初中英语定语从句讲解及练习

1、初中英语定语从句讲解及练习初中英语定语从句讲解及练习一定语从句及相关术语定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as寺；关系副词有where,when,why等。关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。二关系代词引导的定语从句who指人，在从句中做主语theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone.yesterdayihelpedanoldman

2、wholosthisway.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。mr.liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.mr.lingisjusttheboywhomiwanttosee.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.that指人时，

3、相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)whereisthemanthat/whomisawthismorning?whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替theclassroomwhosedoorisb

4、rokenwillsoonberepaired.theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?三介词+关系代词引导关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.tomorrowiwillbrin

5、ghereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.tomorrowiwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.wellgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.wellgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.注意：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等thisisthewatchwhich/thatiamlookingfor.(t)t

6、hisisthewatchforwhichiamlooking.(f)若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whosethemanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(t)themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(f)theplaneinwhichweflewtocanadaisverycomfortable.(t)theplaneinthatweflewintocanadaisverycomfortable.(f)“介词+关系代词”前可有some

7、,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词helovedhisparentsdeeply,hebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.解答介词+关系代词类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词(该动词是不及物动词)习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：inthedar

8、kstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.a.thatb.whoc.fromwhomd.towhom简析:本题定语从句中的turn与介词to构成固定短语turntosb.forhelp(向某人求助)。所以，d是正确选项。四.关系副词引导的定语从句when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语istillrememberthedaywhenifirstcametotheschool.thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语shanghaiisthecitywhereiwas

9、born.thehousewhereilivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因飞定语从句中做原因状语pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.idontknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewa

10、ntedwhenhegrewup.greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereiwasborn.关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于介词+which结构，因此常常和介词+which结构交替使用，例如：thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？

11、五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例：theteachertoldmethattomwastheonlypersonthaticoulddependon.chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.非限制性定语从句举例：hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.china,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogot

12、ocollege.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时haveyoutakendowneverythingth

13、atmr.lihassaid?thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.thereislittlethaticandoforyou.注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whoanymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywontdosuchathing.当先行词被序数词修饰(1)thefirstplacethattheyvisitedinlondonwasthebigben.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1)thisisthebestfilmthatiha

14、veseen.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时thisistheverydictionarythatiwanttobuy,afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用whowanghuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?whichisthet-shirtthatfitsmemost?当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物

15、体时(1)canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：as和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1)hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural.(2)hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如.，正像.”

16、的意思asisknowntoall,chinaisadevelopingcountry.heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.john,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.hehasbeentoparismorethanseveraltimes,whichidontbelieve.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用whichtomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时，常用asihaveneverheardsuchastory

17、ashetells.heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.thisisthesamebookasilostlastweek.注意：当先行次由thesame修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同sheworethesamedressthatsheworeatmaryswedding.她穿着她在mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)thewayinw

18、hich/that/./heansweredthequestionwassurprising.but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1)thereareveryfewbutunderstandhisidea.(but=whodont)区分定语从句和同位语从句定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系theplanethathasjusttakenoffisforlondon.定语从句thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由th

19、at引导，在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分thenewshetoldmeistrue.thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以theideathatwecouldasktheteacherfora

20、dviceiswonderful.theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.thefactthattheearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.初中英语分类练习_定语从句定语从句专练（一）theplaceinterestedmemostwasthechildrenspalace.a.whichb.wherec.whatd.inwhichdoyouknowtheman?a.whomispokeb.towhospokec.ispok

21、etod.thatispokethisisthehotellastmonth.a.whichtheystayedb.atthattheystayedc.wheretheystayedatd.wheretheystayeddoyouknowtheyearthechinesecommunistpartywasfounded?a.whichb.thatc.whend.onwhichthatisthedayillneverforget.a.whichb.onwhichc.inwhichd.whenthefactorywellvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.a.whereb.

22、towhichc.whichd.inwhichgreatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.a.whereb.thatc.whichd.therethisisoneofthebestfilms.a.thathavebeenshownthisyearb.thathaveshownc.thathasbeenshownthisyeard.thatyoutalkedcanyoulendmethebooktheotherday?a.aboutwhichyoutalkedb.whichyoutalkedc.aboutthatyout

23、alkedd.thatyoutalkedthepenheiswritingismine.a.withwhichb.inwhichc.onwhichd.bywhichtheyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.a.whomb.whoc.whichd.thattheengineermyfatherworksisabout50yearsold.a.towhomb.onwhomc.withwhichd.withwhom13.itthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?a.whob.whosc.whichd.w

24、hose14.iminterestedinyouhavesaid.a.allthatb.allwhatc.thatd.whichwanttousethesamedictionarywasusedyesterday.a.whichb.whoc.whatd.asheisntsuchamanheusedtobe.a.whob.whomc.thatd.asheisgoodatenglish,weallknow.a.thatb.asc.whomd.what18.liming,totheconcertenjoyeditverymuch.a.iwentwithb.withwhomiwentc.withwho

25、iwentd.iwentwithhimdontlikeasyouread.a.thenovelsb.thesuchnovelsc.suchnovelsd.samenovelshetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.a.whichb.thatc.whomd.whattheletterisfrommysister,isworkinginbeijing.a.whichb.thatc.whomd.who22.inourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.a.them

26、b.whichc.whomd.who23.youretheonlypersoniveevermetcoulddoit.a.who;/b./;whomc.whom;/d./;wholostabook,icantremembernow.a.whosetitleb.itstitlec.thetitleofitd.thetitleofthat25.lastsummerwevisitedthewestlake,hangzhouisfamousintheworld.a.forwhichb.forthatc.inwhichd.whathaveboughtsuchawatchwasadvertisedontv

27、.a.thatb.whichc.asd.itcanneverforgetthedayweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.a.when;whichb.which;whenc.what;thatd.onwhich;whenthewayhelooksatproblemsiswrong.a.whichb.whosec.whatd./thisisthereasonhedidntcometothemeeting.a.inwhichb.withwhichc.thatd.forwhichthismachine,formanyyears,isstillworking

28、perfectly.a.afterwhichihavelookedb.whichihavelookedafterc.thatihavelookedafterd.ihavelookedafterthereasonhedidntcomewashewasill.a.why;thatb.that;whyc.forthat;thatd.forwhich;whatheisworkinghard,willmakehimpassthefinalexam.a.thatb.whichc.forwhichd.whothatisnotthewayidoit.a./b.whichc.forwhichd.withwhic

29、hhavetwogrammars,areofgreatuse.a.allofwhichb.eitherofwhichc.bothofthatd.bothofwhichwanttousethesametoolsusedinyourfactoryafewdaysago.a.aswasb.whichwasc.aswered.whichmyneighboursusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.a.whob.whichc.thatd.itthisisthemagazineicopiedtheparagraph.a.thatb.which

30、c.fromthatd.fromwhichheisnotsuchamanwouldleavehisworkhalfdone.a.thatb.whichc.whod.asyoucandependonwhateverpromisehemakes.a./b.whyc.whend.whosesmoking,isabadhabit,is,however,popular.a.thatb.whichc.itd.though-didyouasktheguardhappened?-yes,hetoldmeallheknew.a.what;thatb.what;whatc.which;whichd.that;th

31、atishallneverforgetthoseyearsilivedonthefarmwiththefarmers,hasagreateffectonmylife.a.when;whob.that;whichc.which;thatd.when;whichthenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.a.owns;areb.owns;isc.own;isd.own;areduringthedays,heworkedasaservantatthebrowns.a.followedb.followingc.tofollowd.thatfollowedisoxygen

32、theonlygashelpsfireburn?a.thatb./c.whichd.itthecleverboymadeaholeinthewall,hecouldseewasgoingoninsidehouse.a.which;whatb.throughwhich;whatc.throughthat;whatd.what;thatissomegermanfriendsvisitedlastweek?a.thisschoolb.thistheschoolc.thisschooloned.thisschoolwherejohngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.

33、a.asb.thatc.whatd.whoihaveboughttwoballpens,writeswell.a.noneofthemb.neitherofthemc.neitherofwhichd.noneofwhichallthatcanbeeateneatenup.arebeingb.hasbeenc.hadbeend.havebeen定语从句专练（二）donttalkaboutsuchthingsofyouarenotsure.a.whichb.whatc.asd.thoseisthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?a.thatb.wherec.inw

34、hichd.theoneisthisfactorysomeforeignfriendsvisitedlastfriday?a.thatb.wherec.whichd.theoneisthisthefactoryheworkedtenyearsago?a.thatb.wherec.whichd.theonethewolveshidthemselvesintheplacescouldnhat.thefreezingpointisthetemperaturewaterchangesintoice.a.atwhichb.onthatc.inwhichd.ofwhatthisbookwillshowyo

35、ucanbeusedinothercontexts.a.howyouhaveobservedb.whatyouhaveobservedc.thatyouhaveobservedd.howthatyouhaveobservedthereasonisheisunabletooperatethemachine.a.becauseb.whyc.thatd.whetherilltellyouhetoldmelastweek.a.allwhichb.thatc.allthatd.whichthattree,branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.a.whoseb.ofwhichc.

36、inwhichd.onwhichihaveboughtthesamedresssheiswearing.a.asb.thatc.whichd.whathefailedintheexamination,madehisfatherveryangry.a.whichb.itc.thatd.whatweretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.a.whichb.whomc.whod.thatthegirlanenglishsonginthenextroomistomssister.a.whoissing

37、ingb.issingingc.sangd.wassingingthosenotonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.a.learnb.whoc.thatlearnsd.wholearnanyonethisopinionmayspeakout.a.thatagainstsb.thatagainstc.whoisagainstd.whoareagainstdidntyouseetheman?a.inoddedjustnowb.whominoddedjustnowc.inoddedtohimjustnowd.inoddedtojustnowc

38、anyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?a.thatyoutalkedb.youtalkedaboutitc.whichyoutalkedwithd.youtalkedaboutisthereanythingtoyou?a.thatisbelongedb.thatbelongsc.thatbelongd.whichbelongs“howdoyoulikethebook?”“itsquitedifferentfromireadlastmonth.”hathehaslostthekeytothedrawerthepapersarekept.a.whereb.inwhichc.

39、underwhichd.whichantarcticweknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.a.whichb.wherec.thatd.aboutwhichitsthethirdtimelatethismonth.a.thatyouarrivedb.whenyouarrivedc.thatyouvearrivedd.whenyouvearriveditwasin1969theamericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.a.thatb.whichc.whend.inwhichmayth

40、efourthisthedaywechinesepeoplewillneverforget.a.whichb.whenc.onwhichd.aboutwhichwearegoingtospendthespringfestivalinguangzhou,hatwestayedisitinthatfactory“redflag”carsareproduced?a.inwhichb.wherec.whichd.thatitisthesuezcanalseparatesasiaafrica.a.which,tob.where,fromc.that,fromd.that,withunderthebrid

41、ge,however,almostdirectlybelow,wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.a.thereb.wherec.itd.whichheisnotafool.a.such,asheislookedb.such,ashelooksc.as,asheislookedd.so,ashelooksisthatthereasonyouareinfavoroftheproposal?a.whichb.whatc.whyd.forthathemustbefromafrica,canbeseenfromhisskin.a.thatb.asc.whod.whathehastw

42、osons,workaschemists.a.twoofwhomb.bothofwhomc.bothofwhichd.allofwhomi,yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.a.whoisb.whoamc.thatisd.whatisheisamanofgreatexperience,muchcanbelearned.a.whob.thatc.fromwhichd.fromwhomdoyouknowthetownatall?no,thisisthefirsttimeihere.a.wasb.havebeenc.camed.amcomingidon

43、tlikeyouspeaktoher.a.thewayb.thewayinthatc.thewaywhichd.thewayofwhichthetwothingstheyfeltveryproudarejimsgoldwatchanddellashair.a.aboutwhichb.ofwhichc.inwhichd.forwhichthedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe.a.wouldhaveb.havehadc.hadneverhadd.hadeverhaddoyouknowwhichhotel?a.sheisstayingb.sheisstayinginc.

44、isshestayingd.isshestayinginthereisonlyonethingicando.a.whatb.thatc.alld.whichwhocanthinkofasituationthisidiomcanbeused?hatihavemanybooks,hatc.allthatd.ineverythingtheastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,esilikethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek.a.whichb.whoc.thatd./参考答案及解析定语从句专练（一）a.which用作

45、关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。c.和谁讲话”要说speaktosb.本题全句应为doyouknowthemanwhomispoketo.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。d.where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。c.when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。a.which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。c.解析同第5题。a.解析见第3题。a.本句话的先行词应该是films，因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态havebeenshown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则theon

46、e应该视为先行词。a.“谈到某事物”应说talkaboutsth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。a.withwhich是介词+关系代词结构，常用来引导定语从句.with有用的意思，介词之后只能用which,不能用that.withwhich在定语从句中作状语，即heiswritingwithapen.c.infrontofwhich即infrontofafarmhouse.infrontofwhich在从句中作状语.d.withwhom引导定语从句.withwhom放在从句中即为:myfatherworkswiththeengineer.d.whose引导定语从

47、句，在从句中作主语family的定语.a.that引导定语从句，因为先行词是all，所以只能选用that引导.d.thesameas是固定用法,as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.d.suchas是固定用法,as引导定语从句时，可以作主语，宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.b.as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.b.limingenjoyeditverymuch是主句,withwhomiwentto

48、theconcert是定语从句.withwhom放在从句中为:iwenttotheconcertwithliming.c.as引导定语从句时通常构成such.as或thesame.as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。such修饰单数名词时，要用sucha，本题中suchbooks,such直接修饰复数名词.b.things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人，又表示物的名词时，其关系代词要用that.d.who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.c.twothirdsofwhom艮卩:twothirdsofthe2,000workers.d.先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为,whom作从句中met的宾语，可