岩土工程专业英语

1、-. word.zl-. word.zl-岩土工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译综合类工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method 根底工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics 数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土 soil, earth土动力学soil 土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering 应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method变质岩metamorph

2、ic 标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial depositglacial deposit 残积土eluvial soil, residual 层理 beding长石 feldspar沉积岩sedimentary 承压水confined water次生矿物secondary 地质年代geological age地质图geological 地 下 水 groundwater 断层 fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological explorationmarine 海相沉积marine de

3、posit花岗岩granite 滑 坡 landslide 化石 fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock 阶地terrace节理 joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals 砾岩conglomerate流滑 flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation 泥石流mud flow, debris flow粘土矿物clay minerals 凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal 潜水 ground water侵入岩intrusive rock 取土器

4、geotome砂岩 sandstone砂嘴 spit, sand spit山岩压力rock 深 成 岩 plutonic rock 石灰岩limestone石英 quartz松散堆积物rickleconfined ground 泻湖 lagoon岩爆 rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock 岩脉 dike dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石构造texture of rock 岩体 rock mass页岩 shale原生矿物prim

5、ary 云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming 褶皱 fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section土的分类饱和土saturated 超固结土overconsolidated soil 冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele 非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive 粉土 silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay 高岭石kaolinite过压密土台overconsolidated soil 红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄 土 loess, huangt

6、u(China) 蒙 脱 石 montmorillonite 泥炭 peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil 膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil 欠固结粘土underconsolidated 区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle 砂土 sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess 素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone,

7、break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed stone, detritusunderconsolidated clay 无粘性土 cohesionless soil, frictional soil, soil岩 石 rock 伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush 淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil 杂填土miscellaneous 正常固结土normally consolidated soilnormally consolidated

8、自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess阿太堡界限Atterberg 饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight 比重 specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒构造single-grained structure 蜂窝构造honeyb structure干重度dry unit weight 干密度dry density塑性

9、指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数activity index 级配gradation, grading 结 合 水 bound water, bined water, held water 界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical position of soil可塑性plasticity 孔隙比void ratio 孔隙率porosity粒 度 granularity, graininess, grainage

10、 粒组 fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary 密度 density密实度pactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil 平 均 粒 径 mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure 湿陷系数coefficient of co

11、llapsibility 缩限 shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture 土的构造soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles 土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate cumularpharolith 限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative paction, pacting factor,percent paction, coefficient of pact

12、ion 絮状构造flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation 压缩性pressibility液限 liquid limit液性指数liquidity index free 有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight 重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic wate

13、r组构 fabric最大干密度maximum dry density 最优含水量optimum water content达西定律Darcy s 管涌 piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient 流函数flow function流 土 flowing soil 流 网 flow net砂沸 sand boil 渗流 seepage 渗 流 量 seepage discharge 渗流速度seepage velocity 渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of

14、permeability 渗透性permeability势 函 数 potential function 水力梯度hydraulic gradient变形deformation 变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution 剩余变形residual deformation剩余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure 超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 沉降 settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降seconda

15、ry consolidation settlement 次 固 结 系 数 coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula settlement calculation分层总和法layerwise summation method 负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure 附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规沉降计算法settlement calculation specificat

16、ion回弹变形rebound deformation 回弹模量modulus of resilience 回弹系数coefficient of resilience 回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀 dilatation角 点 法 corner-points method 孔隙气压力pore air pressure 孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A 孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B 明德林

17、解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark 切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settlement 瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation 弹性变形elastic deformation 弹性模量elastic modulus弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation p

18、ressure 压缩层pressed layer 压缩模量modulus of pressibility压缩系数coefficient of pressibility 压缩性pressibility压缩指数pression index 有效应力effective 自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength 最终沉降final settlement固结巴隆固结理论Barron s theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory 超固结比over-consolidation rat

19、io超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure 次固结secondary consolidation次压缩台secondary consolidation 单向度压密台one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation 固结consolidation固 结 度 degree of consolidation 固结理论theory of consolidation 固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of

20、 固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve 井径比drain spacing ratio 井阻well resistance曼代尔克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect 潜变台creep砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree consolidation of sand-drained ground时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s theory太沙基伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic

21、diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure consolidationdegree of 压缩曲线pression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation 有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力台preconsolidation pressure 原始压缩曲线virgin pression curve再压缩曲线repression curve 主固结primary 主压密台primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidati

22、on pressure K0 固结consolidation under K0 condition抗剪强度angle of repose 不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength 剩余摩擦角residual angle of internal friction 剩余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test 动 强 度 dynamic strength of soils 峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter 剪切应变速率shear s

23、train rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation 摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory 摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准那么failure cr

24、iterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined pression strength 有效摩擦角effective angle of internal friction 有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress 真摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总

25、应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope 总 应 力 强 度 参 数 total stress strength parameter本构模型本构模型constitutive 边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic 超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克普拉格准那么Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic

26、 model 割线模量secant modulus广义米赛斯屈服准那么extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准那么extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening 加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law 剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model 拉特邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model 拉特屈服准那么Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic mod

27、el临界状态弹塑性模型critical state model流变学模型rheological 流动规那么flow rule摩尔库仑屈服准那么Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic 蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic 切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic 屈服面yield surface珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin sh

28、ear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元中井屈服准那么Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplasticmodulus matrix弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model弹性变形elastic deformation 弹性模量elastic modulus弹性模型elastic model汝龙Kh

29、oslaWu 模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation 修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model 准弹性模型hypoelastic model冲剪破坏punching failure次层台substratum地 基 subgrade, ground, foundationsoil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation 地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capac

30、ity foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil 汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibriumCalifornia Bearing 局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory

31、斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula整体剪切破坏general shear failure被动土压力passive earth pressure 被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium 静止土压力earth pressure at

32、rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressure at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium 土压力earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressureangle of 分析

33、毕肖普法Bishop method分析边坡稳定平安系数safety factor of slope 分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method slices分析库尔曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圆法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height vertical slope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle 分析斯宾赛法Spencer method分析泰勒

34、法Taylor 分析条分法slice method 分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis 分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability分析休止角angle of repose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slicemethod分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis比阻尼容量specific capacity波的弥散特性dispersion of wav

35、es 波速法wave velocity method材料阻尼material damping 初始液化initial 地基固有周期natural period of soil site动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils 动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq动力放大因素dynamic magnification 动力性质dynamic properties of soils动强度dynamic strength of soils 骨 架 波 akeleton waves in soils 几何阻尼geometric da

36、mping 抗液化强度liquefaction stress 孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil 损耗角loss angle往返活动性reciprocating activity无量纲频率dimensionless frequency 液化 liquefaction液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential 液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction应力波stress waves in 振 陷 dynamic settlement 阻尼 damping of soil阻尼比damping ratio挡土墙retaini

37、ng wall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stability retaining wall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wallcounterfort retaining 根底墙foundation wall加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining 锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining 悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile w

38、all 重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall物板桩sheet pile 物板桩构造sheet pile structure 物钢板桩steel sheet pile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete pile物钢桩steel pile物灌注桩cast-in-place 物拉杆tie rod物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall 物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩wooden sheet pile 物木桩timber piles物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall板桩围护pil

39、e-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage 管涌 piping基底隆起heave of base 基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit 基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method 井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸 sand boiling深井点dee

40、p well point真空井点vacuum well point 支撑围护braced cuts补偿性根底pensated foundation 持力层bearing stratum次层台substratum单独根底individual footing 倒梁法inverted beam 刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation刚性根底rigid foundation高杯口根底根底埋置深度embeded depth foundation基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction 基底附加应力net

41、foundation pressure 穿插条形根底cross strip footing接触压力contact pressure静定分析法浅根底static analysis (shallow foundation)壳体根底shell foundation 扩展根底spread footing 片筏根底mat foundation 浅根底shallow foundation墙下条形根底热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性根底flexible foundation上部构造根底土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis

42、弹性地基梁板分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation条形根底strip 下卧层substratum箱形根底box foundation贝诺托灌注桩Benoto pile波动方程分析Wave equation analysis 场铸桩台)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉井根底open-end caisson foundation沉箱根底box caisson foundation 成孔灌注同步桩synchronous 承台 pile caps充盈系数f

43、ullness coefficient单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile 单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile低桩承台low pile

44、cap地下连续墙diaphgram wall end-bearing 动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula 端承桩end-bearing pile法兰基灌注桩Franki pile负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles钢桩 steel pile高桩承台high-rise pile cap 灌注桩cast-in-place pile横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles 护壁泥浆slurry coat method回转钻

45、孔灌注桩rotatory boring pile静力压桩silent piling 抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile 摩擦桩friction pile 木桩timber piles嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock 群桩 pile groups群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效应efficiency of pile groups群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate capacity of pile groups深根底deep foundation竖直群桩横向极限承载力无桩靴夯扩灌注桩

46、 rammed bulb ile桩 piles桩基动测技术dynamic pile test钻孔墩根底drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored 钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile最后贯入度final set表层压密法surface 超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting 电渗法electro-os

47、motic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement 短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep method复合地基posite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile 高压喷射注浆法jet grouting灌浆材料injection material 灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification 夯实桩pacting pile化学灌浆chemical

48、grouting 换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆paction grouting挤密桩paction pile, pacted column 挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement 加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method 降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating 锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor p

49、ile 排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting 浅层处理shallow treatment 强夯法dynamic paction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure 褥垫 pillow软土地基soft clay ground 砂井 sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree consolidation of sand-drained ground砂桩 sand column山区地

50、基处理foundation treatment mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method 渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method 石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio 水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting 塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile

51、, stone pillar 天然地基natural foundation 土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile 土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique 外掺剂additive旋喷 jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting 预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading 振冲法vibroflotation 振冲密实法vibro-paction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column 振冲置换法vibro-re

52、placement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, pacting 置换率复合地基replacement ratio 重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile 桩土应力比stress ratio比阻尼容量specific capacity等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test地基固有周期natural period of soil site 动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力放大因素dynamic magnification 隔振 isolation根底振动foundatio

53、n vibration根底振动半空间理论elastic half-space of foundation vibration根底振动容许振幅allowable amplitude foundation vibration根底自振频率natural frequency of foundation 集总参数法lumped parameter method吸收系数absorption coefficient 质量弹簧阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system地基固有周期period of soil site地震earthquake, seism, temblor地震持续时间dur

54、ation of earthquake地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even stress of earthquake地震反响谱earthquake response spectrum 地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude地震卓越周期seismic predominant period 地震最大加速度maximum acceleration earthquake动力放大因数dynamic magnification 对数递减率logrithmic decrement刚性系数coefficient of rigidity 吸收

55、系数absorption coefficient比重试验specific gravity test 变水头渗透试验falling head permeability 不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test常规固结试验routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验constant head test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test等速加荷固结试验constant loading consolidation test等梯度固结试验constant gra

56、dient consolidation test等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test 反压饱和法back pressure saturation method高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test 各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test共振柱试验resonant column test固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test 固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test 环剪试验ring shear test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test 界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test 卡萨