英语国家概况教案Lesson

1、文档编码 : CS8K2R2Q4F7 HO8X6W2X7L5 ZG10Z1S10Q9V2学习好资料 欢迎下载南 京 交 通 职 业 技 术 学 院 教案老师 姓名 授课 日期授课章节 名称教学 目的尹亮宇授课112071/2022 授课讲授班级112031/2032 形式授课年 月日第周80minutes 时数Unit Two History A Brief History of the USA Acquires a general idea about the history of the USA. Learn about the major stages and important fig

2、ures in American history. Find out the influence of American history on other English-speaking countries.The War of Independence （美国独立战争）教学Territorial Expansion （领土扩张）重点The Civil War （南北战争）Rapid Growth of Economy （ 经济的飞速增长）教学 难点English Colonial America 1067-1776 Forming of the USA 1776-1849 The Civi

3、l War 1861-1865 更新、补充、补充： Case study 删除：补充阅读删节内容使用 多媒体教室学习好资料 欢迎下载教具课外 作业1. Memorize the words and phrases. 2. P.54 I. 3. Supplementary Reading.课后 体会授课主要内容IRevision: 10学习好资料欢迎下载1. Revise the content of Lesson3. 2. Oral homework： What s your impression of the USA . 可以适当的用中文 II. New Lesson: 60 PartI.

4、Word Box（省略）Part II. Text 1Pre-Colonial America：Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Con

5、tinent. Amerigo Vespucci, another navigator proved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him.（详细）2English Colonial America 1067-1776： By 1750, nealry 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in serach of

6、 religious freedomThe most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth in 1620, built the Plymouth colony.（详细）3Forming of the USA 1776-1849The War of Independence（概述）4Territorial expansion （概述）5The Civil War 18611

7、865 （概述）6Rapid Growth of Economy 18651918（概述）7Post-World War I and Great Depression 19181940（略详）8World War II 1939-1945 （概述）III.Consolidation: 9（回忆本课所学内容,争辩并拓宽思维）Discuss the following questions in groups and make an oral report to the class. 1. How was the United States of America founded. 2. How di

8、d the USA become the richest country in the world. What are the reasons of the fall of the UK and the rise of the USA. 3. Case Study The Special Relationship Between the UK and the USA 学习好资料 欢迎下载4. Military cooperation 5. -The unparalleled level of military co-operation began with the creation of th

9、e Combined Chiefs of Staff in December 1941, a military command with authority over all American and British operations. This cooperation has increased steadily since the early 1950s when military contacts were re-established . IV. Homework: 1 Supplementary Reading.4. P.59 I说明：老师备课笔记由学校自订式样并附后Unit 2

10、 HistoryLesson 4A Brief History of the USA IRevision: Oral homework： What s your impression of the USA . 可以适当的用中文 学习好资料 欢迎下载参考资料MountRashmore Mount Rushmore National Memorial, near Keystone, South Dakota, is a monumental granite sculpture by Gutzon Borglum, with 60-foot 18 m sculptures of the heads

11、of former United States presidents left to right: George Washington 17321799, Thomas Jefferson 17431826, Theodore Roosevelt 18581919, and Abraham Lincoln 18091865. Abraham Lincoln The 16th President of the United States, who guided his country through the most devastating experience in its national

12、history-the Civil War. US Coat of Arms The Great Seal of the United States is used to authenticate certain documents issued by the United States federal government. The Great Seal was first used publicly in 1782. The design on the obverse of the great seal is the national coat of arms of the United

13、States. It is officially used on documents such as United States passports, military insignia, embassy placards, and various flags. Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Delano Roosevelt January 30, 1882 April 12, 1945, often referred to by his initials FDR, was the thirty-second President of the United State

14、s. Elected to four terms in office, he served from 1933 to 1945 and is the only U.S. president to have served more than two terms. He was a central figure of the 20th century during a time of worldwide economic crisis and world war, and has been ranked as one of the three greatest US presidents in s

15、cholarly surveys. II.New Lesson: PartI.Word BoxPart II. Text Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the USA by referring to the following chart. Time Major Incidents HistoricPeriods English Colonial America 14931776 the voyage of the Mayflower Ship the immigration of the P

16、uritans Forming of the USA 17761849 Boston Tea Party War of Independence Civil War 18611865 Issueof Emancipation Proclamation liberation of black slaves Rapid Growth of Economy 18651940 World War I; the Great Depression World War II 19391945 The attack on Pearl Harbor The set-up of the United Nation

17、s 1. Pre-Colonial America 1. Who first came to America and how did they come there.学习好资料 欢迎下载People migrated from Asia via Bering Land Bridge some 2022 years ago. They are called Native Americans. 2. Who was the first European to set foot on the new world. Why did he name the local people Indians. C

18、hristopher Columbus came to Puerto Rico in 1492 and named the local people Indians 3. Who proved that the land was not India. Amerigo Vespucciproved that the land was not India, therefore the land was named America after him. The present-day United States was originally populated by people migrating

19、 from Asia via the Bering land bridge（白令海峡大陆桥） starting some 20,000 years ago. These people became the indigenous people who inhabited the Americas before the arrival of European explorers and who are now called Native Americans. Christopher Columbus was the first European to set foot on what would

20、one day become U.S. territory when he came to Puerto Rico in 1492. He thought he had reached India, so he named the local people Indians, not knowing that he had discovered a New Continent. Amerigo Vespucci（亚美瑞格 .韦斯普奇） , another navigator（航海家） proved that the land was not India, therefore the land w

21、as named America after him. 2. English Colonial America 1067-1776 1. Where was the first colony founded. 2. How many colonies did the British establish along the east coast of North America. 3. Why did puritans leave their own countries. 4. How did they establish the Plymouth colony. The first Engli

22、sh colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown 詹姆士镇 , Virginia in 1607. Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North America. By 1750, nearly 2 million people were living in these colonies, many of whom were Puritans who left their own countries in sear

23、ch of religious freedom The most typical example was the voyage of the Mayflower ship, which carried the Pilgrims across the Atlantic Ocean and arrived at Plymouth普利茅斯 in 1620, built the Plymouth colony. From 1630 to 1643, the great Puritan migration brought about 20,000 Englishmen to the Massachuse

24、tts Bay colony. 北美洲原为印第安人聚居地；15 世纪末,西班牙、荷兰、法国、英国等国开头向北美洲移民； 1606 年英国在北美建起第一个城市詹姆斯,后进展为弗吉尼亚殖民地；17世纪和 18 世纪上半叶,英国殖民者先后在东起大西洋沿 岸,西至阿巴拉契亚山脉之间建立了 13 个殖民地,残暴屠杀当地印第安人,并从非洲掠来大批黑人充当奴隶；学习好资料 欢迎下载3. Forming of the USA 1776-1849The War of Independence 1. What is the prelude of the War of Independence and how di

25、d it happen. 2. What is the process of the war. In 1774, the First Continental Congresswas held in Philadelphia and Colonial militia unitswere organized. The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 started the War of Independence A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were fo

26、unded. Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence. In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America. 3. What is the main characteristic of the constitution of the USA. 4. How did the USArealize its territorial

27、 expansion. The prelude -With the rapid economic development, people of the 13 colonies desired more power to determine their own business, while the British government wanted to bring the development under control and to collect more taxes from the colonies. -In order to help the British East India

28、 Company out of difficulty, the British government allowed the company to sell tea at a lower price in the colonies through its own people. -This took away the tea business from American tea merchants. This unfair treatment led to the famous Boston Tea Party（波士顿倾茶大事） in 1773 which was considered as

29、the prelude of the War of Independence. The War of Independence -In September 1774, the First Continental Congress（第一届大陆会议）was held in Philadelphia, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. Colonial militia units（民兵部队） were organized. -The shot at Lexington on April 19, 1775 starte

30、d the War of Independence. Three weeks later, at the Second Continental Congress the delegates agreed to support the war. A Continental Army and Navy under the command of George Washington were founded. Thomas Jefferson of Virginia drafted the Declaration of Independence which was adopted on July 4,

31、 1776. In 1783, the British army was defeated and the British government recognized the Independence of the United States of America. United States Constitution The new United States Constitution favored a representative, elective government to replace the existing monarchical structures. The system

32、 of republicanism placed a primacy upon individual liberty and upon constraining the power of government through division of powers and a system of checks and balances. George Washington became the first President of the United States. 1775 年,波士顿人民武装起义, 打响了北美人民抗击英国殖民统治的独立战争的第一枪；学习好资料 欢迎下载1776 年其次次大陆

33、会议在费城召开,会议准备组成大陆军, 由华盛顿任总司令, 并通过独立宣言,正式宣布建立美利坚合众国；1783 年美国独立战争终止,英国被迫承认美国独立；1787 年通过联邦宪法, 次年底举办第一次选举, 华盛顿当选第一任总统； 1789年联邦政府成立； 18121814 年其次次美、英战争后,美国完全摆脱英国的统治；Territorial expansion -It forced England to give up Old Northwest, and Spain to open the Mississippi River. 美国人适使英国舍弃了旧西北地区.,使西班牙开放密西西比河,-It

34、bought Louisiana from Napoleon, which almost doubled its territory. -After the War with Mexico, Mexico was forced to give up California and New Mexico -In 1830, the Indian Removal Act authorized the president to negotiate treaties that exchanged Indian tribal lands in the eastern states for lands we

35、st of the Mississippi River. -From 1789 to 1849, the territory of the United States was greatly enlarged. 19 世纪初,随着资本主义的快速进展,美国统治阶级开头对外扩张；1803 年美国利用拿破仑在海地战败之机,购买了法国在北美的殖民地路易斯安那；1812 年美国向西扩展,侵占印第安人土地；1818 年和 1819 年,美国分别向英国和西班牙购买了北达科他州的部分土地和佛罗里达；1845 年侵占了墨西哥的得克萨斯； 翌年,美国以边界大事为借口,向墨西哥宣战,墨西哥被迫 1848 年将其北部

36、 230 万平方千米的土地 即今加利福尼亚、亚利桑那、内华达、犹他、新墨西哥、科罗拉多等州 出售 给美国； 19 世纪中后期,美国又将其入侵扩张伸向海外；1867 年美国用 720 万美元向沙俄购买了阿拉斯加和阿留申群岛；1898 年兼并夏威夷,又通过对西班牙的战争把握了古巴,并夺取了西属波多黎各、关岛和菲律宾；1903 年占据了中途岛,霸占了巴拿马水道；1917年迫使丹麦“ 出让” 维尔京群岛；在 1776 年后的 100 余年内,美国领土几乎扩张了 10 倍；4.The Civil War 1861 1865 1. What caused the Civil War. 2. When Ab

37、raham Lincoln was elected President, what did the Southern states do. 3. How did Lincoln lead the Union gaining the victory of the war. In the middle of the 19th century, white Americans of the North and South were unable to reconcile fundamental differences in their approach to government, economic

38、s, society and 学习好资料 欢迎下载African American slavery. When Abraham Lincoln was elected President, the Southern states broke away and established a rebel government, the Confederate States of America, on February 9, 1861. The Civil War broke out on April 12, 1861. President Abraham Lincoln won support f

39、or the Union at home and abroad by making the war a just war against slavery. He issued the famous Emancipation Proclamation. Thus England and France stood by the Unions side, and many blacks joined the Union army. On November 19, 1863, Lincoln made another famous speech at Gettysburg. After a serie

40、s of battles, the Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, and five days later Lincoln was shot dead. In December, the Thirteenth Amendment, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution. 美国北部的资本主义获得快速进展,但南部仍保持着使用黑人奴隶劳动的农业经济；19世纪 30 岁月初兴起美国废奴运动；1860 年反对黑奴制度的共和党人 .林肯当选总统；次年南 部 奴隶 主发动 叛 乱

41、,南北战争爆发；1862 年 9 月,林肯颁布解放黑奴宣言；1865 年战争以北方获胜终止,为资本主义在全美国的进展扫清了道路；5.Rapid Growth of Economy 18651918 1. What helped the USA grow rapidly. 2. What did the Progressive Movement demand. 3. What was the reform of President Theodore Roosevelt. 4. Why did the USA stand neutral during the First World War. 5.

42、 Why did it declare the war on Germany. After the Civil War, the United States experienced a tremendous growth in industry, agriculture, science, and technology, and population. -firstly the political environment was stable; -secondly the free slaves together with the immigrants from Europe and Asia

43、 offered a strong labor force; -Thirdly science and invention played a very important role in America s industrial development; -By 1900, the production of steel and coal both ranked the first in the world. With the development of the economy, there also arose a number of social problems. The Progre

44、ssive Movement began, demanding government regulation of the economic, social and political conditions. President Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 strengthened federal regulation of the railroads and enforced the Sherman Antitrust Act against several large corporations. He also promoted conservation, wi

45、th large reserves of forest land, coal, oil, mineral and water saved for future generations. During the First World War, the United Sates stood neutral in name while selling large quantities of arms and offering bank loans to Britain and France. The United States declared war on Germany on April 6,

46、1917. 学习好资料 欢迎下载When the war ended on November 11, 1918, the US was one of the big Four the US, Britain, France and Italy to enjoy the interest division of the defeated countries. 美国史学界一般把 1900 年1917 年间美国所发生的政治、经济和社会改革运动统称进步运动；在性质上,进步运动是以中产阶级为主体、有社会各阶层参与的资产阶级改革运动,目的在于排除美国从“ 自由” 资本主义过渡到垄断资本主义所引起的种种社会

47、弊端,重建社会价值体系和经济秩序；在内容上, 进步运动同时在联邦、 州和市三级开放,从政治上的争取妇女选举权、市政改革到经济领域的反托拉斯运动,从救济穷人和改善工人待遇的社会正义运动到自然资源爱惜,囊括社会生活的各个方面,影响深远；6.Post-World War I and Great Depression 19181940 1. How did the historians describe the 1920s in the US. 2. Can you describe the Great Depression in the US. 3.How did President Frankli

48、n Roosevelt help America out of the depression. Following World War I, the U.S. grew steadily in stature as an economic and military world power. It enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity: farm prices and wages fell while industrial profits grew. In 1932, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passed a

49、number of acts to prevent the possible collapse of the American economic and political system. He did successfully get America out of the depression during his tenure of office. 7. World War II 1939 1945 1. What was the attitude of the US during the World War II at the beginning. 2. Why did the US t

50、ake part in the War. 3. What are the principles of the US diplomacy. As with World War I, the United States had bound the country to neutrality. Its decision to declare war followed Japans surprise attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941. Four days after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on December 11,

51、 Nazi Germany declared war on the United States. There were two guiding principles of the wartime American diplomacy: to win the war; to establish a postwar political structure in accord with American interests and to prevent the Soviet Union from over-expansion. 8.American Society During Postwar Bo

52、om 1. Can you describe the economic boom of the US after WWII. 2. What are the cornerstones of the postwar economic boom. 3. Which were related to the upsurge in births. After WWII, the United States entered a period of economic boom. -The cornerstones were the automobile, housing, and defense indus

53、tries. -Economy grew at an average rate of 3.5 percent per year n in 1970. -Nation s GNP rose from just over $200 billion in 1946 to close to $1 trillio学习好资料 欢迎下载-From 1946 to 1961, over 63.5 million babies were born. Of the three cornerstones of the postwar economic boom, two were related to the up

54、surge in births. -The first was a construction boom to provide houses and schools for all these children. -the second was automobile manufacturing for the growing new communities. -The third was military spending. When the Defense Department was established in 1949, the nation spent about $13 billio

55、n a yearon defense. By 1951, its budget was over $22 billion, and it has been going up ever since. Case Study The Special Relationship Between the UK and the USA Military cooperation -The unparalleled level of military co-operation began with the creation of the Combined Chiefs of Staff in December

56、1941, a military command with authority over all American and British operations. This cooperation has increased steadily since the early 1950s when military contacts were re-established . Intelligence sharing -The special relationship has maintained ties in collecting and sharing intelligence since

57、 World War II. This aspect of the relationship originally grew from the common goal of monitoring and countering the threat of communism. Economic policy -The United States is the largest source of Foreign Direct Investment to the UK economy, likewise the United Kingdom is the largest single investo

58、r in the US economy. British trade and capital have been important components of the American economy since its colonial inception. Public opinion -A June 2022 poll by Populus for The Times showed that the number of Britons agreeing that it is important for Britainlong-term security that we have a close and special relationship with America had fallen to 58% fro