2021届高考英语总复习四选一阅读理解高分突破技巧大全课件

1、高考英语总复习四选一阅读高分突破技巧大全高考英语总复习四选一阅读高分突破技巧大全高考英语四选一阅读重点突破-理解文中具体信息高考英语四选一阅读重点突破-理解文中具体信息理解文中具体信息考点2：理解文中具体信息考点2： 需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳概括的，我们称之为归纳概括题。 正确选项是对文中信息进行了同义转换，我们称之为语意转换题。 需要对文中提供的数字进行简单计算才可得出答案的，我们称之为数字计算题。 需要对文中两个或多个信息点进行归纳概括的，我 不论哪类细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第一步，在题干中选定定位词(如专有名词、数字、缩略词，以及能体现问题中心的名词或动词等)；第二步，

2、用选定的定位词(一般用1或2个)去文中寻找答题信息句，即信息定位；第三步，仔细阅读找到的信息句及其上下句，将信息句与各选项比较，选出正确答案。即“一定二找三比较”。 不论哪类细节题，我们在弄清题目所问之后，第直接信息典型例题 2020年全国卷21Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs Summer Company Summer Company provides students with han

3、ds-on business training and awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible: Students aged 1529, returning to school in the fall. 直接信息典型例题 2020年全国卷21 What is special about Summer Company? A. It requires no training before employment. B. It provides awards for runn

4、ing new businesses. C. It allows one to work in the natural environment. D. It offers more summer job opportunities. 点拨：由题干中的Summer Company可定位到第二段；由本段中的“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to 3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，Summer

5、Company为学生提供实操商业培训和高达3000美元的奖励来开办和经营他们自己的暑期业务。故选B项。 What is special about Summer对点练习1. (2020年全国卷22) My Favourite Books Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads. Matilda I once wrote a paper on the influence of

6、fairy tales on Roald Dahls writing对点练习1. (2020年全国卷22) After Dark Its about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secret

7、s. Gone Girl There was a bit of me that didnt want to love this The Stand This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around题干 After Dark题干 Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?A. Cosmopolitan.B. Matilda.C. After Dark.D. The Stand.C 由题干中的 Mari和Eri可定位到After Dark，由A

8、fter Dark中第一句“Its about two sistersEri, a model who either wont or cant stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student.”可知，After Dark讲的是两姐妹一个永远睡不醒的模特Eri和一个年轻学生Mari的故事。故选C项。 Which of the following tells2. (2020年全国卷22) OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS The Audience Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about

9、Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)2. (2020年全国卷22) Who is the director of The Audience?A.

10、 Helen Mirren. B. Peter Morgan. C. Dylan Baker. D. Stephen Daldry. D 由题干中的The Audience可定位到The Audience，由该部分的第二句“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知，这部戏剧是Stephen Daldry导演的。故选D项。 Who is the director of The A3. (2019年全国卷23) Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration: 3 hours (7 miles) Join a small

11、group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D. C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet,

12、 and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 3. (2019年全国卷23)Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A. City maps.B. Cameras.C. Meals.D. Safety lights. D 由题干中的night可定位到Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour这条线路。本题问的是夜间单车旅行会提供下列哪一项。

13、选项City maps, Cameras和Meals在文中均未出现，属无中生有，排除选项A, B和C。在最后一句中找到safety lights，故选D项。 Which of the following does t4. (2019年全国卷21) Welcome to Holker Hall & GardensVisitor InformationHow to Get to Holker By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere20 minutes, Kendal2

14、5 minutes, Lancaster45 minutes, Manchester1 hour 30 minutes. By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports. 4. (2019年全国卷21) How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?A. 20 m

15、inutes.B. 25 minutes.C. 45 minutes.D. 90 minutes.D 由题干中的drive和Manchester定位到文章开头How to Get to Holker的By Car部分的最后Manchester1 hour 30 minutes，由此可知，开车从Manchester到Holker，需1小时30分，也就是90分钟。故选D项。 How long does it probably ta5. (2018年全国卷21)Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers Store Dont f

16、orget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. Where can you buy a souvenir at Science Center?A. In Building 1. B. In Building

17、3. C. At the last Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance.5. (2018年全国卷21)Where can yoB 由题干中的buy和where可定位到Visit Pacific Science Centers Store部分的最后一句“The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3”，故选B项。Hungry？Our exhibits will feed your mindRental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings S

18、upport Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center B 由题干中的buy和where可定位到Visit Pac语意转换典型例题2020年全国卷29 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric (生物测量) technologies like fingerprint scansto keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, th

19、ese technologies are still expensive, though.语意转换典型例题2020年全国卷29 Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers

20、apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a users typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities, and by extension, whether they should be given

21、access to the computer its connected toregardless of whether someone gets the password right. C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.同义 Researchers from Georgia What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques d

22、evelop fast.C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed. 点拨：由第二段最后两句“These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine peoples identities”可知，每个人的打字模式都是独一无二的，因此智能键盘能够识别人们的身份，这使得智能键盘的发明成为可能。比较各选项，C选项vary from person to person与文中are un

23、ique to each person同义，故选C项。 What makes the invention of t对点练习 1. (2019年全国卷25)Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection. Of the comm

24、on berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C When combined with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. 对点练习 1. (2019年全国卷25)Ma W

25、hy is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas? A. To make them smell better. B. To keep their colour. C. To speed up their ripening. D. To improve their nutrition.Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas wi

26、ll prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer. prevent them turningbrown同义 Why is fresh lemon juice us点拨：B由题干中的lemon juice可定位到第三段倒数第二句“If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them

27、turning brown.”，比较各选项， B选项keep their colour (使其保持不变色) 与文中prevent them turning brown (阻止它们变成褐色) 同义，故选B项。 点拨：B由题干中的lemon juice可定位到第三段倒数第2. (2019年全国卷31) Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers According to the reports ke

28、y findings The report data shows that When it comes to technology and reading2. (2019年全国卷31) Teens and yo The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do

29、 read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read. How should parents encourage their children to read more?A. Act as role models for them.B. Ask them to write boo

30、k reports.C. Set up reading groups for them.D. Talk with their reading class teachers. 同义 The most hopeful data shareA 由题干中的parents和read more，以及命题的顺序性原则，可定位到第六段。第一句“说到阅读，报告中的数据清楚地表明，父母是孩子的榜样和向导。”比较各选项，A选项act as role models for them与文中serving as examples for their kids同义，只是转换了说法，serve as换成act as, exa

31、mples换成role models。 A 由题干中的parents和read more，以及命题3. (2019年全国卷33)Weve all been there: in a liftstruggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation

32、. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. 3. (2019年全国卷33)Weve all bee“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to succes

33、sful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.同义“Almost every great love storyB 由题干中的success

34、ful small talk和Carducci可定位到第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them. (成功闲谈的关键是与他人建立联系，而不仅仅是交流。)”。比较各选项，B选项relate to other people 与文中connect with others同义，故选B项。 B 由题干中的successful small talk和4. (2019年全国卷34) Yesterday, I sat with my

35、 son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. Why did

36、 the author play the ball with Shepherd?A. To try out an idea.B. To show a parents love.C. To train his attention.D. To help him start a hobby.同义4. (2019年全国卷34) Yesterday, A 由题干中的Shepherd定位到第三段第四句“Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this.”，后文描述了作者与其儿子玩球的过程。对比各

37、选项，A项to try out an idea与文中to test my own theory同义，故选A项。选项B“表达父母的爱”、选项D“帮助他开始一个爱好”在文中无信息支持，是无中生有；选项C“训练他的注意力”是利用文中的只言片语attention编造的选项，张冠李戴。 A 由题干中的Shepherd定位到第三段第四句“Yest5. (2019年全国卷21) Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration: 3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see

38、the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availabilityand the cherry blossomsdisappear!Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Bl

39、ossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.同义词5. (2019年全国卷21)Which tour dA 由拟题顺序性原则可知在前面段落，又由题干中的book in advance，找到第一条线路的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availabilitydi

40、sappear（趁还能买到门票时赶紧预订）”，两者意思相同，只是同义替换，转换说法而已。其中，reserve与book是同义词，均为“预订”之意。故选A项。A 由拟题顺序性原则可知在前面段落，又由题干中的book数字计算典型例题2019年全国卷30 At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The median number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than

41、that.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A. About 6,800.B. About 3,400.C. About 2,400.D. About 1,200.目前共有大约6800种语言，不到6千人讲的语言只有6800的一半，即3400种，故选B项。数字计算典型例题2019年全国卷30How man点拨：本题问“少于6千人讲的语言，目前有多少种？”由第一句可知世界上目前共有大约6800种语言，又由最后一句“世界语言的一半，不到6千人讲”，由此可知，不到6千人讲的语言只有6800的一半，即34

42、00种，故选B项。 点拨：本题问“少于6千人讲的语言，目前有多少种？”由第一句可对点练习1. (2019年全国卷25) .however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?A.

43、 Two-thirds of them stayed there.B. One out of five people got rich.C. Almost everyone gave up.D. Half of them died.两万人中，四千人发财了，五分之一的人发财了。故选B项。对点练习What do we know about t1. B 由题干中dug for gold定位到第二段倒数第二句“Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4000 got rich.（在第一批挖金子的两万人中，四千人发财了。）”，据此计算可知，是五分之一的人

44、发财了。故选B项。 1. B 由题干中dug for gold定位到第二段倒数 Every winter in Jukkasjarvi, Prices: starting at318 one night for each person for either a cold room or a warm one. Propeller Island Propeller Island City Lodge is Prices: starting at just91 a night, and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars.简单运算：9120

45、111；故选A项2. (2010年全国卷55) The Ice Hotel Every winter in Jukkasjar For two persons spending a night in one of these hotels, they have to pay at least _. A. 111B. 182 C. 600D. 636A 由题干中的pay可知是问有关钱的问题，并记住关键信息at least和two persons。由pay可定位到三家酒店的Prices 部分。浏览三个酒店的Prices，分别是300，318和91，可知最便宜是91，根据“starting at j

46、ust 91 a night, and an additional person for only 20 extra dollars”进行简单运算：91+20=111，可知选A项。 关键词 For two persons spending a n 3. (2008年全国大纲卷49) For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and turned it in for

47、 one hundred dollars!” This guys a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought 200 worth of tickets, and only one was a winner. Hes really a big loser!How much did the lottery winner lose?A. One hundred dollars.B. Two hundred dollars.C. Three hundred dollars.D. Four hundred doll

48、ars. 3. (2008年全国大纲卷49) For exa3. A 由题干中的lottery可定位到“I just won a hundred dollars on the lottery”及其附近。由“I just won a hundred dollars”和“he bought 200 worth of tickets”可知，买了200元彩票中了100元，实际损失100元。故选A项。 3. A 由题干中的lottery可定位到“I just 归纳概括典型例题2020年全国卷31 Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through an

49、nual subscriptions in AmericaThe trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”a term referring to papers made widely available to the public This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830But the phrase “penny paper” caugh

50、t the publics fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny. 归纳概括典型例题2020年全国卷31 Befo This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were own

51、ers of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?A. It was a difficult process.B. It was a temporary success.C. It was a robbery of the poor.D. It was a disast

52、er for printers. This new trend of newspape点拨：由题干中的penny paper可定位到第三、四段。第三、四段主要讲的是“便士报”的发展历程。由“This development did not take place overnight.”“This new trend of newspapers for the man on the street did not begin well.”“Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures.”等语句可看出，“便士报”的发展是一个困难而曲折的

53、过程，故选A。 点拨：由题干中的penny paper可定位到第对点练习1. (2019年全国卷29) many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize Wang serves as head of the Architectur

54、e Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus (校园)of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.对点练习 The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many vis

55、itors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves (曲线)of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?A. Its hilly environment.B. Its large size.C. Its unique style.

56、D. Its diverse functions. The style of the campus 1. C 由题干中的CAA和visitor可定位到第三、四段。第三段讲述王的工作单位中国美术学院建筑系，以及该校的许多建筑是他的原创。第四段讲他的作品的风格。根据第四段的描述，“不一样(different)” “复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型”“建筑的曲线与山的起伏完全吻合”，概括起来，就是“独特(unique)”，独特的风格构成独特的景观。因此，给人们留下最深刻印象的是它独特的风格，故选C项。 1. C 由题干中的CAA和visitor可定位到第三、四段2. (2019年全国卷31) “Tod

57、ay, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang. The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions w

58、ould be artificial and empty, he said.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?A. Spread them to the world.B. Preserve them at museums.C. Teach them in universities.D. Recreate them in practice.2. (2019年全国卷31) “Today, many2. D 本题是该篇短文最后一道题，根据命题的顺序原则，可定位到最后一段。也可由题干中的Chinese tradit

59、ions定位到最后二段。最后一段：“传统研究应该与实践融合起来，否则，对传统的再创造将是虚伪的和空洞的。”两句可概括为“要在实践中对传统进行再创造”，故选D项。 2. D 本题是该篇短文最后一道题，根据命题的顺序原则，可 3. (2018全国卷30) The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populationsmajor food sources (来源) for the wolfgrew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of

60、 vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the parks red foxes, and completely drove away the parks beavers.灰狼的消失带来了许多意想不到的后果后果 3. (2018全国卷30) The disappe What did the disappear