推理判断题。You might tolerate the rude and inconsiderate driver, but nowadays the well mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. 你可能会容忍粗鲁和不顾他

22、人的司机，但现在有礼貌的司机是例外。这句话的言外之意就是当今不礼貌的司机占大多数。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。Road politeness is not only good manners, but good sense too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behaviors. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a l

23、ong way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgment in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modern traffic conditions. 道路礼貌不仅是礼貌，也是良好的感觉。它让头脑最冷静、脾气最好的司机，在遭遇不文明行为时，也要抵制住报复的诱惑。另一方面，一点点礼貌就能大大缓

24、解开车时的紧张情绪。对礼貌行为的友好点头或招手有助于创造友好和宽容的氛围，这在现代交通条件下是非常必要的。由此下文可知good sense是指司机对于礼貌行为合理地理解并作出回应的能力。故B项正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Years ago the experts warned us that the car-ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart. 几年

25、前，专家们警告我们，汽车拥有量的激增将要求所有道路使用者进行更多的互让。现在是我们所有人牢记这一信息的时候了。”可知在汽车不断增多的情况下，要求道路使用者互让。故A项正确。5.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了随着汽车数量激增，加之司机的不礼貌的行为导致道路阻塞的情况很严重，作者呼吁司机应该要有礼貌，并对礼貌行为做出适当回应。7.填空题The chemical（ ） （fertile） is widely used in the rural area.【答案】fertilizer【解析】放在形容词后，故用名词形式。8.单选题The first priority is to（ ） a good refe

26、rence book to identify the pest and choose the most effective control.问题1选项A.concedeB.conciseC.consentD.consult【答案】D【解析】考查形近词辨析。concede v.“承认；退让”；concise“简明的；简洁的”；consent“同意；赞成”；consult“査阅；商量”。由空后的a good reference book“一本好的参考书”可知D项正确。consult a reference book查阅参考书。句意：首要任务就是查阅好的参考书来确定害虫并选择最有效的控制方法。9.单

27、选题There （ ） milk left in the refrigerator.问题1选项A.arent anyB.arent someC.isnt anyD.isnt some【答案】C【解析】考查语法。milk为不可数名词，any用于否定句。故C项正确。句意：冰箱里没有牛奶了。10.单选题The old professor has had the flu for a long time but he has finally （ ） and is back in the office.问题1选项A.got overB.got over itC.got throughD.got up it

28、【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。get over“克服;恢复”，后面接宾语；get through“通过；到 达”；get up “起床”由后半句“is back in the office回到办公室”可知，教授的病好了，恢复了健康，故B项正确。句意：这位老教授患流感很长时间了，但是最终他恢复了，并且回到了办公室。11.单选题Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists b

29、ecame acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t （named after its address on Fifth Avenue） of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armor

30、y Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appeali

31、ng subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city，more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the “As

32、h Can School”and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914,

33、which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance, In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the backgro

34、und of a painting; the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned

35、?2. It can be inferred from the passage that European art trends probably affected United States art most during which of the following years?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?4. Why does the author mention Alfred Stiegli

36、tz?5. According to the author, which of the following was a favorite subject for American modernists?问题1选项A.The development of Cubism.B.Modern art movements in the United Sates.C.Contemporary artists in the United States.D.The influence of photography on landscape painters.问题2选项A.1901B.1908C.1913D.1

37、936问题3选项A.Lessons from successful artists.B.The exhibitions at the gallery “291”.C.Trips to Europe.D.The Armory Show of 1913.问题4选项A.To demonstrate that photography was the major influence in modern art.B.To compare him to other artists of the time.C.To point out that many artist learned their craft

38、by studying with him.D.To give an example of someone who had an influence on modern art.问题5选项A.Portraits of famous people.B.Country scenes.C.Pictures of buildings interiors.D.City landscapes.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.本文第一句话就点明了“从1910年到1930年，欧洲艺术的新运动开始在美国产生影响。”本文主要讲述了现代艺术运动在美国的兴起到高潮，从纽约画廊的启发

39、到立体派的重大突破，都是围绕美国的现代艺术运动而展开的，故本文的主题就是美国的现代艺术运动。故B项正确。.2主旨大意题。由第一段“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a numb

40、er of progressive American painters. 但是，对美国现代运动的传播最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览，在这次展览中，许多欧洲著名艺术家的作品和一些进步的美国画家的作品一起展出。可知影响最大的是发生在1913年的军械库展览。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named af

41、ter its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. 美国艺术家在去巴黎的旅行中，在纽约著名的b291t画廊(以第五大道的地址命名)举办的摄影家Stieglitz的展览中，开始了解这种新的艺术。可知BC两项在文中有都有提及；D项在“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, 但是，对现

42、代运动在美国的传播最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览”有提及。故只有A项没提到。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词Alfred Stieglitz 定位到第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz.

43、 美国艺术家在去巴黎的旅行中，在纽约著名的b291t画廊(以第五大道的地址命名)举办的摄影家Stieglitz的展览中，开始了解这种新的艺术。可知Alfred Stieglitz是纽约画廊的摄影师，他是影响现代艺术运动的摄影家之一。故D项“举一个对现代艺术有影响的人的例子”正确。5.细节事实题。由第二段Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. 一些受军

44、械库展览影响的美国现代主义者发现城市景观，尤其是纽约，是一个吸引人的主题。可知D项“城市风景”是美国现代主义者喜欢的主题。12.单选题You arent going to the library, are you? （ ）, Im not going to the library.问题1选项A.YesB.NoC.OKD.All right【答案】B【解析】考查反义疑问句。反义疑问句的回答根据实际情况作答，空格后为否定的情况，故用No.B项正确。13.单选题They may often have to （ ） social evenings and holidays because of the

45、ir busy work.问题1选项A.forgoB.forfeitC.abandonD.forgive【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。forgo“放弃；停止；断念”；forfeit“（因犯罪、失职、 违约等）丧失（权利、名誉、生命等）”；abandon“遗弃；放弃”；forgive“原谅”。句意：由于忙碌的工作他们不得不放弃社交晚宴和假期。由because of their busy work可知他们放弃了社交晚宴和假期，故A项正确。14.单选题（ ）, over the months, we began to get to know him.问题1选项A.Once in a whileB.

46、From time to timeC.Every now and thenD.Little by little【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。once in a while“偶尔，有时”；from time to time“不时，有时”；every now and then“不时地，常常”；little by little“渐渐，逐渐地”。句意：经过几个月时间，我们渐渐地了解了他。由over the months,以及began to know可知D项“渐渐地”符合题意。15.单选题Even though the Red Cross had（ ） large sum for the relie

47、f of the sufferers of the disaster, many people perished.问题1选项A.alienatedB.alternatedC.allocatedD.ascertained【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。alienate使疏远，离间；alternate交替，轮流；allocate分配；ascertain确定，查明。能与large sum搭配的只有分配。故C项正确。句意：尽管红十字会划拨了一大笔款项来缓解遭受灾难的人们，但仍有很多人因这场灾难而死亡。16.单选题The more people are jammed together, the more

48、（ ）and irrational they become.问题1选项A.mechanicalB.liableC.hostileD.earnest【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。mechanical“机械的，力学的”；liable“容易的”；hostile“对有敌意的”；earnest“认真的，热心的”。句意：越多人堵在一起，他们就变得越（ ）和越缺乏理性。and表并列，由and后面的irrational可知空格处应填贬义词，只有C项是贬义词，故C项正确。17.单选题Actually, recycling is one of the least important things we can

49、 do, if our real （ ） is to preserve natural resources.问题1选项A.subjectionB.objectiveC.excitementD.inclusion【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。subjection“隶属，服从，征服”；objective“目的，目标”；excitement“兴奋，刺激”；inclusion“包含，内含物”。句意：事实上，回收利用是我们能做的最不重要的事情之一，如果我们的真正（ ）是保护自然资源的话。由不定式to preserve natural resources可知这是一种目的，故B项正确。18.翻译题学问是自

50、己的事，不能依靠别人。环境好，图书设备充足，有良师益友指导启发， 当然有很大的帮助，但是这些条件具备，也不一定能保证一个人在学问上就有成就。世间也有不少在学问上有成就的人，并不具备这些条件。最重要的因素，还是个人自己的 努力。求学是一件艰苦的事，许多人不能忍受那必经的艰苦，所以不能得到成功。【答案】Learning is ones own business, and one can not rely on others. Obviously it will be very helpful to learn knowledge if one has good conditions, such a

51、s good environment, enough books and equipment and guidance and enlightenments from scholarly mentors and beneficial friends. However, even if these conditions are provided, it is not sure that one will have success in learning. There are many people making achievement in learning with no those cond

52、itions. The most important factor in learning lies in the individuals own endeavor. Learning is tough, and many people can not bear the hardship they must experience, so that they can not achieve success.19.单选题Egyptian authorities are trying to prevent their historical monuments from succumbing to t

53、he ravages of time.问题1选项A.standing byB.counting onC.yielding toD.holding up【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。“historical monuments 历史遗迹”与the ravages of time时间的摧残之间的关系是时间能摧残历史遗迹。句意：埃及政府正努力阻止历史遗迹（ ）时间的摧残。可推断出succumbing to是屈服的意思。stand by支持，袖手旁观；count on依赖，依靠；yield to屈服，让步；hold up举起，阻挡。故C项正确。20.单选题The natural disasters h

54、ave immeasurably （ ） the social and economic development of our country.问题1选项A.impressedB.affectedC.effectedD.interfered【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。impress“给予某人深刻印象”；affect“影响；感染；”; effect“产生; 达到目的”；interfere“冲突;介入”。句意：自然灾害会对我们国家的社会和经济产生不可估量的影响。由natural disasters可推知自然灾害会对经济和社会产生影响。故B项正确。21.单选题This problem shoul

55、d be discussed first, for it takes（ ）over all the other issues.问题1选项A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。take precedence优先，具有/获得优先权。句意：应该首先讨论这个问题，因为它优先于所有问题。prosperity繁荣，成功；presumption放肆，傲慢；probalility概率，几率。答案A。22.填空题How Marketers Target KidsA Kids represent an important

56、 demographic to marketers because they have their own purchasing power, they influence their parents buying decisions and they are the adult consumers of the future. Industry spending on advertising to children has exploded in the past decade, increasing from a mere $100 million in 1990 to more than

57、 $2 billion in 2000.B Parents today are willing to buy more for their kids because trends such as smaller family size, dual incomes and postponing children until later in life mean that families have more disposable income. As well, guilt can play a role in spending decisions as time-stressed parent

58、s substitute material goods for time spent with their kids. Here are some of the strategies marketers employ to target kids:Pester PowerC Todays kids have more autonomy and decision-making power within the family than in previous generations, so it follows that kids are vocal about what they want th

59、eir parents to buy. Pester power refers to childrens ability to nag their parents into purchasing items they may not otherwise buy. Marketing to children is all about creating pester power, because advertisers know what a powerful force it can be.D According to the 2001 marketing industry book Kidfl

60、uence, pestering or nagging can be divided into two categories“persistence” and importance. Persistence nagging （a plea that is repeated over and over again） is not as effective as the more sophisticate “importance nagging. This latter method appeals to parents desire to provide the best for their c