续写中的情节构思-2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能

1、2023年新高考英语读后续写提分技能3.02续写中的情节构思背景回顾1背景回顾情节是事件的形式系列或语义系列，它是故事结构中的主干、人物、环境的支撑点，情 节的类型包括线型、非线型、转换型、范畴型情节。其中，线型又称故事型，是情节的形式 分类，它标明情节开展的轨迹，显示情节的组织关系，线型情节又分为单线、复线和环型三 种子类型。单线顾名思义指只有单一线索的情节类型，多以一个单一连贯的故事为主，一般 情节紧凑，人物有限，结构简单。童话故事、民间故事和大局部短篇小说均属于这一类。非 线型情节类型是相对于线型情节而言的，是对传统的故事情节的一种冲击，非线型情节的趋 势之一就是情节的淡化。情节淡化主要

2、有以下几种基本特征：一是叙事文中会打乱时间顺序 和因果关系，从而淡化人物和情节；二是情节平淡、朦胧乃至支离破碎，故事成自然状态， 在情节淡化中，作品会有意无意地放弃“序幕、开端、开展、高潮、结局、尾声”的情节 模式，不以高潮和悬念取胜，表达的只是故事的自然流程；三是故事中非动作因素比重增大, 故事充满各种议论和感觉。读后续写是语言模仿与创造性使用的有机结合，是语言理解与产出交互协同、相互促进 的结果，有助于激发学生的想象力、创造力，到达以读促写、以写促读的外语学习效果。读 后续写的阅读材料一般以叙事性文本为主，故事情节多有曲折，故事线索清晰，逻辑性强。 目前学生在读后续写中存在的问题主要有续写

3、情节偏离主题、续文结构松散无序、语言知识 缺乏以表达思想等。情节在读后续写中占据十分重要的地位，一个好的情节会让人产生情 感共鸣与价值认同。然而，在续写过程中，学生往往会出现续写情节偏离主题、隐性话语（伏 笔）未能回应、内容薄弱、因果不清、时空混乱、角色引入失当、结局模糊与价值升华缺 失等现象，说明他们缺乏情节设置的基本策略。长此以往，学生难免会产生读后续写的畏 难情绪。为此，熟悉并使用读后续写的情节设置策略是考生取得读后续写成功的关键因素 之一。情节是叙事性文本的构成要素之一，由一系列相互关联的事件构成，是叙事性文本中最 为典型、最为生动的内容。解读叙事性文本，不仅应抓住情节的起因、开展、高

4、潮、结局， 更应抓住情节的内在冲突、矛盾等。一方面，高考续写内容主要集中在情节的高潮和结局部 分。此局部反映个体经验及思想上的困惑与冲突、危机的出现或转折、矛盾冲突以某种方 式得到解决及事件的最终结局。因而，合理的续写情节应包括矛盾冲突、危机转折、问题解【典型句式】【句型 1 It was a star made of branches, which must have taken hours to make.（由关系代词 which引导非限制性定语从句）【句型 2】I thought, Betsy, you are the one who showed me what real charit

5、y look like.（由关系 代词who引导限制性定语从句，由连接词what引导宾语从句作动词showed的宾语） 3.（2022.广东.二模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一 篇完整的短文。Music has always been an essential part of my family. As a little girl, I often watched my mom singing with others in the church. As I grew older, she and I would sing while we did the dis

6、hes or hung clothes. My brother Dean was also a musical soul. In good time or in bad, there was always music in our house. It shaped us, comforted us, and gave us a way to express feelings that might otherwise have gone unspoken.After Dean became a father, we learned that his oldest son was on the a

7、utism spectrum. My nephew Dj did not handle social situation well, and sometimes even for him to speak aloud outside the family was a struggle. He worked very hard to overcome his fears, so much so that the year he was eight, he decided he wanted to be part of the Christmas music program with the ot

8、her children in his Sunday school class. The part he had been offered was one that required him to sing a verse all on his own - a solo.My brother carefully explained to him that this would mean singing in front of the audience; there would be no one singing with him. Dj considered this very careful

9、ly. After a couple of days, he decided that he would accept the part. He explained to us that he believed he could do it because it was a very special occasion, and lie would practice until he was as perfect as he could be. He said he knew his daddy would help him to be the best singer possible.For

10、over a month, he and his father practiced together. Every evening would find them locked away in the music room, my brother on guitar, and my nephews small voice coming from somewhere deep down inside his little body. He gained confidence, and when the day of the concert arrived, he was certain all

11、would go well. My brother waited backstage, giving Dj double thumbs-up, and he came out lo sit with the rest of the family to watch and take photos. 注意：.续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When it was finally time for Dj to sing, the music played on, and he froze.Everyone turned to see who was singing, w

12、hile I knew it was my brother.【答案】When it was finally time for Dj to sinx, the music played on, and he froze. His little face grew pale, and we could see the panic in his eyes as the silence grew. The pianist started the music again but still nothing came out. The entire audience seemed to lean forw

13、ard in expectation. The silence seemed enormous. The whole family of us all staring at our little boy, hoping he would cheer up and act out his part. Then the pianist started over again, and a low voice filled the air, singing the song.Everyone turned to see who was sinRina, while I knew it was my m

14、othn匚 My mother and I were fixed on the little angel on stage. The color came back to his face, and his eyes began to sparkle. He opened his mouth and began to sing along, his little voice growing stronger with each word. The show ended with thunderous applause, with the kids bowing dramatically, ac

15、cepting their praise for a job well done. I turned to my brotha with tears in my eyes. I knew at that time no words needed to be spoken; the understanding between us was louder than the applause that night.【写作解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的侄子Dj患有自闭症，不善于处理社交 场合，有时甚至对他来说，在家庭之外大声说话都是一件困难的事情。但他努力地克服自己 的恐惧，以至于在他八岁那

16、年，他决定要和主日学校的其他孩子一起参加圣诞音乐工程。给 他的角色要求他独唱一段。演出当天，Dj因为紧张无法发声，最后在作者母亲的带动下， 顺利完成了演出。.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“当Dj终于该唱歌的时候，音乐响起，他愣住了。”可知，第一段可描 写Dj因为紧张在舞台上无法发声，这时一个消沉的声音唱着这首歌。由第二段首句内容“每个人都转过身来看看是谁在唱歌，而我知道那是我的母亲。”可知， 第二段可描写Dj在作者母亲的带动下完成演出。.续写线索：Dj恐慌Dj无法演唱母亲带着Dj完成演出.词汇激活行为类：（1）看着：stare at/look at； （2）希望：hope/in the hope

17、 of； （3）结束：end with/end up with情绪类：（1）有力的：thunderous/powerful； （2）赞美：praise/compliment【典型句式】句型 1 His little face grew pale, and we could see the panic in his eyes as the silence grew.（运用 了 as引导时间状语从句）句型 2 The whole family of us were all staring at our little boy, hoping he would cheer up and act out

18、 his part.（运用了现在分词作状语）决和最终结局。另一方面，高考读后续写不是独立存在的，它是已有叙事情节的延续，这就 要求学生在主题、情感、人物和事件等方面与已有情节保持一致。读后续写中，学生可以 利用如下步骤进行故事的情节分析及设置：.研读续写源语篇，确定故事话题与主题读后续写，首先在于“读:“读”的一个重要意图在于确定材料的主题。主题也称之 为“中心思想”，是语篇的灵魂。因此，续写情节应紧紧围绕主题这个核心，突显主题的 现实价值和情感意义。主题确实定有两条途径：一是提炼，二是感悟。认识事物是由浅入深、 由表及里的过程。我们要对已有材料进 行分析、归纳、筛选，并从不同的角度进行比拟鉴

19、 别，去粗取精，由感性到理性，这样才能提炼 出事物的本质和深刻的主题。感悟来自苦思 而产生的灵感。苦思的过程就是对材料信息进行去伪存真、由表及里的感悟过程。主题始 终蕴藏着作者的意图或价值取向。主题一般包括中心内容与价值取向两个方面。中心内容是 文章所负载的信息。价值取向是作者想要通过作品传达的思想。作者可能会用标题、一个 词、一句话或一段话呈现主题，而学生需要敏锐地获取这些关键信息以提炼出主题及作者的 价值取向。一般来说，作者的价值取向包括历史意义、伦理意义、人生意义、现实价 值、 情感价值等。.寻找语篇的隐性话语，发现隐藏在故事背后的问题隐性话语（隐性话语（伏笔）是上文看似无关紧要的事或物

20、，对下文将要出现的人物 或事件预先作出的某种提示或暗示。隐性话语（伏笔）有以下三种作用：为故事的展开服务, 给予读者暗示；制造悬念，提高读 者继续阅读的兴趣；强调伏线必须有始有终，前文的迹 象提示必在后文中表达。阅读材料中的隐性话语（伏笔）在续写局部得以表达，才能使得 续 文情节合情合理，即学生在续写中要遵循“寻找隐性话语（伏笔）一回应隐性话语（伏 笔）”的写作规那么。然而，隐性话语（伏笔）经常零星散落在试题材料中，不易觉察。有时, 试题材料中看似“闲笔”之处却是重要的伏笔信息。学生如何才能精准地找出“潜伏”在 试 题材料中的隐性话语（伏笔）？通过梳理历次高考读后 续写试题材料，我们发现，隐性

21、话 语（伏笔）通常表达在特 定的人、物（事件）、语言、情感、主人公期待和反常情境六个方 面。通过关注这六个方面，我们就能找到隐性话语（伏笔），进而通过回应隐性话语（伏 笔）来设置合理的情节。需要注意的是，试题材料中可能会有很多隐性话语（伏笔），而续 写内容不可能回应 所有隐性话语（伏笔），这就需要学生选取有助于推动情 节开展或能突 显试题材料价值取向的隐性话语（伏笔）来 设置情节。例如，以2021年6月浙江卷读后 续写试题的隐性话语（伏笔）及其回应为例进行详细阐述：【物（事件）】隐性话语（伏笔）：My dad earned money to pay family expenses from a

22、ge 14.I didnt really understand his world. I thought that I would surpass anything he had accomplished after high school gradua- tion.(4)1 planned to do with the pay as I wished.I wasnt interested more work.1 understood immediately what my parents were worried about. the truck回应：He exerted all his e

23、nergies to support the family without any bitter words. I now understand all the efforts my dad put into the family.(3)1 would never surpass what my dad did for the family due to my little responsibility tak- en for the household.I decided to contribute all my money to mend the truck instead of buyi

24、ng a new basket- ball.That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true meaning of growing up.My parents had intended to fix the bro- ken truck but couldnt get enough money to afford it.通过梳理试题材料中人、物(事件)、语言、情感、主人公期待及反常情境等隐性话语 (伏笔)信息，我们能够快速把握叙事的情节，找到

25、矛盾冲突的原因，进而发现亟待解决 的问题。.丰富故事情节的内涵，突出问题解决的实际意义历次高考读后续写试题材料多为遇险脱困、生活趣事等常见的个体经历，其情节主线并 不复杂。学生三言两语便能写完情节主线内容，而这又引发了另一个问题：学生写出的情 节徒有主线骨架，并无“血肉”。例如，2021年新高考I卷读后续写试题中写完Jenna和 Je什做好早餐送到母亲床前，看着母亲吃完早餐的时候，是否就应该结束续写呢？其实不然。 我们还可以从环境、心理、动作、语言和情感等五个方面着手，丰富情节内容，推动问题的 解决。.聚焦事件发生始末，确保叙事的层次性叙事文本就是表达人物活 动、事件发生经过、作者抒发情感的语

26、篇，其结构一般遵循 以下三种顺序：(1)时间顺序：叙事主要用来表达过去发生的事件，这个 事件既可以是真实的，也 可以是虚构的。叙事的特点是，叙事中事件发生的时间顺序就是事件实际发生的时间顺序。 如果表达的时间发生改变，那么表达的事件也会发生相应改变。例如：事件一： On the way home full of excitement, I thought about how to make use of the “hugesum of money/l need a new football in the future.I whispered to myself. Approaching my

27、house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad.事件二： On the way home full of excitement, I thought about how to make use of the “huge”sum of money Approaching my house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad/I need a n

28、ew football in the future.事件一是基于2021年6月浙江卷读后续写试题材料进行的续写，其传递的是作者可 能会改变钱的用途，将钱用于解决家里的困难。而事件二那么恰恰相反，其传递出作者即便 知道了家里的困难，仍然想买新足球的想法。事件一、二传达的意义之所以大相径庭，原 因就在于改变了表达的时间。（2）空间顺序：叙事文本尤其是关于景物的叙事文本，常常会出现空间位移的现象， 这在一定程度上是 由于景物都是以一定的空间为背景的。空间位移一般可以分为两种：一 种是以作者的位置 为中心，推向其他人或物的位置；另一种是作者在行动中，按行动路线 所涉及的空间逐个叙事状物，即人们常说的“

29、移步换形: 例如：（2018 年 6 月浙江卷读后续写）I knew we had gotten hopelessly lost. After seemingly ages, there came a loud cry of my dad. As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice. Dad, I m here! ” Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited.（2021 年 6 月浙江卷读后续写）0n the way home full of excitement,

30、I thought about how to make use of the “huge sum of money. Approaching my house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad. That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true mean- ing of growing up.（3）情感顺序：情感顺

31、序指将客观事物固有的逻辑关系巧妙地组合在思想情感开展的线 索中，组成一个层次式的语篇，表达了人在认识事物过程中的情感变化与不断成长的心路历 程，以及面对矛盾冲突时的思想转变和情感变化。情感层次的不断提升不仅有助于推动情 节的开展、矛盾冲突的解决，更有助于突显语篇的情感价值，进一步升华主题。例如：（2021 年 6 月浙江卷读后续写）From age 14, my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses. I didnt really understand his world either. At home, my dad said, “A j

32、obs a big step to growing up. Tm glad you will be contributing to the household. ,9My dads words made me realize that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished. My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasnt interested. I decided it was not fai

33、r that I had to contribute my money.I understood immediately what my parents were worried about. My parents had intended to buy a new truck but couldnt get enough money to afford it. Suddenly, I realized what I should do my part in the family responsibilities. Hold- ing the money, I saidJDad, here i

34、s what I got for my work I hope it would help. That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true mean- ing of growing up.2021年6月浙江卷读后续写试题材料表达出作者情感层次的不断递进和升华。首先， 语篇描写了作者情感的第一层次一自私。作者不理解为何父亲从小就赚钱养家，对父亲暗 示他要将打 工赚来的钱用于补贴家用较为抵触。两周后,作者便萌生了不愿再工作的想法, 并认为将自

35、己辛苦赚来的钱用于补贴家用是不公平的。接着，语篇描写了作者情感的第二 层次责任。当作者意识到父母因没有足够的钱购买全家赖以生存的卡车而担忧时，他 主动把赚来的钱交给父母。最后，语篇描写了作者情感的第三层次成长。作者决定继续 工作，主动承当起一份家庭责任。上述语篇通过情感描写的不断递进，既推动了情节的发 展，又突显了主题。.基于故事进展引入新角色，以合理解决矛盾冲突续写内容中最主要的情节就是故事的高潮局部。所谓高潮就是矛盾冲突激化最激烈、涉 事各方最终角力即将分出胜负的关键节点。一旦矛盾冲突得以解决，叙事就走向结局。在有 些情形下，主人公会碰到自己无法解 决的矛盾冲突，此时就需要叙事材料中其他涉

36、 事人或 物来帮助主人公走出困境。如果协助 主人公走出困境的其他人或物已在试题材料中出现, 我们称之为介质。介质在高考读后续写试题中经常出现。介质就是作者安排的某个人物或 事件为下一个人物或事件的出现埋 下的隐性话语(伏笔)。如果协助主人公走出困境的人 物 或事件没有出现在试题材料中，或试题材料只是暗示这一人物或事件即将出现，我们称之 为第三方角色。第三方角色引入的唯一目的就是帮助主人公脱离困境，使叙事朝着主人所 期待的结局开展。例如，2020年7月浙江卷读后续写试题最后解决人熊大战这一矛盾冲突 的第三方角色是护林员(rangers)。护林员这个角色虽然在所给材料中并未出现，但试题材料 已对其

37、进行了暗示 “I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way.，叙事情节中矛盾冲突的解决要遵循“意料之外，情理之中”的原那么，即无论作 者 设计的情节多么惊险曲折，介质的回应或第 三方角色的引入必须合乎情理，并能助力问题 的解决。.点明人物或故事的结局，回应源语篇的隐性话语结局是指一系列事件的结束，包括人或物 的下场、目的的实现或失败等。叙事的结局 是指主要矛盾冲突解决后至故事结束的阶段。在此阶段，事件最终以符合主人公 预期的结 局收尾，即便结局不符合主人公预期，那也对主人公有着重要的意义或

38、价值。结局是建立在 开端、开展、高潮基础上的对整个故事情节所做的最后完结和交待，其不是孤立存在的，具 有不可替代性。结局假设设置巧妙那么 对作品的内容、主旨都具有画龙典型句式之用；结局假设 草率结束那么成狗尾续貂之憾。结局的设置有虚实两种情况。虚的结局是指作者不直截了当 告知读者事件的准确结局，而是留有空间让读者去想象；实的结局是指作者明确告知读者 事件的结局。例如，在2018年6月浙江卷读后续写试题中，对于“we能否找到回农 场的路，虚的结局可以设置为“And just when all hope seemed lost, anxious shouts were heard in the d

39、istance with torches coming into sight. ，实的结局那么可以设置为 “Finally, Uncle Paul found us and we were back, safe and sound. 因此，成功的结局只是叙事活动在时空上的暂 时停止，其文本的现实价值与精神意义由读者去想象和阐释，从而赋予文本更长久的生命 力。. （2022.江苏盐城.三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构 成一篇完整的短文。From the time I was old enough to help on our Indiana farm, I knew

40、 what my father expected of me. Three generations of men in my family were doctors. I heard stories of the lives my grandfather had saved and I heard similar tales about my father. As Dad grew ever more godlike in my mind, so did the force of the expectation that I would follow in the family traditi

41、on.But as college neared, I began to feel that becoming a doctor was not what I really wanted to do. I didnt dare tell him about my uncertainty. With the weight heavy on my mind the summer before college, I was given a challenge that I hoped would be a distraction.Dad kept several bird dogs which I

42、trained on our farm. As usual, Dad turned Jerry over to me. See what you can do with him J he said.I didnt anticipate problems. Jerry was a willing dog of about ten months. The first part of his training was easy. He mastered the basics: sit, stay, down, walk. His only problem was come. Id call Jerr

43、y! Here! He would turn and look at me, then go on about his business. In the following days, I noticed he would just take off through the grass, fast as a wild thing. Despite my intense desire to train him well, I began to feel a strange sense of joy when he ran.“Why wont he do what I want him to?”

44、I asked myself. I had never failed with a dog before, but I was surely failing now. When September came, I finally had to tell Dad that this bird dog wouldnt hunt. The thought that I had failed us both made me guilty.“Son, I know this dog doesnt do what he should,“ he said, but what he does do is so

45、mething he likes. He continued to look at me firmly. For a moment I felt he could see into my very heart. 注意：L续写词数应为150左右；.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。“Dad, I dont think I can do medicine J I took a solid breath.He gave me a tight hug, said good night and left me.【答案】“Dad, I don 7 think I can do medicine,MI t

46、ook a solid breath. Hearing this, he lowered his eyes, obviously disappointed. He appeared so sad that I almost felt close to tears. But to my great relief, his face lit up when he looked at me again. Staring at Jerry beside his feet, he said gently, “Think about Jory, son. You expected him to be th

47、e hunter you trained him to be. But he just isnt It is a good thing, and now we911 just wait to see how you run.”He gave me a tight hug, said good night and left me. At that moment I understood my father as I never had before, and the love and trust I felt seemed to fill the room. I looked at Jerry,

48、 asleep, his legs stretching suddenly as if to be running even in his dreams. To him, running was a great honor and birds no longer mattered to him. To me, being a doctor is not my ideal choice, but new ones await me in the future.【写作解析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在家庭的影响下，选择了成为医生。但是 随着大学临近，作者开始觉得成为一名医生并不是自己真正想做

49、的事情。结果父亲从作者训 狗这件事中，觉察到了作者并不喜欢学医，并表示支持作者选择自己喜欢的事业。.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“，爸爸，我觉得不能学医，我深深吸了口气”可知，第一段可描写父亲听 到作者的话后的反响以及表示对作者选择的理解。由第二段首句内容“他紧紧地拥抱了我，道了晚安就离开了我。”可知，第二段可描写作者 听了父亲的话后的心理活动以及感悟。.续写线索：告诉父亲内心感受一父亲表示理解作者感动作者感悟.词汇激活行为类:(1)深呼吸：take a solid breath / take a deep breath； (2)在旁边:beside /next to； (3) 重要：matte

50、r/count情绪类：(1)悲伤：sad/sorrowful； (2)理想：ideal/dream【典型句式】句型 1 Hearing this, he lowered his eyes, obviously disappointed.(运用 了现在分词作状语) 句型 2 He appeared so sad that T almost felt close to tears.(运用 了结果状语从句)2.(2022河北模拟预测)阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构 成一篇完整的短文。The winter of 1933. All around us was rough re

51、ality. Lots of folks found themselves penniless. But life went on.New Year was almost upon us. One day Mr. Breiten, our teacher; had a bright idea to cheer us up. With a big smile he proudly announced a gift exchange game. We each pulled a slip of paper with a name on it.Maxine had selected Fleener.

52、 Hildes name was on my slip of paper. My mom was a genius with a needle and thread, and I knew shed sew something up. When we figured out who had my name, I about fainted. It was Betsy! Her family was poorer than the rest of usWhat am I going to do, Maxine, when my name is called? Stand up there loo

53、king stupid while everyone is watching me? That Betsy should not even have taken a name!”Finally the date for the big program arrived. When I reached Maxines house to meet her, her mother called us to see what Maxines aunt had sent. A pair of red gloves was out on the table. “Oh, Maxine screamed wit

54、h delight. Look at the angels!” She pulled off her worn brown gloves and slipped her hand into the new one.“Snow angel gloves J she breathed. Oh, Delores. Look!”Tve never seen anything so beautiful in my whole life, I sighed. Well, I was happy for Maxine, but the sight of those gloves made me feel e

55、ven sorrier for myself.Then the gift exchange began. One name was called and then another Kids jumped up, laughing happily. When Hildes name was called, I fished in my pocket for the little doll Mom had made.“Betsy, Mr. Breiten called. I saw Betsy stand up hesitantly. Then Maxine stood up!I caught Maxines arm. Ybu have Fleener,I reminded her. I traded with him,“ she whispered as she walked over and handed her gift to Betsy. Betsy carefully unfolded the package. My eyes popped out. Maxines red snow angel gloves lay in Betsys pahns. She was spee