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1、【经典资料,文档,可编写改正】【经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,文档,可改正】2015年职称英语理工A考试一试题第一部分:词汇选项(第115题,每题1分,共15分)下边共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后边所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最邻近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的地点上。Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDacceptedHetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.Itisnous
2、edebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpectingOurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsellThefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolumeOurlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDcloselyHerfaith
3、upheldherintimesofsadness.AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountryshistory.AcleanBperfectCrealDbriefItislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2oclock.Abe
4、ganBcontinuedCendedDresumed11.Redflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.AsignBsubstituteCproofDtargetHoweverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangryIthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.AlimitBcontrolCreplace
5、DoffsetThesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第2部分:阅读判断(第1622题,每题1分,共7分)阅读下边这篇短文,短文后列出了7个句子,请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句供给的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A
6、涂黑;假如该句供给的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑;假如该句的信息文章中没有说起,请在答题卡上把C涂黑。ADolphinandanAstronomerOnedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeofoneofthetankswheres
7、everalofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehimandhadturnedonhisback.ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjustliketheword
8、“more”.Theastonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.neofOthe,yeswords.Thathesoknows,thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,these
9、soundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.ButcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavealanguagtherealsenseofthewordScientistsdontagreeonthis.Al
10、anguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructureandexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary”and“WhodoesMarylove”meanverydiffethings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesntcointhequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolspeak”cantbeanswer
11、eduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirmeaning.16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Partsofthed
12、olphinsbrainareparticularlywelldevelopedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.ARigh
13、tBWrongCNotmentioned22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分:归纳粗心与达成句子(第2330题,每题1分,共8分)阅读下边这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别达成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的地点上。TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeenta
14、kingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalledaout.calorimeter)isonewayto(find热量丈量室1Thesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimply“ChamberOne”and“ChamberTwo”arethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidethese
15、roomsanothersignreads“Please-workdoinotprogrenterss”andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespen
16、tvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholearea
17、ofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenext8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereat
18、ing,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.“Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,”saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfa
19、nhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidntgotoofast.5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-
20、proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinsideBWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperimentCWhatisacalorimeterDWhatisthefirstimpressionEHowdothevolunteerskillthetimeFWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments23Paragraph1_24Paragraph1_25Paragr
21、aph1_26Paragraph1_27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_.28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_.29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_.30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_.AthevolunteersdoBbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblemCbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboringDma
22、kepeopleovereatEbecauseshewasherownbossFafterpassingahigh-proteintest第4部分:阅读理解(第3145题,每题3分,共45分)下边有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后边有4个选项。请依据文章的内容,从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最正确答案,涂在答题卡相应的地点上。第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.
23、Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversitysSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiolo
24、gicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(阻碍生长tropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼
25、泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(浸透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsth
26、emfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplantsstartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,buti
27、twilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfood
28、inthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrueATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.BTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwifeDTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygene
29、sthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassageANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DE
30、vaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectispositivenegative.suspiciousindifferent.第二篇LivingwithComputerAftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.MyboyfriendsLiverpud
31、iasuddenlybecomeshardtounderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretaryseemsmorerejectingthanIdimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluidhoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasap
32、roducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-commuter(远程谈话者).IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-mailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andma
33、nagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheblizzard(狂风雪)of96on.TVButafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughImachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanothernode(节点)ontheNe
34、t.Othersonlineopponentsworstnightmare.Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeanavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction(网上沟通),comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.Attimes,Iturnonthetel
35、evisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatIdneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe(宽慰)me,butthenI不快)bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orcompulsively(强迫性地)needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather.“Dateline,”“Frontline,”“Nigeverypossibleangleofeverystoryo
36、verandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmoversfromforegroundtobackground.36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentisobscure.distinct.unreal.misleading.37ThepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriendliveinEngland.differentcountries.thesamecity.thesamecountry.38Livin
37、galoneinahouse,thewriterseemstoAhavetotallyforgottenherwork.Bbeafraidofherneighbors.CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.Dhavegonecrazy.39WelearnfromthepassagethatthewriterAisfedupwiththeNetopponents.Bpreferspeopletothecomputer.Cisaddictedtothecomputer.Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.40Thephrase“comingbackoutofth
38、ecave”inthefifthparagraphmeansA“comingbackhome”.B“givingupthepresentjob”.C“livingaluxuriouslife”.D“restoringrealhumancontact”.第三篇TheBodyClockWhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYorkTheanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnolog
39、y.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebodysleepandwakecycles,levelsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amanda
40、gainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellersmaladyknownasjetlagis-alignmentthenonofapersonsinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoa
41、djusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturalten
42、dencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwar
43、dflights.Whenflyingwest,youareextendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclocksnaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreaso
44、nsforthis:changingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestinationsschedu
45、leassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.So,ourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.41TheroleofthebodyclockistoAenableustosleep6hoursaday.Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.Cregulatethebodysfunctions.Dinterferewiththebodysfunctions.42Theword“malady”inParagraph4i
46、sclosestinmeaningtoA“condition”.B“discomfort”.C“injury”.D“excitement”.43FlyinginawestwarddirectionwillAhelpyousleepbetter.Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.Cshrinkyourday.Dmakeyouovereat.44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelersACrossingdifferenttimezones.BChanginglightand
47、activitylevels.CWorkinglongerhours.DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.45ItcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatAyoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.Dthereisntmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.第5部分:补全短文(第4650题,每题2分,共10分)阅读下边的短文,文章中有5
48、处空白,文章后边有6组文字,请依据文章的内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原有地点,以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的地点上。RuiningtheRuinsAcidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.Acidrainisalsocapableofd
49、issolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchaslimestone(石灰石),areparticularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐化)morequickly._(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.Theoldlimestonebuildingsinpl
50、aceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitestheston
51、ehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance._(47).Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears._(48)TheacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcaniceruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoney
52、andeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced._(49).Mexicoscurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,MexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney._(50)However,thepriceofoilthendropp
53、ed,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.Sounlessthepriceofoilrises,itisunlikelythatMexicowillbeabletoaffordtocleanupthepollutionandsaveitsMayanruinsfromdestruction.AAtothersthepaintedsurfacesinsidetemplesareliftingandflakingoff()andthestonei
54、sbeingeatenaway.BThatisenoughtohavecausedsomeoftheancientcarvingstobecomeseriouslydamagedalready.CThesemeasureswouldreducethepollution,butwouldnotstopitcompletely.DThegovernmentwasthereforeabletoborrowhugesumsofmoneyfrombanksaroundtheworld,thinkingtheywouldhavenoproblemrepayingtheirdebts.ETheproblem
55、,however,isnotjustaEuropeanone.FHowever,theMexicangovernmentdoesnothaveenoughmoneytodothework,andneedstospendwhatmoneyithasontheMexicanpeople.第6部分:完形填空(第5165题,每题1分,共15分)阅读下边的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项,请依据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的地点上。ScienceandTruth“FINAGLE”()isnotawordthatmostpeopleassociatewithscience.Onereasonisthattheimageofthescientistisofonewhoalways_(51)datainanimpartial()searchfortruth.Inanydebate-_(52)intelligence,schooling,energythephrase“sciencesays”usuallydisarmsopposition.Butscientistshavelongacknowledgedtheexistenceofa“afinagletendncyfactorby”manyscientiststogiveahelpfulchanget
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