职称英语理工考试试题

1、【经典资料，文档，可编写改正】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，文档，可改正】2015年职称英语理工A考试一试题第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下边共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后边所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最邻近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的地点上。Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDacceptedHetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.Itisnous

2、edebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpectingOurstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.AwasteBbuyCuseDsellThefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolumeOurlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDcloselyHerfaith

3、upheldherintimesofsadness.AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected8.Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountryshistory.AcleanBperfectCrealDbriefItislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcardsatalltimes.AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed10.Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2oclock.Abe

4、ganBcontinuedCendedDresumed11.Redflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.AsignBsubstituteCproofDtargetHoweverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangryIthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerelyregulateorenlargeanoldone.AlimitBcontrolCreplace

5、DoffsetThesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecostofshippingcargobywater.AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下边这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句供给的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A

6、涂黑；假如该句供给的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息文章中没有说起，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。ADolphinandanAstronomerOnedayin1963,adolphinnamedElvarandafamousastronomer,CarlSagan,wereplayingalittlegame.Theastronomerwasvisitinganinstitutewhichwaslookingintothewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.Saganwasstandingontheedgeofoneofthetankswheres

7、everalofthesefriendly,highlyintelligentcreatureswerekept.Elvarhadjustswumupalongsidehimandhadturnedonhisback.ThedolphinwantedSagantoscratchhisstomachagain,astheastronomerhaddonetwicebefore.ElvarlookedupatSagan,waiting.Then,afteraminuteorso,thedolphinleaptupthroughthewaterandmadeasoundjustliketheword

8、“more”.Theastonishedastronomerwenttothedirectoroftheinstituteandtoldhimabouttheincident.neofOthe,yeswords.Thathesoknows,thedirectorsaid,showingnosurpriseatall.Dolphinshavebiggerbraininproportiontotheirbodysizethanhumanshave,andithasbeenknownforalongtimethattheycanmakeanumberofsounds.Whatismore,these

9、soundsseemtohavedifferentfunctions,suchaswarningeachotherofdanger.Soundtravelsmuchfasterandmuchfurtherinwaterthanitdoesinair.Thatiswhythepartsofthebrainthatdealwithsoundaremuchbetterdevelopedindolphinthaninhumans.ButcanitbesaidthatdolphinshavealanguagtherealsenseofthewordScientistsdontagreeonthis.Al

10、anguageisnotjustacollectionofsounds,orevenwords.Alanguagehasastructureandexample,thetwoquestions“WholovesMary”and“WhodoesMarylove”meanverydiffethings.Ifyoustoptothinkaboutit,youwillseethatthisdifferencedoesntcointhequestionbutfromthedifferenceinstructure.Thatiswhythequestion“Candolspeak”cantbeanswer

11、eduntilwefindoutifdolphinsnotonlymakesoundsbutalsoarrangetheminagrammaticalorderwhichaffectstheirmeaning.16Theastronomerwasnotinterestedinthewaydolphinscommunicatewitheachother.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17ThedolphinleaptupintotheairbecauseSaganwastoonearthewater.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18Partsofthed

12、olphinsbrainareparticularlywelldevelopedtohandledifferentkindsofsound.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19Dolphinsarethemostusefulanimalstohumans.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20Dolphinstravelfasterinwaterthananyotheranimals.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21Somescientistsbelievethatdolphinshavealanguageoftheirown.ARigh

13、tBWrongCNotmentioned22Soundscanbecalledalanguageonlywhentheyhaveastructureandagrammar.ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：归纳粗心与达成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）阅读下边这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2、3、5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别达成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的地点上。TheWeightExperimentNicolaWaltershasbeenta

14、kingpartinexperimentsinScotlandtodiscoverwhyhumansgainandlostweight.Beinglockedinasmallroomcalledaout.calorimeter)isonewayto（find热量丈量室1Thesighsabovethetworoomsreadsimply“ChamberOne”and“ChamberTwo”arethecalorimeters:4mby2mwhite-walledroomswherehumanvolunteersarelockedupinthenameofscience.Outsidethese

15、roomsanothersignreads“Please-workdoinotprogrenterss”andinfrontoftheroomsadvancedmachineryregisterseverymovethevolunteersmake.Eachday,mealsmeasuredtothelastgramarepassedthroughaholeinthewallofthecalorimetertotheresidentvolunteer.2NicolaWaltersisoneoftwentyvolunteerswho,overthepasteightmonths,havespen

16、tvaryingperiodsinsidethecalorimeter.Tallandslim,Nicoladoesnothaveaweightproblem,butthoughtthestrictdietmighthelpwithhertrainingandfitnessprogramme.Aself-employedcommunitydanceworker,shewasabletofittheexperimentinaroundherwork.Shesawanadvertforvolunteersatherlocalgymandassheisinterestedinthewholearea

17、ofdietandexercise,shethoughtshewouldhelpout.3TheexperimentonNicolainvolvedherspendingonedayonafixeddietathomeandthenext8:30amoneachofthefourmorningsandfromthenoneverythingsheateordrankwascarefullymeasured.Hereverymovewasnotedtoo,herdailyexerciseroutinetimedtothelastsecond.Atregularintervals,aftereat

18、ing,shefilledinformsabouthowhungryshefeltandsamplesweretakenforanalysis.4Thescientistshelpvolunteersimposeakindoforderonthelongdaystheyfaceintheroom.“Thefirsttime,Ionlytookonevideoandabook,butitwasOKbecauseIwatchedTVtherestofthetime,”saysNicola.Andtwiceadaysheusedtheexercisebike.Shepedaled()forhalfa

19、nhour,watchedbyresearcherstomakesureshedidntgotoofast.5Itseemsthatsomefoodsencourageyoutoeatmore,whileotherssatisfyyouquickly.Volunteersarealreadyshowingthathigh-fatdietsarelesslikelytomakeyoufeelfull.Believingthattheymaynowknowwhatencouragespeopletoovereat,theresearchersareabouttostarttestingahigh-

20、proteinweight-lossdiet.VolunteersarerequiredandNicolahassignedupforfurthersessions.AWhatdoesthecalorimeterlooklikeinsideBWhatprogramwasdesignedfortheexperimentCWhatisacalorimeterDWhatisthefirstimpressionEHowdothevolunteerskillthetimeFWhydidNicolajoinintheexperiments23Paragraph1_24Paragraph1_25Paragr

21、aph1_26Paragraph1_27Themachineryoutsidethecalorimetersrecordseverything_.28NicolaWaltershadtimefortheexperiments_.29Volunteershavetogetpreparedforthetimeinthecalorimeter_.30Theexperimentsshowthathigh-fatdiets_.AthevolunteersdoBbecauseshedoesnothaveaweightproblemCbecausethelifetherecanbeveryboringDma

22、kepeopleovereatEbecauseshewasherownbossFafterpassingahigh-proteintest第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下边有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后边有4个选项。请依据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最正确答案，涂在答题卡相应的地点上。第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.

23、Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversitysSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiolo

24、gicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(公顷)ofagriculturallandarelostbecausesaltgetsintothesoilandstunts(阻碍生长tropics,mangroves(红树林)thatcreateswamps(沼

25、泽)andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawaterhavebeencutdown.IntheMediterranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,allowingseawatertoseep(浸透)in.inLatinAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwaterisevaporated(蒸发)bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.Excesssaltthenenterstheplantsandpreventsth

26、emfunctioningnormally.Heavyconcentrationsofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittlesaltandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplantsstartedtobreedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,buti

27、twilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresultingseedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedtheappropriategenesintoallmannersofcropsandplants.Landthathasbeenabandonedtonaturewillthenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfood

28、inthepoorercountriesoftheworld.31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrueATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.BTheyarericebreeders.CTheyarehusbandandwifeDTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogrammeAtofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.Btoidentifygene

29、sthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassageANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.DE

30、vaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedbyA“influence”B“effect”C“stop”D“present”35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectispositivenegative.suspiciousindifferent.第二篇LivingwithComputerAftertoolongontheNet,evenaphonecallcanbeashock.MyboyfriendsLiverpud

31、iasuddenlybecomeshardtounderstandaftertheclarityofhiswordsonscreen;asecretaryseemsmorerejectingthanIdimagineditwouldbe.Timeitselfbecomesfluidhoursbecomeminutes,andalternatelysecondsstretchintodays.Weekends,onceahighlightofmyweek,arenowjusttwoordinarydays.Forthelastthreeyears,sinceIstoppedworkingasap

32、roducerforCharlieRose,Ihavedonemuchofmyworkasatele-commuter(远程谈话者).IsubmitarticlesandeditthemviaE-mailandcommunicatewithcolleaguesonInternetmailinglists.MyboyfriendslivesinEngland,somuchofourrelationshipiscomputer-mediated.IfIdesired,Icouldstayinsideforweekswithoutwantinganything.Icanorderfood,andma

33、nagemymoney,loveandwork.Infact,attimesIhavespentaslongasthreeweeksaloneathome,goingoutonlytogetmailandbuynewspapersandgroceries.Iwatchedmostoftheblizzard(狂风雪)of96on.TVButafterawhile,lifeitselfbeginstofeelunreal.IstarttofeelasthoughImachines,takingdatain,spittingthembackout,justanothernode(节点)ontheNe

34、t.Othersonlineopponentsworstnightmare.Whatfirstseemedlikealuxury,crawlingfrombedtocomputer,notworryingabouthair,andclothesandface,hasbecomeanavoidance,alackofdiscipline.Andonceyoustartreplacingrealhumancontactwithcyber-interaction(网上沟通),comingbackoutofthecavecanbequitedifficult.Attimes,Iturnonthetel

35、evisionandjustleaveittochatterinthebackground,somethingthatIdneverdonepreviously.Thevoicesoftheprogramssoothe(宽慰)me,butthenI不快)bythecommercials.Ifindmyselfsuckedinbysoapoperas,orcompulsively(强迫性地)needingtokeepupwiththelatestnewsandtheweather.“Dateline,”“Frontline,”“Nigeverypossibleangleofeverystoryo

36、verandoverandover,evenwhentheyareofnopossibleusetome.Workmoversfromforegroundtobackground.36Comparedwiththeclearwordsofherboyfriendonscreen,hisaccentisobscure.distinct.unreal.misleading.37ThepassageimpliesthatthewriterandherboyfriendliveinEngland.differentcountries.thesamecity.thesamecountry.38Livin

37、galoneinahouse,thewriterseemstoAhavetotallyforgottenherwork.Bbeafraidofherneighbors.CgetsomecomfortfromTVprograms.Dhavegonecrazy.39WelearnfromthepassagethatthewriterAisfedupwiththeNetopponents.Bpreferspeopletothecomputer.Cisaddictedtothecomputer.Ddoesnotlikehumancontact.40Thephrase“comingbackoutofth

38、ecave”inthefifthparagraphmeansA“comingbackhome”.B“givingupthepresentjob”.C“livingaluxuriouslife”.D“restoringrealhumancontact”.第三篇TheBodyClockWhyisitthatflyingtoNewYorkfromLondonwillleaveyoufeelinglesstiredthanflyingtoLondonfromNewYorkTheanswermaybeaclearcaseofbiologynotbeingabletokeepupwithtechnolog

39、y.Deepinsidethebrainthereisaclockthatgovernseveryaspectofthebodysleepandwakecycles,levelsofalertness,performance,mood,hormonelevels,digestion,bodytemperatureandsoon.Itregulatesallofthesefunctionsona24-hourbasisandiscalledthebiologicalclock.Thebodyclockprogrammesustobesleepytwiceaday,between3-5amanda

40、gainbetween3-5pm.Afternoonteaandnapareallculturalresponsestoournaturalbiologicalsleepinessintheafternoon.Oneofthemajorcausesofthetravellersmaladyknownasjetlagis-alignmentthenonofapersonsinternalbodyclockwithclocksintheexternalworld.Crossingdifferenttimezonesconfusesthebiologicalclock,whichthenhastoa

41、djusttothenewtimeandpatternsoflightandactivity.Tomakemattersmorecomplex,notallinternalbodyfunctionsadjustatthesamerate.Soyoursleep/wakemayadjusttoanewtimezoneatonerate,whileyourtemperatureadjustsatadifferentpace.Yourdigestionmaybeonadifferentschedulealtogether.Thoughweliveina24-hourday,thenaturalten

42、dencyofthebodyclockistoextendourdaybeyond24hours.Itiscontrarytoourbiologicalprogrammingtoshrinkourday.Thatiswhytravelinginawestwarddirectionismorebody-clockfriendlythanflyingeast.NASAstudiesoflonghaulpilotsshowedthatwestwardtravelwasassociatedwithsignificantlybettersleepquantityandqualitythaneastwar

43、dflights.Whenflyingwest,youareextendingyourday,thustravelinginthenaturaldirectionofyourinternalclock.Flyingeastwardwillinvolveshrinkingorreducingyourdayandisindirectoppositiontoyourinternalclocksnaturaltendency.Oneofthemorecommoncomplaintsoftravelersisthattheirsleepbecomesdisrupted.Therearemanyreaso

44、nsforthis:changingtimezonesandschedules,changinglightandactivitylevels,tryingtosleepwhenyourbodyclockisprogrammedtobeawake,disruptionoftheinternalbiologicalclockandworkinglongerhours.Itisoftensuggestedthatyouadjustyourwatchassoonasyouboardaplane,supposedlytotrytohelpyouadjusttoyourdestinationsschedu

45、leassoonasyouarrive.Butitcantakethebodyclockseveraldaystoseveralweekstofullyadjusttoanewtimezone.So,ourbodyclocktrulycangovernus.41TheroleofthebodyclockistoAenableustosleep6hoursaday.Bhelpusadapttoa24-hourcycle.Cregulatethebodysfunctions.Dinterferewiththebodysfunctions.42Theword“malady”inParagraph4i

46、sclosestinmeaningtoA“condition”.B“discomfort”.C“injury”.D“excitement”.43FlyinginawestwarddirectionwillAhelpyousleepbetter.Bincreasethedegreeofjetlag.Cshrinkyourday.Dmakeyouovereat.44WhichofthefollowinginNOTmentionedasareasonforthedisruptedsleepoftravelersACrossingdifferenttimezones.BChanginglightand

47、activitylevels.CWorkinglongerhours.DWatchingoutoftheplaneforalongtime.45ItcanbeseenfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatAyoucancontrolyourownbodyclock.Bitisnotdifficulttoadjusttoanewtimezone.Cadjustingyourwatchcanhelpyouaavoidjetlag.Dthereisntmuchyoucandotoavoidjetlag.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下边的短文，文章中有5

48、处空白，文章后边有6组文字，请依据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有地点，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的地点上。RuiningtheRuinsAcidrain(酸雨)isnowafamiliarproblemintheindustrializedcountriesinEurope.Harmfulgasesareproducedbypowerstationsandcars.Theydissolveinrainwaterandthismakesacidrain,whichdamagestrees,riversandstreams.Acidrainisalsocapableofd

49、issolvingsomerocks.Andbuildingsmadeofsoftrock,suchaslimestone(石灰石),areparticularlybadlyaffected.Theacidrainattackstherock,andsocarvingsandstatuesareeroded(受腐化)morequickly._(46)AccordingtoareportintheNewScientist,acidrainisbeingblamedfortherapiddecayofancientruinsinMexico.Theoldlimestonebuildingsinpl

50、aceslikeChichenItza,TulumandPalenquearewearingawayveryquicklyindeed.ThesesitesaretheremainsofthebuildingsbuiltbytheMayasbetween250BCandAD900,andthespectacularruinsofMayancivilizationarevisitedbythousandsoftouristseveryyear.Butthoseruinsareindangerofbeingseriouslydamagedbypollution.Atmanysitestheston

51、ehasbeencoveredwithalayerofblacksubstance._(47).Scientistsestimatethataboutonemillimeterofstoneiswornawayeverytwelveyears._(48)TheacidrainissaidtobecausedbypollutionfromoilwellsintheGulfofMexico.Carexhaustgasesarealsoaproblem.Localvolcaniceruptionsmaketheproblemevenworse.Nevertheless,withenoughmoney

52、andeffort,researcherssaythatmanyoftheproblemscouldbesolvedandtherateoferosionreduced._(49).Mexicoscurrentlackoffundsisalsopartlyduetooil.Thecountryhasrichoilfieldsandafewyearsago,whenoilwasexpensive,MexicowassellinglargequantitiesofoiltotheUSAandearningalotofmoney._(50)However,thepriceofoilthendropp

53、ed,andMexicohasbeenleftowingenormoussumsofmoneyandwithnotenoughincomefromoilsalestopaybacktheloans.Sounlessthepriceofoilrises,itisunlikelythatMexicowillbeabletoaffordtocleanupthepollutionandsaveitsMayanruinsfromdestruction.AAtothersthepaintedsurfacesinsidetemplesareliftingandflakingoff()andthestonei

54、sbeingeatenaway.BThatisenoughtohavecausedsomeoftheancientcarvingstobecomeseriouslydamagedalready.CThesemeasureswouldreducethepollution,butwouldnotstopitcompletely.DThegovernmentwasthereforeabletoborrowhugesumsofmoneyfrombanksaroundtheworld,thinkingtheywouldhavenoproblemrepayingtheirdebts.ETheproblem

55、,however,isnotjustaEuropeanone.FHowever,theMexicangovernmentdoesnothaveenoughmoneytodothework,andneedstospendwhatmoneyithasontheMexicanpeople.第6部分：完形填空（第5165题，每题1分，共15分）阅读下边的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请依据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的地点上。ScienceandTruth“FINAGLE”()isnotawordthatmostpeopleassociatewithscience.Onereasonisthattheimageofthescientistisofonewhoalways_(51)datainanimpartial()searchfortruth.Inanydebate-_(52)intelligence,schooling,energythephrase“sciencesays”usuallydisarmsopposition.Butscientistshavelongacknowledgedtheexistenceofa“afinagletendncyfactorby”manyscientiststogiveahelpfulchanget