深圳电大 29主谓一致课件

1、Unit 29Agreement of subject and verb主语和谓语的一致主谓一致的定义：指的是主语和谓语在人称和数的方面取得一致的问题。主谓一致的分类及用法：1.语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 2.就近原则 (principle of proximity) 3.意义一致原则 (notional concord) 主语和谓语的一致语法一致原则: 用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。 也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。Her job has something to d

2、o with computers. Twins were watching themselves in the mirror.主语和谓语的一致就近一致原则:谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。 1. 连词 not only.but also, neither.nor, or, either.or, not.but Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film. Either he or I am to attend the students meeting.主语和谓语的一致Neither the stud

3、ents nor the teacher knows anything about it. The girls or their brother is coming.Not only one but all of us are hoping to be there. 主语和谓语的一致意义一致原则: 指的是必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。1.由and/both.and连接的并列结构作主语，可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式。当主语是and/both.and连接的两个或两个以上的名词时，若指代不同事物，则需用复数谓语。Cathy and

4、her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada. 主语和谓语的一致当and连接的两个名词指同一人、同一事或同一概念时，and后面那个名词前没有冠词，谓语动词用单数。The poet and writer has come. Iron and steel industry plays an important role in our national economy.The food and textile industry depends mainly on agriculture for raw material.当and连接两个都有冠词的名词作

5、主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The teacher and the writer are respected by all the people around.主语和谓语的一致形容词and形容词名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Social and political freedom are limited there. 用and连接的单数名词，前面有each, every, many a, no修饰语时，谓语要用单数。Every hour and every minute is important.Every man，woman, and child is entitled to take par

6、t in the activity. Each pen and each paper is found in its place.主语和谓语的一致2.名词或代词后跟with, along with, more than, except, besides, as well as, together with, in addition to, no less than, rather than, as much as等引起的结构时，谓语动词随结构前的名词或代词的形式而定。A woman with two children is over there at the bus stop. The oce

7、an, as well as the gulf, provides good fishing. My husband, more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again. Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident. 主语和谓语的一致3.each, either, neither, any, no, every构成的代词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式。Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitca

8、se.Is there anything I can do for you?Somebody is using the phone. Theres really nothing to be said.Each of the books costs ten dollars.No one but myself knows anything about it.主语和谓语的一致4.以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题: 数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量，如 two years, five seconds, three kilos,等另一类是非确定数量，如all of., some of., no

9、ne of.。如果用这类表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，会产生主谓一致问题。 1)以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语 表示时间、距离、重量、价格、度量衡的复数名词或短语作主语表示一个整体概念时，谓语一般用单数。Five hours is a short time for such a difficult job. Ten miles is a long way to walk.主语和谓语的一致The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask. A total of 50,000 new bicycles was

10、registered in the year. 主语和谓语的一致两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数； 两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。Sixty minus seventeen (60-17) leaves forty-three.Forty-two divided by six(42/6) is seven. Six and eight (6+8) makes/make fourteen. Six times eight (6x8) is/are forty-eight. 如果主语由“one in/one out of + 复数名词” 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。One in

11、ten(1/10) students has passed the examination. One out of twelve(1/12) bottles was broken. 2)以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题如果主语是由“many a +名词 或“more/less than one +名词构成，随后的动词用单数。 Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film. 主语和谓语的一致Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break. More

12、than one ship was lost this year. Less than one minute is left.如果主语是all of, some of, many of, both of, few of, a few of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, loads of, plenty of, several of, the rest of 等表示非确定数量的名词词组，谓语动词的单、复数形式根据 of词组中名词类别而定。All of the cargo was lost.Some of the books were badly tor

13、n.主语和谓语的一致Most of the university students have part-time jobs to finance their tuition.None of my friends ever come to see me. Half of the building was destroyed during the war. Lots of people are waiting outside. Plenty of water was prepared for irrigation.Few of my friends are for this idea.主语和谓语的

14、一致Several of the workers went home sick.Both of us decided to walk home.The rest of the money was stolen by his son.如果主语由 “a part of, a series of, a pile of+名词”或由“a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+名词” 构成，谓语动词通常用单数。A pile of wood was set beside the fireplace.A part of reports is deceiving.

15、This kind of cars is rather expensive. This type of women is dangerous. 主语和谓语的一致a number(许多) +n +复数；the number (数量) +n +单数 A number of people complained about the poor lighting in the museum.The number of skilled workers is small.5.主语是由不定式、动名词、从句构成的，谓语动词采用单数。To learn a foreign language is not easy.

16、Working with you is pleasant. Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure. 主语和谓语的一致6.名词化的形容词作主语时要看主语的具体情况:1)看作复数（指一批人，动词用复数） The wounded were sent home. The old are taken good care of here. 2)看作单数The true is to be distinguished from the false.（抽象的概念，看成单数） The accused was punished to

17、 prison. （一个人） 主语和谓语的一致7.以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题:1)通常作复数的集体名词: 包括police, people, cattle, media, public等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。The police are questioning everyone in the house. Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef, and hides. People were called out to guard the borderland.主语和谓语的一致2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词: 包括machinery, e

18、quipment, furniture, mankind, clothing等。 All the machinery in the factory is made in China. The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style. The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. Our clothing protects us from cold. 主语和谓语的一致3)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词:视作整体时跟单数谓语,着重于所包含的成员时，则可跟复数谓语；这

19、类名词包括class, team, family, audience, army, enemy, committee, crew, jury, government, Chinese等。 His family are waiting for him. （把family看成家庭成员） Ive got to make it clear that my family was very poor. （把“family”看成一个整体）主语和谓语的一致 The committee is to deal with the matter. The committee quarrel as to who its

20、 next chairman should be. There was a large audience at the concert. The audience are dressed in a variety of ways.The class are planting trees on the hill. The jury is/are about to announce the winners.The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time. The schools teaching staff is/are e

21、xcellent.主语和谓语的一致8. 以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题:1)以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题 2)以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题 3)以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题 4)以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题 5)其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题 主语和谓语的一致疾病名称：measles(麻疹)，arthritis(关节炎)，bronchitis（支气管炎）， diabetes（糖尿病），mumps（腮腺炎）, phlebitis（静脉炎）, rickets（软骨病）,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。Measle

22、s usually occurs in children. Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient. Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels. 主语和谓语的一致游戏名称：以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 Skittles is not fashionable nowadays. Draughts is not very difficult to learn. Darts is basically a easy game. Marble

23、s is not confined to children.但当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。 Three darts are thrown at each turn. All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw. 主语和谓语的一致地理名称：某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如 the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。The United States was hit by the Great Depre

24、ssion in 1930s. In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用作复数。The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts. The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world. 主语和谓语的一致学科名称：某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时，如:physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acousti