lecture4英国人的性格英国节日英国与课件

1、Lecture 4 (Part One)The English CharacterLecture 4 (Part One)The EnglisEnglish Characteristics (1)To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, is reserve.A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and

2、 seldom gets excited. It is difficult to get to know a reserved person; he never tells you anything about himself, where he lives, how many children he has & what his interests are. English Characteristics (1)To Reasons for the English Reserve(1)It is believed that the English reserve has much to do

3、 with the weather in England. The meteorological conditions are special and the weather is changeable & unpredictable. Reasons for the English ReservIn England, it is said that one can experience 4 seasons in the course of a single day. The uncertainty about the weather has had a definite effect upo

4、n the Englishmans character. It tends to make him careful cautious & restrained. The English weather has also helped to make the Englishman adaptable. In England, it is said that onReasons for the English Reserve(2)Other people think that the English reserve has something to do with the fact that Br

5、itain is an island that is separated/isolated from the European Continent. The isolation has contributed to the cautious nature of the British people. They tend to be very shy, reserved and easily embarrassed. They are not outgoing. Therefore, people from other parts of the world may think them not

6、easy to get along with.Reasons for the English ReservEnglish Characteristics (2)Closely related to English reserve is English modesty. Within their heart, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. English Ch

7、aracteristics (2)CloSelf-praise is felt to be ill-bred. Self-depreciation is typically English, & mixed with their reserve, it often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand & even irritating.Self-praise is felt to be ill-English C

8、haracteristics (3)The famous English sense of humor is similar. Its starting-point is self-depreciation & its great enemy is conceit. Its ideal is the ability to laugh at oneself-at ones own faults, ones own failures & embarrassments, even at ones own ideals. English Characteristics (3)TheThe Englis

9、h do not laugh at a cripple or a madman, a tragedy or an honorable failure. Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.The English do not laugh at a English Characteristics (4)Since reserve, a show of modesty & a sense of humor are part of his own nature, the typ

10、ical Englishman tends to expect them in others. He secretly looks down on more excitable nations & likes to think of himself as more reliable. He distrusts exaggerated promises & shows of affection & is even more distrustful of any kind of self-praise.English Characteristics (4)SinEnglish Characteri

11、stics (5)Finally sportsmanship. It is an English ideal that not all Englishmen live up to. It must be realized that sport in its modern form is almost entirely a British invention. Boxing, rugby, association football, hockey, tennis & cricket were all first organized & given rules in Britain. Rules

12、are the essence of sport & sportsman-ship is the ability to practice a sport in obedience to its rules. In Britain they are highly valued.English Characteristics (5)FinSportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. One of the most elementary rules of life is never hit a man when hes down-i

13、n other words, never take advantage of a mans misfortune. (fair play, playing fair)Sportsmanship as an ideal is aPoliteness in Britain (1)British habits of politeness are on the whole very informal. There are no complicated greetings. e.g. A simple good morning or a cheery wave of the hand across th

14、e street is quite satisfactory.Handshakes are only exchanged on a first introduction or on special occasions or as a token of agreement or congratulation.Politeness in Britain (1)BritiExcuse me is used as an advance apology for troubling somebody.Sorry expresses regret for an accidental disturbance

15、or breach of manners.Excuse me is used as an advaPoliteness in Britain (2)Politeness towards women is less observed today than it used to be. It is still considered polite to give up ones seat to a woman who is standing, to open doors for her, to help her on & off with the coat, to help her alight f

16、rom the bus, to allow her to exit from the elevators first, to carry things for her, to protect her from the traffic, & so on. The maxim Lady first is well known.Politeness in Britain (2)PolitThe same principle applies to old people. They are respected because they are felt to be in need of protecti

17、on & support.The same principle applies to (Part Two) Culture of England英国文化 (Part Two) Culture of EnglanAbstractEnglands greatest artistic contributions have come in the fields of theatre, literature and architecture. Although there is not an equivalent tradition in painting and sculpture, England

18、is a treasure house of masterpieces from every age and continent thanks to its rapacious （强夺的） past. AbstractEnglands greatest artCastles and CathedralsMost visitors are overwhelmed by the stately homes of the aristocracy, and Englands fine collection of castles and cathedrals. Unfortunately, this s

19、ignificant architectural heritage has failed to lead to anything more inspiring in the 20th century than motorways, high-rise housing and tawdry （廉价而俗丽的） suburban development. Castles and CathedralsMost visEnglish literatureAnyone who has studied English literature at school will remember plowing （用

20、犁耕田） through Chaucer, Shakespeare, Dickens and Morrissey, and painful though it might have been at the time, no-one can deny Englands formidable （巨大的）contribution to the Western literary canon （圣典）. English literatureAnyone who hThe English LanguagePerhaps Englands greatest cultural export has been

21、the English language, the current lingua franca of the international community. There are astonishing regional variations in accents, and it is not unusual to find those in southern England claiming to need an interpreter to speak to anyone living north of Oxford. The English LanguagePerhaps EnRelig

22、ious BeliefsThe majority of English who profess religious beliefs belong to the Church of England, which became independent of Rome in the 16th century. Other significant protestant churches include Methodist, Baptist and the Salvation Army. One in 10 Britons consider themselves Catholic, and there

23、are now over a million Muslims and sizeable Hindu and Sikh populations. Religious BeliefsThe majority ChurchesDespite this variety of religions, most English are fonder of their churches as architectural icons （图标） of Grandeur （庄严，伟大，壮丽） and stability than as houses of religious piety. ChurchesDespi

24、te this variety o English FoodPerhaps the least appealing aspect of English culture is the food, which is stodgy （易吃饱的，塞满的）, uninspiring and expensive. Although London is experiencing a renaissance （复兴） in quality, creative cuisine (烹调风格), travelers in the provinces or those on a budget should be pr

25、epared for uninventive, overcooked meat-and-two-veg and an assortment of fish n chips, eggs and bacon, and smashed potatoes and sausages. English FoodPerhaps the leastLecture 4 (Part Three)Major UK HolidaysLecture 4 (Part Three)Major UKMajor UK Holidays(1)New Year Day （元旦） January 1stGood Friday耶稣受难

26、日 March/April the Friday before Easter DayEaster Day 复活节 April the first Sunday a month after March 21 May Day Holiday五朔节 May 1st Mothers Day the second Sunday of MayOfficial Birthday英王官方诞辰 the second Saturday of June Major UK Holidays(1)New Year DMajor UK Holidays(2)Fathers Day the third Sunday of

27、JuneHolloween October 31All Saints Day November 1Remembrance Sunday（停战纪念日） the Sunday prior to December 11Thanksgiving Day the last Thursday of NovemberChristmas Day December 25thBoxing Day 节礼日 December 26thMajor UK Holidays(2)Fathers DMajor UK Holidays(2)New Years Day, May Day & the Summer holiday

28、are sometimes known as Bank Holiday. Originally they were given as additional days off work when the banks also closed down.Major UK Holidays(2)New YearsLecture 4 (Part Four)Britain & the WorldLecture 4 (Part Four)Britain &The CommonwealthThe modern Commonwealth is a voluntary, free association of 5

29、0 independent sovereign states each responsible for its own policies but co-operating together in their common interests & promoting international understanding. It began in the early 20th century when the older colonies of Britain became independent. The aim of the Commonwealth originally was to pr

30、eserve & spread democratic principles in countries in different continents, across racial boundaries & provide a global network of alliances among democratic states.The CommonwealthThe modern ComMembers of the CommonwealthAntigua & Barbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Botswana,

31、 Britain, Brunei, Canada, Cyprus, Dominica, The Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, Guyana, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lesotho, Malawi, Malaysia, The Maldives, Malta, Mauritius, Namibia, Nauru, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, St Christopher & Nevis, Saint Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadin

32、es, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Tanzania, Tonga, Trinidad & Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, Vanuatu, Western Samoa, Zambia, Zimbabwe.Members of the CommonwealthAntCommonwealth CountriesThe above underlined countries have Queen Elizabeth as Head of State. The o

33、ther countries are republics.The Queen has an important role as the symbol of Commonwealth unity.“The Commonwealth bears no resemblance to the empires of the past. It is an entirely new conception built on the highest qualities of the spirit of man; friendship, loyalty & the desire for freedom & pea

34、ce.” (Queen Elizabeth II, Radio Broadcast, Christmas 1953)Commonwealth CountriesThe abovRelations with Europe: the European CommunityIt was founded in 1958, when 6 countries signed the Treaty of Rome, their primary concern being to restore their economies which had suffered the aftermath of the 2 world wars in Europe.Further integration, particularly regarding economic aspects, were achieved with the ratification of the Single European Act in 1986.Relations with Europe: the EuThe Aims of the ECTo reduce & remove restri