2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）试卷号71

1、住在富人区的她2022年考研考博-考博英语-北京大学考试名师押题精选卷I（带答案详解）（图片可根据实际调整大小）题型12345总分得分一.综合题(共50题)1.单选题Being born in the summer could give you a sunny disposition for life. And a winter birthday might cast a permanent shadow_your happiness, scientists believe.问题1选项A.throughB.crossC.beneathD.over【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。cast a p

2、ermanent shadow over“给投上阴影；使减弱”。句意：出生在夏天可以给你的生活一个阳光的性格。科学家们认为，冬季的生日可能会给你的幸福蒙上永久的阴影。因此选项D符合题意。2.单选题There are too many complaints about society having to move too fast to keep up with the machine.问题1选项A.that have toB.have toC.having toD.has to【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。空格前是一个完整的there be句子，不缺成分，因此排除B和D两个谓语动词形式。如选

3、择A选项，无法确认先行词会造成语意混乱，因此排除A选项。C选项的having to是以现在分词形式作为后置定语修饰前面的society。句意：有太多的人抱怨这个社会为了跟上机器而发展得太快。因此C选项符合题意。3.单选题（ ）only one moving soul in the center of all the orbits that is the sun which drives the planets the more vigorously the closer the planet is.问题1选项A.As existsB.Although existingC.There exist

4、sD.Where existing【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。C选项的there exist 是there be句型的变形。需认清句中关系词that 的先行词是one moving soul。因此C选项符合题意。4.单选题Love was in the air in a Tokyo park as normally staid Japanese husbands gathered to scream out their feelings for their wives, promising _ and extra tight hugs.问题1选项A.attitudeB.multitudeC

5、.gratitudeD.latitude【答案】C【解析】考查形近词辨析。attitude“态度，看法”；multitude“群众，多数”；gratitude“感激”；latitude“维度，界限”。句意：在东京的一个公园里，空气中弥漫着爱的气息。平时不苟言笑的日本丈夫们聚集在一起，大声表达他们对妻子的感情，表达感激之情，并给她们一个拥抱。选项中仅C选项与feelings相关，因此符合题意。5.单选题The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as children grow older. This goes against th

6、enotion that most people hold that as we age，environmental influences gradually overpower the geneticlegacy we are bom with and may have implications for education. “People assume the genetic influencegoes down with age because the environmental differences between people pile up in life,”says Rober

7、tPlomin. “What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.”Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team pooled data from six separate studies carried out in the

8、 US, the UK, Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins. In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetics to measure a quantity called general cognitive ability, or “G”. Each study also included both identical twins, with the same gene

9、s, and fraternal twins, sharing about half their genes, making it possible to distinguish the contributions of genes and environment to their G scores.Plomins team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variation inintelligence. In adolescence, this rose to 55 percen

10、t； by young adolescence, it was 66 percent. No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children getolder，they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs,and says “ Kids with high G will use their env

11、ironment to foster their cognitive ability and choose friendswho are like-minded. ” Children with medium to low G may choose less challenging pastimes andactivities, further emphasizing their genetic legacy.Is there any way to interfere with the pattern? Perhaps. “The evidence of strong heritability

12、 doesntmean at all that there is nothing you can do about it，” says Susanne Jaeggi，“From our own work, theones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training. Plomin suggests that genetic differences may be more emphasized if all children share an identical curriculum instead

13、of it being tailored to childrens natural abilities. “My inclination would be to give everyone a good education, but put more effort into the lower end,” he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompson agrees: “It shows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their natural talent

14、s.”1.What is the common notion that people hold about genes?2.The study by Plomins team aims to find out ( )3.From the experiment with twins, Plomins team draws a conclusion that( ) .4.The word “pattern” in paragraph four is closest in meaning to( ) .5.Which of the following might Plomins team least

15、 agree to?问题1选项A.Humans can do little to change the genetic differences between people.B.Genetic influence becomes stronger when people receive education.C.Genes contribute more to ones intelligence than environmental factors.D.Environmental factors lessen the influence of genes on ones intelligence

16、.问题2选项A.whether variations in intelligence are caused by genetic differencesB.how to overpower genetic factors with new educational approachesC.whether genetic contribution to ones intelligence varies with ageD.the relationship between environment and genes问题3选项A.genetic contribution increases when

17、one grows olderB.genetic influence decreases when age increasesC.environment has more impact on fraternal twins than identical twinsD.it remains a mystery how genes and environment co-influence people问题4选项A.cognitive abilityB.strong heritabilityC.genetic legacyD.challenging pastimes问题5选项A.An identic

18、al curriculum to school children.B.A differentiated course design to children with varied IQ.C.More effort directed at children with medium or low G.D.Education tailored to childrens natural abilities.【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节题。题干：人们对基因的普遍看法是什么？由第一段第二句中的“as we age，environmental influence

19、s gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are bom with and may have implications for education”可知大多数人认为，随着年龄增长，“environmental influence环境影响”将逐渐大于“genetic legacy基因遗传”。因此选项D符合题意。2.细节题。题干：Plomin的研究小组的目的是找出_。根据关键词“Plomins team”定位到第二段第二句，往前有“To find out whether this genetic contribution varies with age

20、”可知他们的目的是找出基因贡献是否随着年龄增长而增加。因此选项C符合题意。3.细节推理题。题干：从双胞胎的实验中，Plomin的团队得出了一个结论_。第二段最后提到了双胞胎实验，第三段开头讲到实验结论“Plomins team calculated that”，第三句中“No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age”可推出实验结论就是基因影响随着年龄的增长而增加。因此选项A符合题意。4.词义推测题。题干：第四段中的“pattern”最接近_。定位点在第四段第一句，因此答案需往前文第三段找。第三段中，Plom

21、in认为G较高的孩子会利用环境培养自己的认知能力并选择志同道合的朋友；而G较低的孩子可能会选择不那么有挑战的娱乐和活动，进而强化了他们的基因遗传。可知这里说的“pattern”就是孩子们认知能力的发展。因此选项A符合题意。5.细节题。题干：下面哪个选项可能是Plomin的团队最不同意的？由本文最后一段可知，Plomin的团队认为应该进行差异化教育，对于G中低等的孩子应投入更多精力。因此选项A符合题意。6.单选题The most interesting new cars may owe ( ) the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people a

22、nd allowing them to work.问题1选项A.less local free-spiritedness thanB.less local free-spiritedness than toC.to less local free-spiritedness than toD.less to local free-spiritedness than to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。owe to“归功于”是固定搭配，与比较级lessthan连用，应为owe less tothan to。句意：最有趣的新车与其说得益于当地的自由精神，还不如说是得益于一种简单的智慧，即雇佣几个能人

23、，并让他们为之工作。因此D选项符合题意。7.单选题The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety. Now it appears to create（ ）_.问题1选项A.boreB.boredC.boredomD.bordom【答案】C【解析】考查词语辨析。A、B、C个选项属于同根词。空格前是create动词，因此应填入名词。bore“孔；令人讨厌的人”；bored“无聊的；烦扰”，没有名词用法；boredom“厌倦；令人厌烦的事物”；bordom属于错词。句意：电子技术的影响最初是给人带来焦虑。现在它似乎在制造。因此C

24、选项符合题意。8.单选题The Collectors Edition coin is_, and represents a true collectors treasure to be appreciated for generations to come.问题1选项A.unlikely any Elvis Presley collectible ever releasedB.unlikely, and Elvis Presley collectible never releasedC.unlike any Elvis Presley collectible never releasedD.u

25、nlike any Elvis Presley collectible ever released【答案】D【解析】考查词义。句意：此款收藏版硬币，代表着一个真正的收藏家的珍品，其在未来将会升值。unlike“不同的；不相似的”；unlikely“不太可能的”，常出现于“it is unlikely that”。由句意判断，此枚硬币价值极高，不同于猫王发行的其他收藏品。因此D选项符合题意。9.单选题( )，wireless communications will increasingly become part of the fabric of everyday life.问题1选项A.In

26、years to comeB.Since coming yearsC.For years to comeD.Over coming years【答案】A【解析】考查短语辨析。In years to come“在未来的几年中”；since coming years无此表达方式；for years to come无此用法；over coming years无此用法。因此A选项符合题意。10.单选题Business and government managers often promote “clean desk” polities to avoid disorganized offices and

27、 messy desks，_boosting work efficiency and productivity.问题1选项A.for the purpose ofB.for good ofC.for purpose ofD.for the fun of【答案】A【解析】考查介词词组辨析。for the purpose of “为了目的”；B和C选项形式不正确；for the fun of“为了享受”。句意：企业和政府管理者经常推行“整洁的办公室”政策，以避免混乱的办公室和凌乱的桌子，提高工作效率和生产力。因此选项A符合题意。11.单选题The（） British theoretical phy

28、sicist Stephen Hawking once said in an interview that heaven is a fairy story for people afraid of the dark.问题1选项A.imposingB.loftyC.prominentD.eminent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。空格处应填入形容词修饰physicist。imposing“壮观的，威风的”；lofty“崇高的，高傲的”；prominent“突出的，显著的”；eminent“杰出的，有名的”。句意：英国杰出的理论物理学家斯蒂芬霍金曾在一次采访中说，天堂是为害怕黑暗的人准备的

29、童话故事。因此D选项符合题意。12.单选题It is not so much the language _ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.问题1选项A.butB.norC.asD.like【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。not so muchas“与其说是不如说是”。句意：与其说语言不如说是文化背景使这本书难以理解。因此C选项符合题意。13.单选题A Survey has found that three quarters of men quite enjoy their food sho

30、pping experience and are happy to_their way around the aisles searching out products.问题1选项A.driveB.steerC.navigateD.voyage【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析与搭配。drive“推动；驾驶；驱赶”；steer“控制；引导；驾驶”；navigate“操纵；导航；航行”；voyage “航行；渡过”。四个选项虽都与驾驶、航行有关，但其中只有navigate可与ones way around搭配。句意：一项调查发现，四分之三的男性非常享受他们的食品购物体验，他们很乐意推车购物车来回寻找

31、商品。因此C选项符合题意。14.单选题Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.问题1选项A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查词语辨析。句中用的是spend time doing。fantasize“幻想；做白日梦”；fascinate“使着迷；使神魂颠倒”；facilitate“促进；帮助”；fina

32、lize“完成；使结束”。句意：从事写作之前，我当了八年律师，幻想着有位声名显赫的父亲能够指引我方向，想象那样的生活是什么样子的。选项A符合题意。15.单选题Both versions of the myth 一 the West as a place of escape from society and the West as a stage on which the moral conflicts confronting society could be played out figured prominently in the histories and essays of young

33、Theodore Roosevelt，the paintings and sculptures of artist Frederic Remington, and the short stories and novels of writer Owen Wister. These three young members of the eastern establishment spent much time in the West in the 1880s, and each was intensely affected by the adventure. All three had felt

34、thwarted by the constraints and enervating influence of the genteel urban world in which they had grown up, and each went West to experience the physical challenges and moral simplicities extolled in the dime novels. When Roosevelt arrived in 1884 at the ranch he had purchased in the Dakota Badlands

35、, he at once bought a leather scouts uniform, complete with fringed sleeves and leggings.Each man also found in the West precisely what he was looking for. The frontier that Roosevelt glorified in such books as The Winning of the West (four volumes, 1889-1896), and that the prolific Remington portra

36、yed in his work, was a stark physical and moral environment that stripped away all social artifice and tested an individuals true ability and character. Drawing on a popular version of English scientist Charles Darwins evolutionary theory, which characterized life as a struggle in which only the fit

37、test and hast survived, Roosevelt and Remington exalted the disappearing frontier as the last outpost of an honest and true social order.This version of the frontier myth reached its apogee in Owen Wisters enormously popular novel The Virginian (1902)，later reincarnated as a 1929 Gary Cooper movie a

38、nd a 1960s television series. In Wisters tale the elemental, physical and social environment of the Great Plains produces individuals like his unnamed cowboy hero, “the Virginian”，an honest, strong, and compassionate man, quick to help the weak and fight the wicked. The Virginian is one of natures a

39、ristocrats ill-educated and unsophisticated but uptight, steady, and deeply moral. The Virginian sums up his own moral code in describing his view of Gods justice: “He plays a square game with us.” For Wister, as for Roosevelt and Remington, the cowboy was the Christian knight on the Plains, indiffe

40、rent to material gain as he held virtue, pursued justice, and attacked evil.Needless to say, the western myth in all its forms was far removed from the actual reality of the West. Critics delighted in pointing out that no one scene in The Virginian actually showed the hard physical labor of the catt

41、le range. The idealized version of the West also glossed over the darker underside of frontier expansion the brutalities of Indian warfare, the forced removal of the Indians to reservations, the racist discrimination against Mexican-Americans and blacks, the risks and perils of commercial agricultur

42、e and cattle growing, and the boom-and-bust mentality rooted in the selfish exploitation of natural resources.1.Which of the following is probably the main reason for the author to mention Theodore Roosevelt, Frederic Remington and Owen Wister?2.Which of the following statements best describes The V

43、irginian？3.According to the passage, which of the following statements regarding the myth of the West isNOT true?4.The authors primary purpose in writing the passage is （ ）5.What is probably the reason for people to make up a legendary West?问题1选项A.They glorified the frontier life.B.They were constra

44、ined by the genteel urban world.C.They spent much time in the West.D.They were famous members of the eastern establishment.问题2选项A.It is the best Western movie ever made in Hollywood.B.It is a popular novel written by Own Wister and Theodore Roosevelt.C.It gives an accurate depiction of the frontier

45、experience.D.It is one of the most successful books about the West.问题3选项A.In one idealized view, the West was a place one can escape from society and its pressures.B.In one version of the myth, western frontiersman was depicted as a figure deeply immersed insociety and its concerto.C.Some writers po

46、rtrayed the western wilderness as a simple and innocent society.D.The extreme hardship of the frontier life is one powerful theme of the legendary West.问题4选项A.to perpetuate the myth about the WestB.to introduce the famous writers and painters of the WestC.to distinguish the myth of the West and the

47、actual realityD.to present the brutalities of Indian warfare问题5选项A.They liked to make up stories.B.They believed what they portrayed were the actual reality.C.They clung to the myth of the West as an uncomplicated, untainted Eden of social simplicity, and moral clarity in an era of unsettling social

48、 transformation.D.They wanted to make profit by luring people to the West.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪一个可能是作者提到Theodore Roosevelt、Frederic Remington和Owen Wister的主要原因？由关键词定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，这三人都是传扬西部神话的作家和艺术家，他们的作品都对西部进行了美化。因此A选项符合题意。2.细节题。题干：下面哪个陈述最能描述弗吉尼亚人？The Virginian出现在第三段第一句。A选项的

49、best Western movie与原文“a 1929moive”不符合；文中没有提到Theodore Roosevelt与小说有关，所以排除B选项；C选项的the frontier experience与“the frontier myth”不符合，因此排除C选项。这本书成功塑造了西部神话，是最成功的关于西部的书之一，因此D选项符合题意。3.判断推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，下列哪个关于西方神话的陈述是不正确的？选项A对应本文第一段第一句“”；B选项对应第三段第二句；C选项对应第二段第二句；最后一段提到，弗吉尼亚人没有提到the extreme hardship，因此D是不对的。4.主旨题。

50、题干：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是_。全文讲述了西部神话的发展历程和成功，也说到了西部神话和西部现实之间的区别。不是介绍著名西部作家和艺术家，因此排除B选项。文章只有最后提到了部分D选项的内容，不能代表主旨。因此C选项符合题意。5.判断推理题。题干：人们为什么要组成一个传奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人们在西部找到了自己正在追寻的事物。在混乱的社会转型时代，西部被认为是纯粹且未受污染的伊甸园。因此C选项符合题意。16.填空题In Microsofts latest attempt to reach out to bloggers, the company recently gave away exp

51、ensive laptops loaded (1) _ its new Windows Vista operating system. But the gifts generated controversy as well as good (2) _, with some bloggers accusing Microsoft of bribery and their peers (3) _ unethical behavior.Several bloggers reported last week that they had received Acer Ferrari laptops, wh

52、ich can sell (4) _ more than $ 2,200, from Microsoft.A spokeswoman for Microsoft confirmed Friday that the (5) _ had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers (6) _ wrote about technology and other subjects that could be (7) _ by the new operating system, like photography and, oddly, parenting.But whi

53、le those on Microsofts mailing list initially greeted the machines with enthusiasm, many (8) _ bloggers soon objectednot because they had been left off the list but, they said, because bloggers are bound by the (9) _ rules as traditional journalists, who should not accept (10) _ gifts from companies

54、 they cover.Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER【答案】1. with2. will3. of4. for5. company6. who7. affected/influenced8. other9. same10. expensive【解析】1. 考查固定搭配。句意表示微软公司最近出售的便携电脑都装载新开发

55、的Windows Vista操作系统，表示装载时，load与with搭配。2. 考查语义。根据句意，The gifts体现了好意，也引起了争论。因此填入will，good will表示“善意”。3. 考查固定搭配。本句说到有些博客职责微软公司行贿，并列部分省略了“accusing”，表示还职责同行缺乏职业道德。表示职责时使用“accuse of”。4. 考查固定搭配。句中sell后面跟的是金额，说明卖了多少钱，此时使用固定搭配“sell for”。5. 考查语义。句中缺少的是宾语从句的主语。综合上下文，送出90台电脑给博主们的就是微软公司。此处只需填company即可。6. 考查语法知识。前半

56、句“the company had sent out about 90 computers to bloggers”，后半句的谓语动词“wrote about”说明正是这些被送电脑的博客们写了些东西。因此这里缺的是定语从句的引导词，而这个词要在从句中充当主语指代bloggers，应填入who。7. 考查语法知识。本句说的是“其他可能会受新操作系统的技术和对象”，根据语义可知应填入“影响”。并且此处为被动语态，应填入过去分词形式，affected或influenced都可以。8. 试题分析：句中提到，有些博主不接受赠予是因为博主和传统的记者一样受到条款的制约，而不是他们不再列表式。前文提到接受赠

57、予的额博主是在邮件列表上的，因此这些博主就用“other”修饰。9. 考查语义。这些博主与传统的记者受到的条款约束，此处应表示同样的。并且“sameas”表示“同样”的意思。因此填入same。10. 考查语义。根据上文提到电脑的售价，可知此处表示“他们不能接受他们所报道的公司的昂贵礼物”。因此填入expensive。17.单选题Only when faced with overwhelming evidence of being treated differently than the men who surrounded me（ ），briefly, with the notion that

58、 I was different in gender-related ways from my male colleagues.问题1选项A.that I dealtB.I dealtC.then I dealtD.did I deal【答案】D【解析】考查语法知识。only位于句首时，引导的句子为部分倒装结构。only后紧跟的是when引导的时间状语从句，因此使用正常语序，主句则需要倒装。D选项符合题意18.单选题The market for dust masks and air purifiers is（ ） in Beijing because the capital has been

59、shrouded for several days in thick fog and haze.问题1选项A.boomingB.loomingC.doomingD.zooming【答案】A【解析】考查形近词辨析。booming“兴旺的，繁荣的”；looming“隐隐约约的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空气净化器市场正在迅速发展，因为首都已经连续几天笼罩在浓雾之中。因此A选项符合题意。19.单选题Charles Darwins “On the Origin of Species” is credited with sparkin

60、g evolutions revolution in scientific thought, but many observers had pondered evolution before him. It was understanding the ideas significance and selling it to the public that made Darwin great, according to the Arnold arboretums new director.William Friedman, the Arnold Professor of Organism and