外研版高中英语必修三Module4Grammar

1、外研版高中英语必修三Module4Grammar外研版高中英语必修三Module4GrammarModule 4 Sandstorms in AsiaGrammar动词不定式和but+动词不定式Module 4 Sandstorms in Asia【探究寻规】请说出下面句子中的不定式所作的成分。1. Scientists have tried many ways to solve this problem and in China, a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. （）2. To have been caught in a

2、sandstorm was a terrible experience. （）3. There was nothing to be done. （）to solve this problem和to help solve it作目的状语To have been caught in a sandstorm作主语to be done作定语【探究寻规】to solve this problem和to4. The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it

3、difficult to see.（）5. When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. （）6. Its difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill. （）7. To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. （）to see作宾语not to go out作宾语补足语to breathe作主语To prevent it coming nearer

4、作目的状语4. The storms sometimes contin【语法精点】一、基础点拨1. 动词不定式的时态和语态。时态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing /完成进行式 to have been doing /【语法精点】时态主动语态被动语态一般式to do to （1）若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后，不定式用一般式。*I hope that Ill see you again. I hope to see you again.我希望再见到你。（2）

5、若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生，并强调动作正在进行或持续进行，不定式用进行式。*I am very glad to be working with you.我很高兴和你一起工作。 （1）若不定式的动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生 （3）若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或强调动作已经发生，不定式用完成式。*I am sorry to have cheated you. 很抱歉，我欺骗了你。【名师点津】当不定式的逻辑主语与不定式是被动关系时，不定式 一般用被动式。The novel is said tohave been translated into several languages. 据说这部

6、小说已被译成了好几种 语言。动词不定式的否定式是在to前面加not，即not to do。 （3）若不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前或强调动作2. 不定式在句中的作用。 （1）作主语。 *To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get.爱与被爱是一个人能获得的最大幸福。【名师点津】在很多情况下，通常用it作为形式上的主语，而把不定 式移到谓语之后，使句子结构显得平稳一些。Its rude to turn your back to your teacher and refuse to answer. 背对着老师，拒绝回答问

7、题是不礼貌的。2. 不定式在句中的作用。 （2）作表语。 *My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。 （3）作宾语。 *I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 （2）作表语。【巧学助记】巧记用动词不定式作宾语的动词三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide不要假装在选择：p

8、retend, choose【巧学助记】 （4）作宾语补足语。 *Father will not allow us to play in the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。【名师点津】（1）在 “一感(feel)二听(hear, listen to)三 让(let, have, make)四看(observe, see, watch, look at)” 等 动词（短语）后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to, 但 当以上动词用于被动语态时要带to。 （2）help后跟作宾语补足语的动词不定式时，动词不定 式可带to也可不带to，即help sb. (to)dosth. 。 （4）作

9、宾语补足语。 （3）在feel, find, make, think, consider等动词后，如 果宾语带有宾语补足语，人们常常用it作形式宾语，而 把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。例如：I found it possible to work out the problem without a computer. 我发现有可能不用计算机而解出这道题目。 （3）在feel, find, make, （5）作定语。 *He is the man to believe in. 他是值得信任的人。*Liu Yang was the first woman astronaut to be sent

10、into space in China. 在中国，刘洋是第一位飞上太空的女航天员。（6）作状语。 *She reads China Daily every day to improve her English. 为了提高英语，她每天读中国日报。（动词不定式作目的状语，此时相当于in order to 或so as to。so as to不能位于句首）*He is too weak to do the work. 他身体太弱了不能做这项工作。 （5）作定语。【名师点津】（1） “too. . . to. . . “ 结构常表示 “太而不能” ，但too之前如果有only, 此时不定式表肯定。因

11、为only too 表示 “非常，很” 。(2)too后如果是happy, glad之类的形容词时，不定式也 表肯定意义。(3) “形容词/副词enough不定式” 结构中，动词不定 式也表示结果。(4)动词不定式还可表示意外的结果。【名师点津】（1） “too. . . to. . . “ *They are only too lucky to go abroad for a visit. 他们很幸运去国外访问。 *She was too happy to meet her old friend in the street.在街上见到她的老朋友她很高兴。*He hurried to see

12、his girlfriend, only to find she had left.他匆忙去见他的女朋友，结果却发现她已经离开了。3. 疑问词+不定式结构。疑问词who，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。它在句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。例如: *When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。(主语) *They are only too luc *The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困难在于如何过河。(表语) *I can tell you wh

13、ere to get this book.我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。（宾语）4. but+动词不定式。 （1）用于cannot but，cannot choose but，cannot help but等短语后，其不定式通常不带to。这些短语相当于have to。 *When a good friend dies, you cannot but feel sad. 当好朋友去世时，你怎能不感到悲伤。*I couldnt choose but speak the truth. 我不能不说真话。*When it rains, you cannot help but get your shoes

14、 wet. 下雨天，你的鞋子岂能不湿。 *The difficulty was ho （2）当but（表示 “除之外” ）前有实义动词do的某种形式时，其后的不定式通常不带to。其他情况下不定式通常都要带to。 *Ill do anything for you but set you free. 我可以替你做任何事，但不能把你释放。*There was nothing to do but wait till he came back.没什么事可干了，除了等他回来。 *They had no choice but to obey. 他们别无选择，只能服从。 （2）当but（表示 “除之外” ）前

15、有实义 二、难点突破不定式主动形式表被动含义的情况：1. 不定式作形容词的状语，与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时。*The book is difficult to understand. 这本书太难，看不懂。 *The river has been polluted and the water is not fit to drink. 这条河被污染了，水不能喝了。 二、难点突破2. 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，但和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 *I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。 *Do you have anyt

16、hing to say?你有什么要说的吗？3. to let, to blame作表语时。 *They think that more than one person may be to blame for the big fire. 他们认为这场大火可能不止一人负有责任。2. 不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾【高考体验】动词不定式做题步骤：1. 分析句子缺少哪种成分；2. 根据题干猜测句子所要表达的意思；3. 根据题支确定本题所考查的非谓语动词形式；4. 确定符合句意的选项。【高考体验】1. （2013四川高考）The airport_next year will he

17、lp promote tourism in this area. A. being completed B. to be completedC. completed D. having been completed解题关键：时间状语next year思路分析：选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：明年将要完工的机场会有助于促进这一地区的旅游业发展。A项表示正在进行的被动；B项表示将来的被动；C项和D项表示完成的被动。根据时间状语next year可知表示将要被完成，故选B项。1. （2013四川高考）The airport_2. （2013山东高考）I stopped the car_ a short

18、break as I was feeling tired. A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken解题关键：原因状语从句I was feeling tired思路分析：选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我感到累了，因此停下车休息一小会儿。to do 不定式在句中作目的状语。所以选C。2. （2013山东高考）I stopped the ca3. （2012重庆高考）Were having a meeting in half an hour. The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our

19、 company. A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made解题关键：时态是一般将来时以及decision与make之间的关系3. （2012重庆高考）Were having a m思路分析：选A。句意：我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这个决定将会影响我们公司的未来。由句意可知, 非谓语动词作decision的定语。make和decision之间是被动关系, 且是将来发生的动作, 应用不定式的被动形式。to be made表被动和将来; being made表被动和进行; made表被动和完成; having been

20、made表被动和完成, 但一般不作定语。故选A。思路分析：选A。句意：我们半小时之后要开个会。在会上要做的这4. （2012全国卷）The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _ anything that happened to be on. A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched解题关键：不定式位于形容词后作状语的用法思路分析：选A。句意：这位老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看着正在发生的一切。happy为形容词, 此处作伴随状语, 表示

21、老人的心态; 做该题时, 需想到的是be happy to do sth. 。此时的不定式不能用to have done sth. , 因为 “看” 不是一个先发生的动作; 该题易误选watching, 但是, 如用watching作伴随状语, 必须把happy改为happily, 用来修饰watching。4. （2012全国卷）The old man sat5. （2012北京高考）Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away. A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay解题关键：找

22、准不定式作定语所修饰的词思路分析：选A。句意：有时候鸟叫声是一种让其他鸟离开的警告。to stay away是不定式短语作warning的定语。易错误区: 一般情况下, 作定语的非谓语动词紧跟在所修饰词的后面, 所以会误以为本题中stay away修饰other birds, 就会误选成B项staying。5. （2012北京高考）Birds singing i6. （2012辽宁高考）This machine is very easy _ . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operati

23、ngC. operated D. to operate解题关键：不定式的主动形式表被动思路分析：选D。句意：这台机器很容易操作, 任何人在几分钟之内都能学会使用它。在 “be+性质形容词+不定式” 结构中, 应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。常见的此类形容词有easy, hard, difficult, interesting, heavy, pleasant, comfortable, safe, dangerous, impossible等, 该类形容词说明的是不定式的性质。6. （2012辽宁高考）This machine is 易错误区: 当动词不定式修饰作表语的形容词时一般要用不定式

24、的主动形式表示被动意义。此时不能用不定式的被动形式。 易错误区: .单项填空1. （2013咸阳高一检测）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _ an even greater challenge. A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果接受了这项工作, 他就别无选择只会遇到更大的挑战。have no choice but to+动词原形, 不得不做某事，固定结构。所以D项符合题意。.单项填空2. （2013潍坊高一检测）The governmen

25、t officer said China should bring in more high technology _ our competitive power. A. improving B. to be improved C. to improve D. improve【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：那个政府官员说中国应该引进更多的高科技来提升我们的竞争力。根据句意可知bring in more high technology的目的是提升竞争力，故用不定式to improve表示目的，其他三项均不符合句意。故选C。2. （2013潍坊高一检测）The government【变式训练】

26、（2013西宁高一检测） _ the working efficiency, the boss allows the employees to have a coffee break. AImproving BTo improveCHaving improved DImproved【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：为了提高工作效率，老板允许员工们休息一下喝杯咖啡。to do不定式表示目的。【变式训练】The old lady got up just before sunrise, as she often does, _ along the beach and get some fresh

27、air. A. walked B. to walkC. walking D. having walked【解析】选B。考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：那位老太太和往常一样在日出之前就起床了，为的是沿着海岸散散步呼吸一下新鲜的空气。The old lady got up just befo3. With so many things _ , I have to work late into the night. Ato deal with Bdealt with Cdealing with Dbeing dealt with【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：很多事情有待于处理，我得工作到深夜。

28、由空格后的部分可以看出， “so many things” 很多事情还没有处理，所以用不定式表示将来。3. With so many things _【变式训练】With so many problems _ , Jack looks like a cat on a hot tin roof. A. solved B. to solve C. solving D. to be solved【解析】选B。考查动词不定式。句意：有如此多的问题要处理，杰克急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。该题的关键是对俗语 “a cat on a hot tin roof（像热锅上的蚂蚁一样）” 的理解。既然是像热锅上的蚂蚁一样

29、，这说明很多问题有待于解决，所以用不定式作宾语补足语，在该结构中相当于省略了for sb. ，故选B。【变式训练】4. If you are the last student _ the room, remember to turn off the lights. A. leaving B. to leave C. left D. leaves【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你最后一个离开教室，请记住关灯。 “the + 序数词 +名词+ to do sth. ” 为固定用法，意为：第干的人。4. If you are the last studen5. （2013宝鸡高一检测）Sud

30、denly an idea flashed into her mind and she wanted to put it down immediately, but she couldnt find any paper _ . Awriting on Bto write Cwriting Dto write on【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：突然一个想法闪现在她的脑海中，她想立即把它写下来，但是她找不到任何纸张来写。表示的是将要发生的动作，所以用动词不定式，此外，write为不及物动词，表示在纸上 “写” ，用介词on。5. （2013宝鸡高一检测）Suddenly an id6. （2

31、013杭州高一检测） _ how mirrors produce images, we need to know what light does. A. Understanding B. Understood C. To understand D. Having understood【解析】选C。考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：要想理解镜子的成像原理，我们需要知道光的作用。此处是不定式短语作目的状语。6. （2013杭州高一检测） _ how mi7. （2013南昌高一检测）So much work needs doing this year, but the one _ immediate

32、ly is collecting money for the orphans. Adone Bto be done Cdoing Dbeing done【解析】选B。考查不定式的用法。句意：今年有很多事情要做，而需要马上做的一件事就是为这些孤儿们筹集善款。表示将要做的事情，要用动词不定式作定语；done表示已经做完，being done表示某事正在被做。7. （2013南昌高一检测）So much work n8. I regret _ you John has been fired. I can hardly believe my ears. Hes such a fine worker.

33、A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：我遗憾地告诉你约翰已经被解雇了。我几乎不能相信我的耳朵。他是一个如此好的工人。regret to tell意为 “遗憾地告诉” ，符合语境。regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到后悔。8. I regret _ you John 9. I feel greatly honored _ to make a speech in your school. A. to invite B. invitingC. to be invited D. invi

34、ted【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意：被邀请到贵校做报告，我感到非常荣幸。由invite与其逻辑主语I为动宾关系，可排除A和B，又因feel honored to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸，可排除D，故选C。9. I feel greatly honored _10. Traveling can broaden our view and it can make us _ after a long period of studying or working. A. feeling relaxed B. feeling relaxingC. feel relaxing D. feel r

35、elaxed【解析】选D。句意：旅游可以拓宽我们的视野，使我们在长时间的学习或工作后轻松一下。make 为使役动词，后面跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，排除A和B；feel为系动词，后跟形容词作表语。relaxing “令人轻松的” ；relaxed “(人感到)轻松的” ，故选D。10. Traveling can broaden our11. The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to have heardC. hearing D. being he

36、ard【解析】选A。句意：吃饭时孩子们说话声音很大，因此我不得不努力让别人听到我说话。struggle to do sth. “努力去做某事” ；hear与I是动宾关系，故不定式用被动式。11. The children talked so lo12. He is said _ in the United States for three years. No wonder he speaks English so well. A. to have stayed B. to stayC. having stayed D. staying【解析】选A。句意：据说他在美国待了三年。难怪他的英语说得这

37、么好。be said 后接动词不定式形式。根据句意，不定式所表示的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，所以应用 to have stayed。12. He is said _ in the13. What else do we need for this trip besides food to eat and special clothes to wear?A tent _ in. Asleep BsleepingCto sleep Dslept【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：除了吃的食物和穿的特殊衣服外，这次旅行我们还需要别的什么？一顶用来休息的帐篷。此处表示未来的动作，故需用不定式作后置定语，此处不定式短语to sleep in和它所修饰的名词tent之间为动宾关系。13. What else do we need for 【变式训练】Well, a soup, a salad, and anything _ ， sir?An apple pie, please. Afollows Bto followCfollowed Dfollowing【解析】选B。句意：好的，一份汤，一份沙