从《宠儿》透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长

1、从?宠儿?透视美国黑人女性的悲剧与成长abstrattnirrisnisthenlyafr-aeriananriterhinsthenbelprizefrliterature,andherrksareell-knnfrvividiages,piusetinsandprfundthughts.herrksarealayspresentednbehalfftheblakenandfullftragedies.ageneraltheegesthrughallherfitins:thetragilifeftheblakpepleandthenflitbeteenthehiteultureandtheb

2、lakulture.inbelved,rrisntellspepleastryabutablakslaveanhhasatragilifebutnevergivesupherfaithinself-grth.thrughthedifferentgringexperienesfthreegeneratins,thefitinrevealsthehublepsitinftheblakenandtheirdiffiultpressfgrthundertheppressinfraisandsexis.nthenehandrrisnshstherealsituatinftheblakenfradisti

3、ntpintfvie,anddenstratestheirpainsandsufferings.nthetherhand,thrughthetragistryfbelved,rrisnalsshspeplethegreatstrengthandself-grthftheblaken.althughthegringpressisfullfdiffiulties,theblaken,thrughtheeffrtsfgeneratins,finallybuildtheselvesup,andbravelyfaethepresentandthefuture.keyrdsblaken;disriinat

4、inandppressin;tragedy;strength;grth摘要托尼莫里森是美国唯一一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的黑人女性作家，其小说以鲜明的形象,丰富的感情和深入的思想而著名,她的作品总是代表着黑人女性并充满了悲剧色彩。在她的小说中始终可以感受到一个主题：“美国黑人命运的残酷，以及白人文化和黑人传统文化之间的冲突和对峙。在?宠儿?中，莫瑞森就讲述了一个生活在悲剧中但却始终不放弃信念的黑人女奴的悲惨故事；通过三代人不同的成长经历展现了处于弱势地位的黑人妇女在种族主义和性别主义的双重压迫下困难的心路历程。一方面，莫里森用她独特的视角讲述黑人妇女真实的处境，使人们可以强烈深入地感受到黑人妇女的痛

5、苦经历。另一方面，通过?宠儿?的悲剧故事，莫里森向人们展示了黑人妇女的力量与自我成长。尽管成长的过程充满荆棘，但通过一代又一代的努力，黑人女性最终成长起来，开场英勇地面对如今和将来。关键词黑人妇女；歧视和压迫；悲剧；力量；成长intrdutintnirrisnisthenlyafr-aeriananriterhinsthenbelprizefrliterature.itnfirsherrennandakeshernefthestinfluentialritersinaeriahistry.frthebluesteyetlve,eahfherfitinshasexertedvibratingin

6、hefitinsftnirrisn,thereisadistintandeternaltheehihanbefeltandtuhedlearly:thetragilifeftheblakpepleandthenflitbeteenthehiteultureandtheblakulture.belved,afausfitinbytnirrisnin1987hihinsthe1988pulitzerprize,bestexeplifiesthetheeandherthughtsabuttheblaks,espeiallytheblaken.th

7、estryfbelvedesfratrueevent:in1850,argaretgarner,akentukyfugitiveslavean,uldratherhsedeathfrherselfandherhildrenthanbeingreturnedtslavery.butshenlykilledneandtheresterereapturedandsld(zhu144).hentnirrisnheardthisstry,sheasdeeplyvedanddeidedtritednit.after10yearsfgestatingand3yearsfriting,shefinallyfi

8、nishedthisgreatrk.neitaspublished,itshkthehleaerianliteraryirleandulturalirle,andasnsideredailestneinthehistryfafr-aerians.peplealaysthinkthattheblakenarequettish,rude,strngandhuble,andtheyanbearrepressurethanthehiteen.hever,rrisnarguesthattheyarerng.thrughherfitinsrrisnrevealsthattheblakenhavethesa

9、eetinjustastherpepled.rrisnisalaysprudfherblakstatus.infat,theblakenntributealttaeria,andeventthehlerld,buttheystillantbeaeptedbythesiety.atually,pepleknverylittleabuttheblaken,andabutthetrublestheyetandtherespettheyshuldgetintheirrk,intheirarriage,intheirharaterasather,intheirspirituallifeandtheirb

10、elief.rrisnalaystriestexpressttherpeplethatthughtheblakenhaveatragilifetheynevergiveuptheirfaithinself-grth,andthughtheirgringpressisfullfdiffiulties,theyfinallybuildtheselvesup,andbravelyfaethepresentandthefuture.i.thetragedyandgrthftheblakena.thetragedyftheblakenrrisnhsesthe124husenbluestneradinin

11、innatiasthesenefthestry.thetieis1873.althughitas18yearsaghensheesapedfrtheseetheandkilledherdaughter.itasstillastrngeryinsethesind.atthebeginningfthefitin,itsaidthat“124asspiteful.fullfababysven.but“by1873setheandherdaughterdenverereitsnlyvitis.(rrisn3).thebabyghstasalaysinthehuse.itspeededthegrandt

12、hersdeath,andadethelittledaughterdenvereentri.thehlestrybeginsithaysteriusabiene,anditisevenlikeaghststry.inrrisnsind,brutalatfrhuanbeingisruelerthanslaveryitself,sshebitterlyattaksitanddesribestherealsituatinfblakslavesintherld:hitepeplebelievedthathatevertheanners,undereverydarkskinasajungle.siftu

13、nnavigableaterssingingsreaingbabns,sleepingsnakes,redgusreadyfrtheirseethitebld.therelredpeplespenttheirstrengthtryingtnvinethehgentletheyere,hleverandlving,hhuan,theretheyusedtheselvesuptpersuadehitesfsethingnegresbelieveduldntbequestined,thedeeperandretangledthejunglegreinside.thesreaingbabnlivedu

14、ndertheirnhiteskin;theredguseretheirn.(rrisn198)inbelved,theshlteaherisatypialhitean;heseestbeipartialandbjetive.buthatheandhisnephesdidasreallybrutal:inrdertds-alledresearh,heusedtgaugetheblakslaves,likethedraughtanials.nefthenepheshadnursedsethehilehisbrtherheldherdn.thehitepepledgdrevilthingsjust

15、astheylike,andtheblakpeplehavenhies,butreeiveall.iththeingfthedernsiety,thesientifiandderatispirithasbeenputarundtheunitedstates,butnevertheafria-aerians.theghstsftheblakslavesaretheirrefutableevidene.rrisnnesaid,herrksarefrtheblakpepletheselves.theblakpepleshuldlvetheselves;espeiallytheblakenneedds

16、.inbelved,sethehastkillherdaughter,andundubtedlythatsabigtragedy.besides,belvedherselfisatragedyt.sheestthisrldatarngtie,andiskilledbyherther.hensheesbak,sheistreatedasanevil.attheendfthebelved,rrisnrites:everybdyknehatsheasalled,butnbdyanyhereknehernae.disreeberedandunauntedfr,sheanntbelstbeausenne

17、islkingfrher,andeveniftheyere,hantheyallheriftheyknhernae?althughshehaslai,heplaeherelnggrasspens,thegirlhaitedtbelvedandryshaeeruptsintherseparateparts,takeiteasyfrtheheinglaughtertsallherallaay.(rrisn274)althughthedaughtersnaeisbelved,shenevergetslve.nbdylvesher,sheisjustnsideredag

18、hst,andeverybdyexpelsher.infat,theblakenarebrntbelkeddnupn.theyarelkeddnupnbythehitepeple,andevenbyseblakale.satually,theyarethesttragipepleintherld.theyalayshavetbearthepainsandsufferingsbthfrraeandsexdisriinatinhihisheavilyipsednthe.theblakenarelkeddnupnfrthelrftheirskinallthetie.althughtheaeriann

19、stitutinsaysthateveryneisequalinthesiety.butinreality,lredpeple,espeiallytheblaken,neverhaveequalrightsandrespet.theyusuallystayatthebttfthesiety.inaeriansiety,generally,peplehldtheideathatnlythehitepepleareintheainstrea.theyuldliketdivideaeriansintseverallasses.fursethehitepeplearethefirstlasspeple

20、,andtheyaretheenterfthesiallife.therearenblaksrtherlredpeplehanbethepresident,reventheleadingffiers.frthehitepeple,theybelievetheyare,undubtedly,superirttheblakpeple;theblakpepleerebrntbeslaves,rthelestlasspeple.atthelatefthe19thentury,theblakpepleshuanrightsandivilrightshadbeenaeptedinla,butinprati

21、etheyerestillppressedphysilgiallyandintelligently.frla,itpresribesthateveryneisequal,butitdesntpresribethatthehiteandblakpepleansittgether,sharethepubliequipenttgether,rrktgether.therefre,inanyplaes,thehitesandtheblaksaresegregated.inrestaurant,therearethehiteszneandtheblakszne;inthetrain,therearedi

22、hepast,theblakpepleeretldthatthereasnhytheyereblakasbeausetheirbldasblak,andtheyeredyediththeblakbld.sanyblakentriedtfindhusbandshiherehitertixbeausetheybelievedthattheblaknessulddisappearinthatay.inbelved,grandababysuggspnderedlrduringherlstyears.“tkheralngti

23、etfinishithblue,theyell,thengreen.sheasellintpinkhenshedied.(rrisn201)sheusedthelittleenergyleftherfrpnderingallkindsflrs,exeptredandblakhihreferstthebldandtheblakpeple.shesaid,thelrsuldnthurtpeple.hever,itsthelrthatreallyhurtspeple,hehitespinin,beingdarkisugly,andblakisequ

24、altevil,hilebeinghiteisbeautiful.thentheblakenerefaedithevenreprbles.theirfiguresereusuallyabused,disparaged,distrtedandevenusedaseapnstattaktheselves.anyblakenuldntbearsuhiseries,theyhadtabandntheirnfigures,hesiety,enarensideredtbeindependent,ffensive,petitive,ratinal,andintrepid,hi

25、leenaresuhagrupthatstftheareppressedbysexdisriinatin.anyblakenfeelthattheyalaysseetheselvesthrughtherseyes,treasuretheirnsulsbythehitesrule,andtherldalayslksdnupntheandshsnerytthe.theyreallyfeelhrrrintheirinnerheart.theysufferntnlyintheirsuls,butalsintheirbdies.althugh“everybdyhashislibertyandright.

26、(詹妮特412),fealeisunequaltaleeveryhere,frexaple,inthefailyfealeusuallytakesnallthehuserk,hsedays,endidnthavetheirrightsandasntrespeted.theyerejustlikeensaessries.theblakenadentr

27、ibutinsttheunitedstates,andthesietyhadneverstppedenjyingthebenefitsadebythe.butasablakan,natterhsartsheis,huhabilityshehas,andhbeautifulsheis,shealsantbeaeptedeasilybythehitesiety.theyarestilldisriinatedandrashedbypeplesldprejudiialideas,andareruledbytherldfthehitepeple.theldideahldsthatifablakaniss

28、trng,sheisntbeautiful,andevenanntberegardedasaan;butifshedesaservantrk,preparingfdandsettingakidtgtshl,sheustbestupid.therefre,theblakpeplearelkedthrughglassesithlr.natterhattheyd,theyalayssufferfrdisriinatin;natterhsuessfultheyget,theyarestilllkeddnupnfrtheirblakskins.thatisabiginjuryintheirinnerhe

29、art,andthepublipininandpressuregivethetheallusinthattheyanntdanything.theyhavetaitfrthedefinitinandevaluatinbythehitepeple.iththeriseffeinistveent,seenbegantrealizethattheyshuldhavetheirrights.then,enbegantfightfrtheirnrights.butstfthearehiteen;theyjustfightfrthehite.hever,theyexludedtheblakenfrgett

30、ingintthe.s,henthehiteengraduallyintheirrightsinplitialrenireal.theblakenarestillppressedandhavetlivetragilives.beausetheppressinisdubled,theyhavetbeartheppressinbthfrtheenandthehiteen.sehiteensaidthattheyallfrthesisterhdithutraialis,andtheyanttlettheblakenjinthetgetherfrthisveent.itseesthattheyjust

31、anttinvite“theguesttheblakenasahst.s,anyblakenbelievedthatitisntgdfrtheanditisuselessfrthettakepartintheveenttfightfrthehiteen.therefre,itanbesaidthattheraialdisriinatinillexistfralngtiebeausefthesialsyste,andtheblakenillstillliveintheirtragilivesfralngtie.b.thegrthftheblakenthereisattfirishrevlutin

32、“yushuldsallyutbyyurselfifyuantliberty(詹妮特467)thatsfitfrtheblakenabslutely.theblakenustfightbytheselvestinthelibertyandrights.andals,peplealayssaythatherethereisppressin,thereisresistane.theblakenssituatinisbad,buttheyneverlsetheirfaith.theyareakingunreittingeffrtstfindtheiraystabetterfuture.thatsth

33、eirstrengthandgrth.beauseftheslavery,grandababysuggsasdeprivedfrightstbethethersfriend,daughter,ife,therandsn,andshehadsevenhildren,butasallednlytleaveherlittlesnhallebyherside.thisishernlyhanetbeather.butatthattie,thehildrenftheslavethersdntbelngtthe;allfthearetheprivateprpertyftheslavener,andliket

34、hetlsfrkers,theyaretreatedequaltthelivestk.babysuggshatesthehitesveryuhandshehpesthereisalearplaeleftfrher.buthenthehitesbreakinttheyard,sheandnthing,butjustaeptit,pnderinglrandaitingfrdeath.befreshehasbeenransed,shehasnideasabutherself.aftershegetsfreed,sherealizesthatiftheblaksanttgetliberty,theys

35、huldkntheirnvalue,andlearntlvetheselves.s,intheds,sheappealsherpatritsfrlvingtheselves:lveyurhands!lvethe.raisetheupandkissthe.tuhthersiththe,patthetgether,strkethenyursfaeausetheydntlvethateither.yugttlveit,yu!andallyurinsidepartsthattheydjustassnslpfrhgs,yugttlvethe.thedark,darklveit,lveit,andtheb

36、eatandbeatingheart,lvethatt.rethaneyesrfeet.rethanlungsthathaveyettdrafreeair.rethanyurlife-hldingbandyurlife-givingprivateparts,hearen,lveyurheart.frthisistheprize.(rrisn89)bviusly,lvingtheselvesisthefirststepthattheblakbegintfindtheirnidentityandgrup.infat,theblakenareneveryieldttheutside.hensethe

37、getstknthattheshlteaherandhisnephesaredingresearhabutblakslavesandputsethes“huanharateristisntheleft;heranialnesntheright,(rrisn193)sheisshkedandsearsthatsheuldneverallherhildsharaterististbeputntheanialsside.s,henherhusbandhalleandsixsfirstesapeplanfails,shereslutelydeidestesapealneandthenshedesit.

38、inthissense,sethesesapeisthedenstratinfherstrengthandself-grth.henshekillsherdaughter,herintenseaternallveisdriventextrees.thateansthataslavefirstlydinateshernlife.undubtedly,sheusesherurageandstrengththallengethesiety.henpauld,herbyfriend,knsthetruthfthefatsabutsetheskillingatter,heausesher“yurlvei

39、stthik.butsheansers,“lveisritaint.thinlveaintlveatall.(rrisn164)here,anatinalityhihhaslsttheirrdsfralngtiefinditsnsundsandharatersfraan.rrisnhsestheenhareppressedbyraeandsextbetheleadingatrsfhernatinalherepi,andtfindaayutfrthenatinality.thatdesntdisbeythenatinalhistry,theatualatualities,andthestreng

40、thfblaken,butebdieshernsistentthinkingabuttheblaken.hentheshlteaherising,sethedeidestkillherhildrentexhangetheirlastingfreed.hensheutsthebabysthrat,shebelievesthatshehastherighttexhangeherlifefrfreed.atthatent,sethehasalreadybeguntfindseaystgetlibertyanddeterineherhildrensdestinyherself.andfrdenver,

41、attheendfthebelved,shefinallyrealizesthenlyaytprtethertheris“sheuldhavetleavetheyard,stepfftheedgeftherld,leavethetbehindandgasksebdyfrhelp(rrisn243)“knit,andgnuttheyard.gn.(rrisn244)iththeenurageentfherpassedgranda,denverfinallyhastheuragetguttheyard,andfundherfirstjb,thenthesend,andthethird.henpau

42、ldantstexpresshispininabutbelved,shestpshi,“ihaveyn.(rrisn267)denvergesutftheyardithself-nfidene,sheknshsheis,andfinallyshehasfundheridentity.thethreeenshangesdenstratethegringpressftheblaken.natterhhardthesituatinis,hepast,peplealaysthinkthattheyaretheeakgrup.butth

43、eydntaeptit;theyprvetheirstrengthintheirnays.andfrrrisn,shealshashernaystshherspiritfresistane.hensheisntafausauthrattheverybeginning,herrkisrefusedtbepublishedfrseveralties.butshedesgiveup.finally,sheakesit.shebeesaveryfauspersnandinsthenbelprize.infae,shealaysritesstriesfrtheblaken,andsheisverypru

44、dfherstatus.shenesaidthat,sheisntnlyablakriter,butreiprtantly,ablakfealeriter.shejustusesherrkstprvethattheblakenillntalaysbesilentandpassive.theblakenillgraduallybreaktheprejudieagainsttheandgruppsyhlgiallyandintelletually.thereisafausasefbrnvsbardfeduatininthehistryftheirstrugglesandgrth.brnisabla

45、kgirl,andthusisrefusedtgintthehitesshlbeausefraialsegregatin,butshedesntaeptit.sherejetsitandausesthebardfeduatin.atlast,thehighurtjudgessheinstheaseandshefinallyangintthisshlequallyiththehitestudents.undubtedly,theblakennillntjustaitfrppressin.theirnaiistverthrtheideathattheyshuldbebedient.theyallf

46、rrespetanddeandtshareeduatin,hanes,dutiesandrights.theyarentillingtstayathe,andsubrdinatettheirhusbandsanylnger.infat,therearereandreutstandingblakenheut,andbuildupanyassiatinstallfrtheirrightshihtheyughtthave.graduallytheblakengintshlsandhavethesaehanesfreduatin,andeintthesietyandhavethesaehanesfrv

47、ting.theyknthughtheradfrtheisverydiffiulttg,theystillbelievethattheyanakeit.theyillntstptheirfightinguntiltheygettheirrights.infat,thrughtheireffrts,thesituatinftheblakenisgettingbetter.furse,theystillhaveanyhindranes,butrepeplearehangingtheirideasabuttheblaken.gradually,theblakenarenttreatedasahine

48、shiharealaysdingtheashing,kingrevenjustgivingbirththildrenanyre.nadays,theblakenhavetheiruninsrassiatins,andreandreblakenbegintjinthe.theyanexpresstheirviesthrughtheseunins.reiprtantly,theybegintdenstratetheirgrthandstrengthinanyfields.therearetheblakensfiguresinanypanies,andseftheareevenintheanagee

49、hissense,theblakenhavealreadyprvedtheirvalueandiprtane.theyareneverlakfperandstrength.ii.blakennadaystday,reandrepeplerealize,thughtseiprveentftheblakenssialpsitin,thatitisaprblethattheblakenarestilltreatediprperly.theyhavefundtheblakensadvantagesandknthey

50、areasthesaeastherpeples.afternstantstruggles,thesituatinisgettingbetter,andreandreblakenaregraduallyaeptedbythesiety.aftertheyareppressedbyraialdisriinatinandsexdisriinatinfrseveralenturies,theblakenntnlybegintfeedtheirfaily,butalsbeeleadersfpaniesrstarsinedia.andseftheareeveninthearyrthegvernent.th

51、erearealsanyblakeninthenatinalrrldsathletispetitinshntinuuslyinthefirstplae,andbreakthererd.theydaverygdjbinanyareas.frexaple,inliterature,nes,usi,dane,draa,andsiene,theyakeverygreatntributinstbthaeriaandtherld,andangthearethetalkshqueenprahinfrey,thepetayaangelu,thefirstafria-aerianfealepiltdtrayja

52、isn,thetennisathletevenusillias,theviestaralfreddard,thedanerjudithjaisn,thepainterfaith,andfursethenvelisttnirrisnallfthearetalented,beautifulandthughtful.theyshtheirnstrengthandpertthehlerld.frexaple,thetalkshqueenprahinfreyisablak,andalsaan.shegrsupinaprfaily,butnevergivesupherstudy.henshefirstta

53、kesajbasthehstfatvprgra,anypepledetestsherbeausesheisablak.sheusesheraiablehartinthenfiratinandagreeent.atthattie,thetalkshisdinatedbyan,butafterprahsappearane,thesituatinishanged.shesharesherpainfulexperienesandfrustratinithpeple.peplelveherprgra,andakeanidlfher.n,sheisnefthestinfluentialandriheste

54、n,andbeesasyblfaeria.shesaysthatshebelievessheanprvetthehlerldithherstrugglethatthereisaaytthetruth.andthereisantherdelinaerianplitis,ndleezzarie.herlegendisidelyaknledged;shehasagdeduatinalbakgrund;sheisverysharpinplitialprbles,andisalsgdatpian.hersuessprvesthatblakenanbeasthesaeasthehites.undubted

55、ly,sheisinfluenedbytrlds:neisthepastexperienesftheblaksppressedbythehites,andthetheristhepresentandthefuturehihperatesiththehite.itshardtiaginethathsheanhandlethenflitsbeteenthetrlds.thereisneverablakanhanpssesssgreatperinaerianplitisbefre.butatuallysheakesit.bviusly,allthedelsentinedabvearegddelste

56、nuragetheblakenthattheyandanythinghihtherpeplesand.nlusinthrughbelved,tnirrisnshsthepressfgrthfthreegeneratinsftheblaken.theldgeneratinrealizedtheiriseries,buttheydntknhthangethesituatin,stheyjustaeptthe;thesendgeneratinisunillingtbeppressed,stheytrytfindaayut.attheendfthefitin,thethirdgeneratinfina

57、llyfindstheirnidentity,andthenbeginstbuildupabetterfuture.inaerianhistry,thereareanyenveents,andtherearereandrepepleheuttbeagainstraialdisriinatin.theblakenhavebeenryingfrequaltreatentandtheyhavednealtfrit.theyauntfr7perentfppulatinfhleaeria,buttheydnthavetherealunderstandingandaeptanefrtherpeples,e

58、speiallythehites,andthesiety.nadays,therearestillrethan60perentftheblakenharentsatisfiediththesituatinftheblaksinthesiety.andnearly50perentftheblakenarentsatisfiediththeirnsituatininthesiety.infat,theyarestillinfluenedandntrlledbythehites,butfrtunately,theblakennhavereandrehanestshtheirvaluesandstrength.t