中国戏曲英文介绍ChineseOpera课件

1、Chinese Opera 中国戏曲2022/9/28Chinese Opera2022/9/26ContentsIntroductionVarietiesPeking OperaContentsIntroductionVarietiesPIntroduction - Chinese OperasChinese Opera has been acknowledged as one of the greatest ancient dramas in the world, paralleling the Comedies and Tragedies of Greece and the Sanskr

2、it （梵文） Drama of India. The Chinese opera is a traditional form of stage entertainment, weaving together elements of mime, dance, song, dialogue, swordplay, and acrobatics into one fluid continuous flow. Gestures, movements and expressions incorporated within each performers script come together to

3、bring forth an impressive performance. Introduction - Chinese OpeIntroduction - Chinese OperasIn contrast to Western stage entertainment, which is subdivided into different categories such as opera, drama and sketches（幽默短剧） , Chinese opera has remained faithful to its original format over the centur

4、ies. Their origin can be traced back to primitive society but the prototype(雏形) for Chinese opera actually appeared in the Song dynasty about 800 years ago. Introduction - Chinese OpeIntroduction - Chinese OperasAlthough sharing a common ancestry, Chinese opera boasts over 300 various distinct forms

5、 - taking their names from their places of origin. These forms are generally discernible（可是别的） by their use of local dialects and distinct melodies. Beijing opera is considered by most to be the most refined. Also widespread are Pingju Opera, Kunqu Opera, Shaoxing Opera, Henan Opera, Sichuan Opera,

6、Shanxi Opera, Huangmei Opera, Huagu Opera and Yangko Opera. Some Chinese ethnic minority groups have some local form of operas. Introduction - Chinese OpeVarietiesNorthernBeijing opera 京剧 Errenzhuan 二人转 (Northeast China) Hebei bangzi 河北梆子 (Hebei) Jiju 吉剧 (Jilin) Lju 吕剧 (Shandong) Pingju 评剧 (Hebei) P

7、uju 蒲剧 (Shanxi) Qinqiang/Qin dynasty opera 秦腔 (Shaanxi) Shandong bangzi (Shandong) Shanxi bangzi (Shanxi) VarietiesNorthernSouthern (main ) Cantonese opera (Guangdong) Chaozhou opera Ganju/Yiyangqiang (Jiangxi) Huju (Shanghai) Kunqu Liyuan opera Puppet opera Shaoxing opera/Yueju (Zhejiang) Suzhou op

8、era (Suzhou) Taiwanese opera Wuju (Jinhua) Southern (main ) Varieties of Chinese OperaOver 300 types all togetherBeijing Opera （京剧）Yue Opera（越剧）Huangmei Opera （黄梅戏）Yu Opera（豫剧）Ping Opera（评剧）Kun Opera（昆剧） Hebei Clapper Opera（河北梆子） Chuan Opera（川剧）Yue Opera（越剧）Lu Opera(吕剧）Varieties of Chinese OperaOver

9、Beijing Opera （京剧）Beijing Opera, once called Peking Opera, is the most influential and representative of all operas in China and has a history of over 200 years. Beijing Opera is noticeable for four highly systemized categories of singing, acting, reciting and acrobatic fighting.Beijing Opera （京剧）Be

10、ijing OperFamous Plays in Beijing OperaThe Gathering Of Heroes群英会The Empty City空城计 The Orphan of the Zhao赵氏孤儿 The Female Generals of the Yang杨门女将Red Lantern红灯记The Sparks in Reed Marshes芦荡火种To Take the Weihu Mountain by Strategy智取威虎山Famous Plays in Beijing OperaTYue Opera越剧Yue Opera is a local opera

11、popular in the southern regions of the Changjiang River. Yue Opera has a history of nearly 100 years. The famous performer Yuan Xuefen（袁雪芬）, contributed significantly to the reform of this opera. Well known plays include The Butterflys Love梁山伯与祝英台, The Dream of Red Mansions红楼梦and The West Chamber西厢记

12、. Yue Opera越剧Yue Opera is a locaHuangmei Opera黄梅戏Huangmei Opera, once called Huangmei Tune（黄梅调）, is a local opera in Anhui Province, was basically derived from the Caicha Tune（采茶调, tea-picking tunes）of Huangmei county. The Huangmei Opera uses the talents of the well-known performer, Yan Fengying（阎凤英

13、）, and the traditional plays are The Heavenly Maid and the Mortal天仙配and Female Son-in-Law of the Emperor女驸马。Huangmei Opera黄梅戏Huangmei OperYu Opera豫剧Yu Opera, also called Henan Clapper Opera（河南梆子）or Henan High Tune（河南高调）, is a major local opera in Henan Province and enjoys nationwide popularity. Ther

14、e are more than 600 traditional plays in the repertoire of Yu Opera, among them are Playing Short Spears对花枪and The Beheading of Chen Shimei 铡美案. The most famous performer is Chang Xiangyu（常香玉）.Yu Opera豫剧Yu Opera, also callePing Opera评剧Ping Opera is a traditional opera widely popular in Beijing, Tian

15、jin, North and Northeast China. It is especially good at reflecting life of urban people and has gained great favor from people both in rural and urban areas. Classic plays include Flower, a Matchmaker花为媒and Du Shi Niang杜十娘, to name just a few. Representative performers are Xiao Bai Yushuang（小白玉霜）an

16、d Xin Fengxia（新风霞）.Ping Opera评剧Ping Opera is a trKun Opera昆曲Kun Opera, also called Kunshan Qiang (昆山腔), originated in the Kunshan region of Jiangsu Province. It is one of Chinas classical operas with a history of more than 600 years. The traditional plays of Kun Opera include The Injustice to Dou E窦

17、娥冤, The West Chamber西厢记, The Peach Blossom Fan桃花扇, The Peony Pavilion牡丹亭and Palace of Eternal Youth长生殿. The representative performers are Yu Zhenfei（俞振飞）and Hong Xuefei（洪雪飞）.Kun Opera昆曲Kun Opera, also calHebei Clapper Opera河北梆子Hebei Clapper Opera is a local opera which originated in Hebei Province,

18、yet also became very popular in Beijing, Tianjin and some regions of Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shandong Provinces. Representative plays include The Generals of the Yang杨家将, Lotus Lantern宝莲灯and Qin Xianglian秦香莲.Hebei Clapper Opera河北梆子Hebei CChuan Opera川剧Chuan Opera is o

19、ne of the oldest local operas in China, mainly prevalent in Sichuan province and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. There are some unique and rare features of Chuan Opera used to depict（描绘）certain characters. For example, the actors with a third eye on their forehead can suddenly open it and hav

20、e an insight into the past and the future; some actors can change their facial make-ups with a quick swing of the head; and some are proficient at jumping through burning hoops or hiding swords. They are perfectly integrated with the plot of the play, the mood and the personality of the characters.

21、Chuan Opera川剧Chuan Opera is onYue Opera 粤剧Yue Opera is a major opera prevalent in areas where people speak Guangdong dialect, such as Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia. Its orchestra(管弦乐队) has adopted Western instruments such as viol

22、in, saxophone, cello(大提琴) and double bass(大贝斯或低音提琴), in addition to Chinese traditional instruments like Erhe（二胡）, Gaohu（高胡）, Sanxian（三弦）, and Yueqin（月琴）. In acting, stage scenery and lighting, the techniques of modern drama and Western opera have been integrated. A leading actress is Hong Xiannu（红线

23、女）Yue Opera 粤剧Yue Opera is a maj Chinese Musical Instruments wind instruments (吹奏乐器) bowed string instruments(拉弦乐器) plucked string instruments (弹拨乐器)percussion instruments.(打击乐器) Chinese Musical Instruments wWind or Blowing Instruments 吹奏乐器The wind instruments are mainly made of bamboo or wood and a

24、re in the form of a pipe. They can produce smooth and sonorous (调子高的，响亮的)sound by wind blowing through the pipe. There is a variety of wind instruments used in Chinese music, among them are the Dizi, Xiao and Sheng. These play a key role in various musical ensembles（重奏）. Wind or Blowing Instruments

25、吹奏Wind or Blowing Instruments 吹奏乐器笛箫笙唢呐Wind or Blowing Instruments 吹奏Bowed String Instrument拉弦乐器 The bowed string instruments produce from the vibration of the strings sweet sound and rich tone colors. Most of Chinese bowed string instruments belong to the Huqin（胡琴）group, such as the Erhu, the Gaohu

26、 and the Banhu, the former two have sounding membranes(薄膜) made of python(蟒蛇) skin, while the later one has a wooden sounding board. They can express profound feelings and display exquisite(精湛的) skills of the performer. Bowed String Instrument拉弦乐器 ThBowed String Instrument拉弦乐器二胡京胡板胡Bowed String Inst

27、rument拉弦乐器二胡京Plucked String Instrument弹拨乐器The plucked string instruments are played by plucking the strings with fingers or plectrums(弦拨). There are various kinds of plucked string instruments made of different forms. The group of the plucked string instrument mainly includes the Guqin, Zheng and Pi

28、pa. Plucked String Instrument弹拨乐器TPercussion打击乐器The history of percussion instruments in China is longer than any other category of traditional instruments. The character of drum was first found in the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells of the Shang Dynasty. China has an enormous variety of p

29、ercussion instruments and the more popular ones are the Gu, Zhong, Bo and Luo, which can make sounds full of appeals and local color. Percussion打击乐器The history of pPercussion打击乐器青铜编钟 编磬 锣钹鼓木鱼Percussion打击乐器青铜编钟 编磬 锣钹鼓木鱼中国戏曲英文介绍【精品】-Chinese-OperaPeking OperaHistory of Peking OperaRoles of Peking Opera

30、Facial masksPeking OperaHistory of Peking Brief IntroductionBeijing opera or Peking opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics. The form was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty court and has come to be regarded as one of the c

31、ultural treasures of China. It has also spread to other countries such as the United States and Japan.Brief IntroductionBeijing opeBeijing opera was born when the Four Great Anhui Troupes brought Anhui opera, or what is now called Huiju, to Beijing in 1790, for the birthday of the Qianlong Emperor.

32、Beijing opera was originally staged for the court and came into the public later. In 1828, some famous Hubei troupes came to Beijing. They often jointly performed in the stage with Anhui troupes. The combination gradually formed Beijing operas melodies. Beijing opera is generally regarded as having

33、fully formed by 1845.Although it is called Beijing opera (Beijing theatre style), its origins are in the southern Anhui and eastern HubeiBeijing opera is not actually a monolithic form, but rather a coalescence of many older forms. DevelopmentBeijing opera was born when th Performers utilize the ski

34、lls of speech, song, dance, and combat in movements that are symbolic and suggestive, rather than realistic. The skill of performers is evaluated according to the beauty of their movements. Performers also adhere to a variety of stylistic conventions that help audiences navigate the plot of the prod

35、uction. The layers of meaning within each movement must be expressed in time with music. Beijing opera are based on Chinese history, folklore, and, increasingly, contemporary life. Performers utilize the skillsBeijing opera was initially an exclusively male pursuit. The Qianlong Emperor had banned a

36、ll female performers in Beijing in 1772. The appearance of women on the stage began unofficially during the 1870s. Female performers began to impersonate male roles and declared equality with men. By 1894, the first commercial venue showcasing female performance troupes appeared in Shanghai. This en

37、couraged other female troupes to form, which gradually increased in popularity. As a result, theatre artist Yu Zhenting俞振庭 petitioned（请愿）for the lifting of the ban after the founding of the Republic of China in 1911. This was accepted, and the ban was lifted in 1912.Beijing opera was initially anThe

38、 roles on the Chinese opera stage fall into four categories: Sheng, Dan, Jing and Chou. These roles have the natural features of age andsex, as well as social status, and are artificially exaggerated by makeup, costume and gestures. 京剧在塑造人物方面有其独特的造型语言。它把不同性别、性格、年龄、身份的人物划分为不同的行当，一般说来有生、旦、净、丑四大行当。由于京剧

39、人物造型形象鲜明、风格多样，有强烈的剧场效果，常常更易于激起观众的欣赏兴趣。The roles on the Chinese operShenga male role, usually a leading one, dates back to Southern Drama of the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368). This role appears in operas in all historical periods. Sheng falls into three sub-groups: Laosheng, Xiaosheng, WushengSh

40、enga male role, usually a leSheng老生/甘露寺 小生/柳荫记Sheng老生/甘露寺 小生/柳荫记 Laosheng is meaning bearded men, because the actors wear artificial beards, and they are middle-aged or elderly men. Most are upright(正直) and resolute（刚毅） characters. They sing in their natural voices, and their actions are serious one

41、s. Xiaosheng represents young male characters. They dont wear artificial beards. They always sing in their real voices, while in Kunqu and Pihuang operas the singing mixes natural and falsetto voices. Laosheng is meaning beShengWusheng stands for all of the male characters who appear in battle scene

42、s. They always wear helmets and thick-soled boots. The generals always carry long pikes or short-handled weapons, . Wusheng roles call for sturdy and vigorous actions, with resounding (洪亮的）declamations. The movements of the waist and legs are powerful, and a high level of martial arts skills is dema

43、nded in these roles. ShengWusheng stands for all ofDanDan is the general term in Peking Opera for female roles. As early as in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), the Dan role appeared. Southern Drama and Northern Zaju, which developed during the Song and Yuan Dynasties (960-1368) Nowadays, the Dan roles a

44、re subdivided into Zhengdan (or Qingyi),Huandan, Wudan and Laodan DanDan is the general term in Zhengdan role was the main Dan role in the Northern Zaju. Zhengdan refers to young or middle-aged women with gentle and refined dispositions. Most of Zhengdan s lines are delivered in song, and even the s

45、poken parts are recited in rhythmic style. Always dressed in a blue gown, Zhengdan is also called Qingyi (blue clothes).饰演大家闺秀和有身份的妇女称为正旦，正旦在京剧中俗称青衣，这就是因为正旦所扮演的角色常穿青色的长衫而得名青衣的表演庄重娴静，秀雅柔婉，以唱功为主，一般说来，青衣的唱腔旋律优美，细腻婉转。 Zhengdan role was the main DanDanHuadan is a role for a vivacious maiden, a young woma

46、n with a frank and open personality, or a woman of questionable character. 旦行中的花旦，多扮演天真活泼或放荡泼辣的青衣妇女，在表演上注重做工和念白，例如红娘中的红娘. DanHuadan is a role for a vivaDang 青衣/贵妃醉酒 花旦/拾玉镯Dang 青衣/贵妃醉酒 花旦/拾玉镯Wudan refers to female characters skilled in the martial arts and can be subdivided into Daomadan and Wudan, a

47、ccording to the social positions and skills represented. Daomadan is good at using pikes and spears, and at riding horses. Wudan always wears short robes and the role emphasizes acrobatics. Wudan plays gods and ghosts and has excellent fighting skills.武旦和刀马旦相当于生行中的武生，扮演的是擅长武艺的青壮年妇女，装扮和武生差不多，也扎靠服，她们多

48、在剧中扮演女侠、女将甚至女仙、女妖等。武旦和刀马旦的表演往往还伴随着热闹的锣鼓点，烘托场上的气氛 Wudan refers to female charactLaodan usually represents aged women. She sings in their natural voices, in a style similar to that of Laosheng but in milder tones.老旦指在剧中扮演老年妇女的角色行当。为突出老年人的特点，走路迈一种沉稳的横八字步，服装色调为色彩偏暗的秋香色、墨绿色，演唱用真声表现。 Laodan usually repres

49、ents aged 武旦/穆桂英 老旦/秦香莲 武旦/穆桂英 老旦/秦香莲JingJing refers to painted-face roles, known popularly as Hualian. The different colors and designs on the faces represent males with different characteristics. Some are bold and vigorous and some are sinister, ruthless, crude and rash(鲁莽). The voice is loud and

50、clear, and the movements are exaggerated. The roles represent men of high social standing and good behavior, often court ministers. 净角脸部化妆最为丰富彩。净因面部化妆要用各种色彩和图案勾勒脸谱，所以又俗称大花脸。一般扮演品貌或者性格有特点的男子，在京剧中多为将军或有一定社会地位的人JingJing refers to painted-facJing武净/战宛城 铜锤/打龙袍Jing武净/战宛城 铜锤/末也属老生类，但在年龄上应更老，思维糊涂，生活在底层的老人。由

51、于化妆时在鼻梁上抹以小块白粉而俗称小花脸，又同净角的大花脸、二花脸并列而俗称三花脸。末也属老生类，但在年龄上应更老，思维糊涂，生活在底层的老 ChouThe Chou is one of the main roles in Peking Opera. The eyes and nose are surrounded by a white patch, so Chou is also known as Xiao Hua Lian (partly painted face). The Chou roles originated in Southern Drama of the Song and Y

52、uan dynasties (960-1368)剧中的丑角演员又称为小花脸。丑行的化妆虽与大花脸有点相象，可是他的表演风格却完全不同，有点像夸张的漫画。丑角的出场常会带来满堂的笑声 the Chou roles are divided into two categories: Wenchou (civilian) and Wuchou (martial). ChouThe Chou is one of the maChou文丑/群英会 武丑/连环套Chou文丑/群英会 武丑/连环套Wuchou requires not only a good command of the martial ar

53、ts or acrobatics, but also the ability to deliver the lines both clearly and fluently. The movements should be light and powerful. 武丑扮演的经常是一些机警风趣、武艺高超的人物，象绿林好汉、侠盗小偷等等。文丑经常扮演花花公子、狱卒、酒保、更夫、老兵等。不管文丑或武丑，虽有文武善恶、身份高低之分，在剧中都是幽默、滑稽的喜剧人物，也并不都是反派。 Wuchou requires not only a gooBeijing Opera facial masks京剧脸谱 B

54、eijing Opera facial masks京剧脸谱The facial makeup in Chinese opera, is a special feature of a national cosmetic. As each historical figure or a certain type of person has an approximate spectral type, like sing, play music to the music, so called “types of facial makeup in operas”. On the types of faci

55、al makeup in operas sources, the general view is from mask. The facial makeup in Chinese oBeijing opera types of facial makeup in operas are based on certain personality, temperament or some special types of figures for the use of certain colors.京剧脸谱，是具有民族特色的一种特殊的化妆方法。由于每个历史人物或某一种类型的人物都有一种大概的谱式，就像唱歌

56、、奏乐都要按照乐谱一样，所以称为“脸谱”.关于脸谱的来源，一般的说法是来自假面具。根据某种性格、性情或某种特殊类型的人物为采用某些色彩的 。Beijing opera types of facial Red has expressed his Warriors of strong types of facial makeup in operas such as Guan Yu, Jiang Wei and Chang Yuchun.红色有脸谱表示忠勇士义烈，如关羽、姜维、常遇春.Red has expressed his WarriorsBlack said the types of faci

57、al makeup in operas ming criticized people, integrity, bravery and even reckless, such as Zhang Fei, Li Kui黑色的脸谱表示刚烈、正直、勇猛甚至鲁莽，如包拯、张飞、李逵等张飞Black said the types of facialYellow types of facial makeup in operas that vicious brutality, such as Yuwen Chengdu, and Dian Wei.黄色的脸谱表示凶狠残暴，如宇文成都、典韦.Yellow typ

58、es of facial makeup Blue or green types of facial makeup in operas that some of the figures represented irritable, such as Dou Ambassador, Ma Wu.蓝色或绿色的脸谱表示一些粗豪暴躁的人物，如窦尔敦、马武等.窦尔敦Blue or green types of facial General treacherous court official said the types of facial makeup in operas white, bad guys,

59、 such as Cao Cao, Zhao Gao.白色的脸谱一般表示奸臣、坏人，如曹操、赵高等曹操General treacherous court offi Gold and silver are used on faces of deities, spirits and demons.金色/银色：用于佛祖和神仙一类人物以及一些比较有法力的精怪，如如来佛、二郎神京剧脸谱：如来佛二郎神 Gold and silver are used on f Classic Works京剧经典 Classic Works京剧经典 Farewell, My Concubine”霸王别姬 Farewell, My Concubine”霸王别姬 Mu Guiying takes command梅兰芳晚年编演的穆桂英挂帅 Mu Guiying takes command梅兰芳导入玉堂春剧照导入玉堂春剧照京剧昭君出塞尚小云扮演的王昭君Zh