现在完成时讲解及练习(已用)

1、现在完成时讲解及练习( 已用 )现在完成时一 基本结构：助动词 have/has+ 过去分词(d one)二 句型：否定句：主 语+have/has+not+ 过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+ 主语+过去分词+其他.三用法1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money.( 含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)They have come here. (含义：他们现在在这儿)2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的 , 持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for 和 s ince 连用for+ 时段since+ 过去

2、一个时间点（译为：自从以来）since+ 时段+agosince+ 从句（过去时）2It is+时段+since+ 从句（过去时） Mary has been ill for 3 days. (since 3 days ago)I have been in the universitysince 2002.四 has gone(to),hasbeen (to),has been (in) 的区别Have/Hasgone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father ？He has gone toShanghai.Have/Hasbeen (to):去过（已不在去 过

3、的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in ：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.五现在完成时的标志现在完成时的含义是过去已经完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:3以 already, just 和 yet 为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。以 ever 和 never

4、 为标志This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志He says he has been to the USA threetimes.他说他已经去过美国三次了。以 so far （到目前为止）为标志He has finished all of his work so far.到目前为止他完成了所有的工作注意： 1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday,last week, three years ago

5、2)不能与 when 连用六过去分词、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则4与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited、以“ e 结”尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live-lived-lived ,、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-d

6、ropped-dropped2 、不规则动词：AAA 型/ri:d/ 过去式， 过去分burst hurt let cast cut词发音为/red/hit put set shut spreadAAB 型read原 形 发 音 为beatbeat beaten5ABA 型feel felt feltbecomebecamebeABC 型comebeginbeganberun ran runguncomecamecomebreakbrokebroABB 型kenbuild builtbuiltchoosechoseccatchcaughtchosenaught七 瞬间动词变 延续性动词buy,

7、die,join,come ，go ,leave,join ）不能直接与 for since 连用。要改变动词buy-havebegin-beonborrow-keepfinish-beovercome/arrive/reach/gopen-beopenetto-bein gclose-beclosoout-beoutedleave-beawaydie-bedead1.have 代替 buy6My brother has had this bike for alm ost four years.2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrowI have kept the book for

8、quite a few days.3、用 be 替代 becomeHow long has your sister been a teac her?4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day b efore yesterday.5、用 wear 代替 put on6、用 be+ 代替 终止性动词用“ be形容词”代终止性动词1、be married 代5、be awake 代 wmarryake/wakeup2、beill 代 fall (g6、be gone 代 loset) ille,die,sell,le

9、ave3、be dead 代 di7、beopen 代 opeen4、be asleep 代 f8、be closed 代 clall (get)asleepose/shut79、bemissing(gone,lost) 代 lose用“ be副词”代终止性动词1“beon”代start,begin2“beup”代 get up3“beback(to ) ”代return to,comeback to,go backto4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here 或 go (arrive,reach,get)there 等等用“ be介词短语”

10、代终止性动词“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to用 be in the army 代替 join the army举例：常用瞬间动词变 延续性动词have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached e/gone/moved to sw. have been in/at/on sw have come/gone back/returned have beenback83. have come/gone outhave been outhave become have beenhave got up have been up ；have fallen

11、 asleep/got to sleep have been asleep ；7. have finished/ended/completed have beenover；8. have begun have been on9. have borrowed/boughthave kept/had10. have/has gone to have been in9现在完成时练习 (一)A)选用 have, has 填空:1.I _ told him the news.2.She _ come back from school.B)按要求改写下列各句:4.They have bought a co

12、mputer.(改成否定句)_5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)_单项选择6. -Where have you _, Kate?-Ive _ to the bank.A. gone, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. been, gone7. Her grandfather _ for two years.A. diedB. has diedC. has been deadD. has been10died8. Its six weeks _ I met you last.A. whenB. sinceC

13、. beforeD. for9. Tom and Jack have arrived at West Hill Farm already.A. have gotB. have gone toC. have been toD.have reached现在完成时练习（二）一、 单项选择。1 、 Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_whats happened to him. knew . have known . must know .willknow2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever

14、 . still 3、Have you met Mr Li _ ？. just . ago.before. a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the pasttwo years . is writing .was writing .wrote .haswritten5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes . I hope it will be even _ .11. has changed ; well . changed ; good . has changed ; better . changed

15、 ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for twoyears . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen. saw.see9、These farmers h

16、ave been to the United States .Really ? When _ there ?. will they go. did they go. do they go. have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished. Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished. will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . j

17、oined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago .12. were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ?About two months . been . gone . come. arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun. had begun. has been

18、 on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . Was二、 句型转换。1、He has never surfed, _?（反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问)have they been here?3、The old man last year.He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义句转换) This factory _ _for twe

19、nty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ an hourago.136、Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_ _ _ two years _ the Greenfamily moved to France.8、The bus has arrived her

20、e. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)_三、 汉译英。1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。 Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、 他昨天收到一封信。He received a letter yesterday.3、我父亲以前到过长城。My father has been to the GreatWall before.4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。She hasnt seen the newfilm yet.5、 她去过上海。She has been to

21、 Shanghai.6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？ Where has he been these14days？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与 already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before （以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故 2 应选 B。3、C4、现在完成时常与 recently（近来），so

22、far （到目前为止）， in the past/ “last一+段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故 4 应选 D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或 since + 过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故 6 应选 C。7、C158、现在完成时还与 once（一次），twice（两次），three times （三次），several times （几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故 8 应选 B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（