毕业设计外文资料翻译-学生反馈的视觉交互模式：教学和监督的可靠性和可用性评价体系

1、毕业设计外文资料翻译学 院： 专业班级： 学生姓名： 学 号： 指导教师： 外文出处：(外文) Visual Interaction Patterns of Students Feedback: Reliability and Usability of Teaching and Supervision Evaluation System 附 件：1.外文资料翻译译文； 2.外文原文 指导教师评语：译文翻译条理清晰，结构完整，语句通顺流畅，专业术语使用精确，符号规范统一，是一篇较好的外文资料翻译。个别专有名词翻译不够准确，仍需继续努力。在翻译过程中，能主动询问老师，查阅资料，求助同学，学习态度值

2、得肯定。签名： 年 月 日1外文资料翻译译文学生反馈的视觉交互模式：教学和监督的可靠性和可用性评价体系摘 要教学督导评价体系，是一个从学生的角度来评价教学质量的系统。它是一个用于评估效率和质量管理体系的有效性（QMS）MS ISO 9001:2008本科及研究生管理工作。此外，从学生获得的数据将被用于不断改善和提高在马来西亚国立大学的教学和学习质量。虽然从系统的反馈可以有助于提高程序的质量，但可用性问题的有效性和效率的系统设计，以及与输入和反馈的可靠性学生是有争议的。随后，这些问题进行了研究，以完善系统。这项研究使用三角测量方法，这是一个三种技术的整合；即通过眼睛观察、观察跟踪技术和面试，进行

3、了一个样本包括30个信息科学与技术学院的学生。视觉学生的互动模式、可用性问题和可靠性水平在研究结束时反馈。【关键词】：眼睛跟踪，可用性，可靠性，教学和监督评价体系和三角法。介绍本试验分为两部分即教学评估和督导评估。课程交付评估部分分为三大类；通用（7个问题，课程内容，基础设施和设备），学院/中心/学院（3 - 10个问题，每一个教学模式）和III讲师评价（5个问题，每一个讲师谁处理的过程）。通用和讲师的评价部分是用来评估的成就基于质量管理体系的学习质量（QMS）MS ISO标准，以及不断提高教学质量和课程。教师/中心/研究所的部分是内部质量改进和使用提高教学设计的质量和修订课程。监督评价分为五

4、类，即主管敏感性（3个问题对于主管的敏感性），政策和监管的一致性（3个问题，符合政策和调节），诉的技术转移（转移技能3题）和六备注。国民的努力，提高教学质量，承诺从学生需要完成教学和监督的问卷调查评价系统（试验）。因此，学生必须回答所有的上市基于Likert量表各部分所述问题1-5。在这项研究中，学生需要完成在线的教学问卷监督评价系统（试验），而学生的眼动记录的眼动技术。学生必须要登录试验并完成给定的任务。这项研究是对确定系统的学生反馈输入的有效性和可靠性。在此外，眼动仪还可以帮助研究人员识别可用性问题当用户在与系统交互时遇到。这是因为输出通过眼动仪可以用来指导研究人员设计一个用户友好的界面。

5、1.1眼动追踪近100年前，有关眼球运动的研究研究者做了一个观察眼球运动在阅读中的作用（亚历克斯普尔等人。2005）。眼球运动的记录是通过使用眼睛跟踪技术。眼动跟踪是指参与者的眼球运动研究视觉刺激（Agnieszka等人。1990）。这个过程让研究人员要了解学生在完成任务前的搜索和阅读。此外，眼动仪能告诉别人的眼睛关注和兴趣（路易斯埃米尔试用期1978）。这是因为，什么是迷恋的眼睛可以视为对用户的认知过程的思考（只需与木匠1980）。根据安得烈（2007），duchowski眼动仪的使用反射红外线的光检测。红外线是负责刺激人类并帮助系统跟踪用户的眼睛从视频图像（起重机1994）。再说，红外线会

6、产生角膜反射，并引起瞳孔效应如图1所示。据abdallahi Ould穆罕默德等人。（2007）从眼睛结构的物体的反射被称为“图像”。Bright Pupil Effect Corneal Reflection1.2阅读过程阅读被定义为观察书面或印刷的内容，并遵循了解其内容（Dewan词典第四版）的意义。在阅读，我们的眼睛做运动序列中被称为扫视，其次是固定（回避1903）。眼跳是快速和快速眼球运动的发生之间的固定和没有信息记录扫视发生时（艾哈迈德伊玛目等人。2012）。据巴里奥斯等人。（2005），固定是眼睛的重点，这需要300至400毫秒为人类的理解和处理信息。在固定过程中，从固定区域的信息

7、通常是提取编码。休洛夫廷在1987的状态，阅读的过程是指识别和转换印刷符号，声音的发音（解码），后来把它翻译成根据他们所学的语言，恰当的意思。（2002）发现眼睛的运动开始于屏幕的左上方的计算机，然后向水平方向的右侧计算机屏幕。之后，用户将横向到左边的底部电脑屏幕，并最终移向一侧的电脑右侧屏幕如下图。1.3可用性接受的定义是非常广泛的，含蓄不仅包括实用程序，而且还包括可用性、亲和力和成本（布瑞恩沙克尔1991；查帕尼斯1991；展位1989个）。据（布瑞恩沙克尔1991），可用性是指用户能够利用实践中的系统功能。可用性衡量用户体验的质量当与产品或系统。ISO 9241-11定义可用性是产品在多

8、大程度上可以使用指定的用户实现指定的目标与效率，有效性和满意度在一个特定的上下文中使用（阿兹莎Jaafar等人。2010）。此外，可用性测试支持学生的活动，速度和效率在完成任务的同时，任务的有效性和满意度和舒适的系统，同时完成的任务。在这项研究中，有效性试验可以得到完成给予学生的问卷调查的时间。这个效率可以衡量学生完成任务所需要的时间。而满意度是指使用的舒适性和可接受性，它的要求关于使用多么令人愉快的学生的评价结果。1.4三角法可用性测试是一种评估产品的易用性的研究方法可以使用产品来执行所需的任务和享受它（鲁宾1993）。在可用性测试中，代表真实用户的样本将被要求进行测试观察、倾听、做笔记，完

9、成典型的任务。增强数据的可信性和有效性，以验证和完整性的目的三角测量技术将被应用在数据采集过程中（ashatu侯赛因2009；亚力山大雅各布2001；施1998）。三角被定义为使用多方法的研究主要是定性和定量的研究方法同样的现象为了提高学习的目的性，准确性和研究结果的效度（Sabina耶斯明等人。2012；亨特1991；登青云1978）。这种方法包括两个或更多的方法论的方法，理论观点，资料来源，研究者与分析方法研究现象，增强信心的结果（登青1970）。2.研究目标和目标 本研究的主要目的是检验学生的可用性和可靠性反馈试验。这项研究的总体目标如下：一、确定学生输入反馈的可靠性试验，二、进行可用性

10、测试试验界面采用眼动追踪技术，分析和比较收集资料。3.研究方法 在这项研究中，数据收集的整个过程将在可用性信息科学学院30名学生的实验室技术被选定为研究样本。使用三角法其中包括通过眼动追踪观察、调查和采访的观察 图3所示的研究框架。与其他评价技术的眼动追踪技术的组合可以有助于更好的数据收集。学生需要登录到教学监督评价系统（试验）和在每个完整的所有问题截面如图4所示的流程图。获得的反馈输入学生是用来不断提高节目质量的。在测试期间中，学生的眼球运动由眼动仪技术录制。一旦测试完成后，学生必须完成分布式问卷调查及稍后的面试会在测试人员和被调查者之间进行。学生们可以表达他们的意见，给予对教学督导评估系统

11、的自由建议或批评。4.研究结果 对30名学生进行了研究。个人细节的结果受访者显示，83.3%的受访者是女性和16.7% 受访者为男性。超过60%的参与者参与这项研究。研究生约有83.3%的受访者曾在UKM为一年以上，或者换句话说，有经验的优先。5.结论 总之，学生反馈试验的可靠性和有效性，在弱层次。这是通过调查，眼动仪和面试输出的分析所示其中30%的学生读了这些问题，约有16.67%的学生读到了50%至75%的问题还有20%的学生没有读过这种问题在回答问卷之前。基于可用性问题的发现接口试验缺乏吸引力，混乱，挺无聊的，不友好的，低效的还有太多的问题，这会使学生产生消极的教学督导评估体系的认识。根

12、据调查结果；新的界面设计的系统介绍的设计准则提出。这一建议有望帮助大学提高可用性现有教学督导评估系统。参考：1。侯赛因：使用triangulation在社会科学研究：可以定性和定量方法的联合？比较社会工作学报2009（1）（2009年）2。贾法尔，A.，阿卜杜拉，S.，拉蒂夫，A.A.，paraidathathu，T.威恩威（Abdullah Ahmad，N.，大卫，S.，萨利马，C.S. Lee，J.，可靠性：在大学研究生课程的教学反馈评估系统（CTE）和usability系统。procedia社会和行为科学（2011年），18 2432（2010年）3。穆罕默德先生，席尔瓦，国会议员，co

13、urboulay V。A：历史网的眼动跟踪（2007年）4。安德鲁斯，劳伦斯，古德森，洛杉矶：一个比较分析教学设计模型。教学发展学报，3（4）216（1980年）5。ACM课程sigchi人机互动 http：/ / / / / cdg3.html sigchi CDG（11月23日，2012年）6。伊玛目，A.，优素福，A.E.：做比女性快读一下吗？使用的经验研究眼球跟踪系统（2012年）7。拜恩，M.D. Anderson，J.，matessa道格拉斯S. M.：视觉搜索的眼动跟踪（点击下拉菜单猫的时间。人的因素在计算系统集1999年会议会议录，PP 402409（1999）。8。贝文：名词

14、，人机交互的标准。在子洲，Y.，小川（EDS）。诉讼的第六届国际会议人机互动。爱思唯尔联合王国（1995）9。bednarik，R：两种分析方法：视觉注意策略的应用研究大学的编程（2007年）10。美国：duchowski，眼睛跟踪方法。理论与实践（2007年）11。eivazi，S.，bednarik，R：问题解决行为的预测和性能水平从视觉注意数据。在研讨会：第二眼纱布在智能机的人互动916 PP（2011年）。12。曾加，F.，轮毂，z.，chenb，R.，杨，Z：determinants大学的在线服务和满意度他们对行为意图的影响。全面质量管理（9），20 953969（2009年）13。

15、gommans，M.，Krishnan缓冲，scheffold，该品牌的忠诚度：从两个电子忠诚度：A概念框架。杂志经济和社会研究（1，3）4358（2001）14。holmqvist Nystrom，K，M，安德森先生，杜赫斯特，R.，jarodzka，H.，weijer，j.v.d.：眼动跟踪的综合指南的方法和措施，纽约（2011年）15。该J。：usability大学数字图书馆的评价：效益，效率，满意度，和可学习性。书55 96121（2005年）16。只是，硕士，木工，每年的阅读理论：（一）：从两个眼睛fixations理解（1980年）17。只是，硕士，木匠，PA：眼fixations

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18、I）原则1、13 http：/ / / / / FTP arXiv的论文0707 0707.3638.pdf / /29。radach，R.，hyona，J.，deube J。：心灵的眼睛：认知和应用方面的眼睛眼动研究，荷兰（2003年）30。雷纳，K。眼睛的动作：在阅读和信息加工：20年研究。心理通报，1998，（3）124 372422（1998年）31。sensomotoric仪器。实验中心2手册版本2.1，德国（2008年）32。sensomotoric仪器。2008年。2 begaze手册。2.2版（2008年），德国33。sensomotoric仪器。2008年。在View系统手册

19、。2.2版（2008年），德国34。hise D.M. Szymanski，E，！：一个初始满意度量表。学报零售业76（3），309322（2000年）35。salvucci，博士，戈德堡，祝建华：确定fixations和扫视的眼睛跟踪协议。在学院会议录：眼球追踪研究与应用研讨会论文集，页。7178（2000年）36。salvucci，D.模型：一个交互式教学环境对眼动协议分析和visualization。在眼动跟踪研究与应用研讨会论文集。5763（2000年）37。雪莉，nappier G.B.和，河流，北京中兴杰盛：网页设计美国（2008年）38。系统penilaian pengajara

20、n丹penyeliaan，http：/ / / / smp.ukm.my sppk39。yeasmin，S.，拉赫曼，triangulation方法作为研究工具。40。交互式产品的可用性，http:/www2.uiah.fi/projekti/metodi/158.htm41。可用性测试：开发有用和可用的产品，HTTP：/ /mtsc/，/如何和工具/方法/ usability-testing.html43。王，y.d.，emurian，H.H.：网上信任的概述：概念、要素、和启示。人类行为的计算机21（1），105 - 125（2005）44。韦德尔，M.，Pieters，R.：视觉营销中的

21、眼球追踪，美国（2006）45。zambarbieri，D.卡尔尼利亚，E.，罗比尼奥，C：在网上阅读的眼动跟踪分析报纸。眼动研究杂志2（4）：1，7 - 8（2008）2.外文原文Visual Interaction Patterns of Students Feedback:Reliability and Usability of Teaching and SupervisionEvaluation System (TESES)Uswatun Bakar* and Azizah JaafarFaculty of Information Science and Technology,Univ

22、ersiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,43600 UKM Bangi, Malaysiaus_alang.my, ajftsm.ukm.myAbstract. Teaching and Supervision Evaluation System (TESES), is a systemto evaluate the quality of teaching and supervision from students perspective. Itis an official student feedback system used to evaluate efficiency a

23、ndeffectiveness of the Quality Management System (QMS) MS ISO 9001:2008for management of undergraduate and graduate studies. In addition, the inputobtained from the students will be used to continually improve and enhance thequality of teaching and learning at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Althoug

24、hthe feedback from the system can contribute to improving the quality of theprograms but the usability issues in terms of effectiveness and efficiency of thesystem design along with the reliability of the inputs and feedbacks from thestudents are disputable. Subsequently, these issues are studied in

25、 order toimprove the system. This study use a triangulation method which is anintegration of the three techniques; namely survey, observation through eyetracking technique and interviews, carried out on a sample consists of 30students from the Faculty of Information Science and Technology. The visua

26、linteraction patterns, usability problems and the reliability level of studentfeedback are identified at the end of the study.Keywords: eye tracking, usability, reliability, teaching and supervisionevaluation system and triangulation method.1 IntroductionTeaching and Supervision Evaluation System (T

27、ESES), is a system to evaluate the qualityof course teaching and supervision from students perspective. It is one of the official userfeedback systems used to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the QualityManagement System (QMS) of MS ISO 9001:2008 for management of undergraduateand gradua

28、te studies. In addition, the input obtained from the students will be used tocontinually improve and enhance the quality of teaching and learning at UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia. The TESES are divided into two sections namely Course DeliveryAssessment and Supervision Assessment. Course delivery ass

29、essment section divided intothree categories; i. General (7 questions for course content, infrastructure and equipment),ii. Faculty/Centre/Institute (3 10 questions for every teaching mode) and iii. LecturerEvaluation (5 questions for every lecturer who handles the course).The General and Lecturer E

30、valuation sections are used to evaluate the achievementsof learning quality based on the Quality Management System (QMS) MS ISO9001:2008, as well as to continuously improve the quality of teaching and coursedelivery. The Faculty/Centre/Institute section is use for internal quality improvement andto

31、enhance the quality of teaching designing and revising the curriculum. Supervisoryevaluation sections are divided into five categories; i. Supervisor Sensitivity (3 questionsfor supervisor sensitivity), ii. Interpersonal Relation (3 questions for interpersonalrelation), iii. Interpersonal Relation (

32、3 questions for interpersonal relation), iv.Conformance to Policy and Regulation (3 questions for conformance to policy andregulation), v. Transfer of Skills (3 questions for transfer of skills) and vi. Remarks.In UKMs effort to improving the quality of teaching and learning, the commitmentfrom stud

33、ents is needed to complete the questionnaire on Teaching and SupervisionEvaluation System (TESES). Therefore, students are required to answer all the listedquestions based on the likert scale 1-5 as stated in each part.In this study, the students are required to complete the questionnaire on Teachin

34、gand Supervision Evaluation System (TESES) by online, while the students eyemovement was recorded by the Eye Tracker technology. The students are required tolog in on the TESES and then complete the given task. This study is done todetermine the validity and reliability of student feedback input on

35、the system. Inaddition, the Eye Tracker also can help the researchers to identify usability problemsencountered by users when interacting with the system. This is because the outputproduced by the eye tracker can be used as a guide to researchers to design a userfriendly Interface.1.1 Eye TrackingRe

36、search related to eye movement has been done nearly 100 years ago whenresearcher doing an observation on the role of the eye movement in reading (AlexPoole et al. 2005). The recording of eye movement was done by using eye trackingtechnology. Eye tracking refers to recording eye movements while parti

37、cipantsexamine the visual stimulus (Agnieszka et al. 1990). This process allows researchersto understand of what a student searching and reading before they complete the task.Besides, eye trackers can tell where someones eyes focus and interest (Louis EmileJaval 1978). This is because, what is fixat

38、ed by the eye could be considered as thethinking of the users cognitive processes (Just & Carpenter 1980).According to Andrew Duchowski (2007), Eye Trackers use reflection of infraredrays to detect human pupils. Infrared rays are responsible to stimulate human pupilsand help system for tracking user

39、s eyes from the video image (Crane 1994). Besides,infrared rays would produce the corneal reflection and causes the bright pupil effectas showed in figure 1 below. According to Abdallahi Ould Mohamed et al. (2007), thereflections of objects from structure of the eye are known as Purkinje image.Brigh

40、t Pupil Effect Corneal Reflection1.2 Reading ProcessReading is defined as observing the written or printed contents and followed byunderstanding the meaning of its contents (Dewan Dictionary Fourth Edition). Duringreading, our eyes doing a movement in a sequence called saccades, followed byfixation

41、(Dodge 1903). Saccades are quick and rapid eye movements occurringbetween fixations and there is no information are recorded when the saccade occurred(Ahmed Emam et al. 2012). According to Barrios et al. (2005), fixation is the eyesfocus, which requires 300 to 400 ms for the human understand and pro

42、cess theinformation. During fixation, information from the fixated area is usually extractedand encoded.Lufting in 1987 state that the reading process refers to identify and convertingprinted symbols into sound pronunciation (decoding) and later translate it to theappropriate meaning according to th

43、e language they have learned. As showed infigure 2 below, Baharuddin et al. (2002) found that the eyes movement started fromthe left-top of the screen computer and then turn horizontally toward the right side ofthe computer screen. After that the user will be crosswise down to the bottom-left ofthe

44、computer screen and eventually moved sideways to the right side of the computerscreen as in the figure below.1.3 UsabilityDefinition of acceptance is very wide, implicitly including not only utility, but alsousability, likeability and cost (Brian Shackel 1991; Chapanis 1991; Booth 1989).According to

45、 (Brian Shackel 1991), usability refers to users ability to utilize thesystem functionality in practice. Usability measures the quality of the user experiencewhen interacting with a product or system (Brooke et al. 1990). ISO 9241-11 definesusability as the extent to which a product can be used by s

46、pecified users to achievespecified goals with efficiency, effectiveness and satisfaction in a specified context ofuse (Azizah Jaafar et al. 2010).Besides, usability testing supports the activities of students in aspect of; speed andefficiency while completing the tasks, the effectiveness of the task

47、 and satisfactionand comfort of the system while completing the tasks. In this study, effectiveness ofTESES can be obtained by completion of questionnaires given to students. Theefficiency can be measured by the time that required by students to complete the task.While, satisfaction refers to the co

48、mfort and acceptability of use, its requiringstudents assessment on TESES concerning how pleasant it is to use.1.4 Triangulation MethodUsability testing is a research technique to assess ease of a product where the userscan use the products to perform the desired tasks efficiently and enjoy it (Rubi

49、n1993). In usability tests, the samples representing the real users will be asked to testand complete typical tasks while observers watch, listen and take notes. To enhancethe credibility and validity of data; for confirmatory and completeness purposes, thetriangulation techniques will be applied in

50、 the process of data collection (AshatuHussein 2009; Alexander Jakob 2001; Shih 1998). Triangulation is defined as the useof multiple methods, mainly qualitative and quantitative methods in studying thesame phenomenon for the purpose of increasing study credibility, accuracy andvalidity of the resea

51、rch findings (Sabina Yeasmin et al. 2012; Hunt 1991; Denzin1978). This approach consists of two or more methodological approaches, theoreticalperspectives, data sources, investigators and analysis methods to study the samephenomenon in order to enhance confidence of findings (Denzin 1970).2 Research

52、 Aim and ObjectiveThe main purpose of this research is to examine the usability and reliability of studentfeedback on TESES. The general objectives of the study are as following; i. Identifyreliability of student input on TESES feedback, ii. Conduct usability testing onTESES interface by using Eye T

53、racking Technology and iii. Analyze and comparingdata collected.3 Research MethodologyIn this research, the whole process of data collection will be conducted in the usabilitylaboratory where 30 students from the Faculty of Information Science andTechnology were selected as the research sample. The

54、triangulation method is usedwhich consist of an observation through eye tracking, survey and interviews that isshowed by the research framework in figure 3.The combination of eye tracking techniques with other evaluation techniques cancontribute to a better data collection. The students are required

55、 to log in into Teachingand Supervision Evaluation System (TESES) and complete all given questions in eachsection as show in the flow chart in figure 4 below. The feedback input obtained fromstudents is used to continuously improve the quality of the program. During thetesting, students eye movement

56、s are recorded by the Eye Tracker technology. Oncetesting is completed, the students are required to complete the distributedquestionnaire and later the interviews session will be conducted between the testersand the respondents. The students are allowed to express their opinion, givingsuggestion or

57、 criticism freely on Teaching and Supervision Evaluation System4 Research ResultsThe research was conducted on 30 students. The findings of the personal details ofrespondents showed that 83.3% of respondents are female and 16.7% of therespondents were male. More than 60% of participants involved thi

58、s study werepostgraduate students where about 83.3% of respondents had been in the UKM formore than one year or in other words, that have experienced in using TESES.5 ConclusionsIn conclusion, the validity and reliability of student feedback of the TESES are at theweak level. This is shown by the an

59、alysis of survey, Eye Tracker and interview outputwhere 30% of the students read the questions, about 16.67% of students read between50% to 75% of the questions and 20% of the students did not read the question beforeanswering questionnaires. Based on the finding on the usability problem, theinterfa

60、ces of TESES were unattractive, confusing, quite boring, unfriendly, inefficientand there are too many questions, which can cause the students to have negativeperception on Teaching and Supervision Evaluation System. Based on the findings, anew interface design of the system is introduced together w