初高中衔接时态和语态上课

1、关于初高中衔接时态与语态上课第1页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四谓语动词的时态和语态 谓语动词的时态：动作发生的时间决定了动词的形态。 时间名 称主动形态(以do为例）现在一般现在时现在进行时现在完成时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时将来一般将来时do 或doesis (am/ are) doinghave/ has donedidwas/ were doinghad donewould do或was/ were going to dowill do 、shall do或 is / am / are going to do第2页，共22页，2022年，5月2

2、0日，12点4分，星期四1.一般现在时：主语是第三人称单数时动词+s的变化规则1)直接加s. 如：get/gets play/plays2)以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加es. 如：watch/watches3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加es. 如：study/studies第3页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四2.现在/过去进行时：动词+ing 变化规则1) 直接加ing. 如：climb/climbing2) 去e加ing. 如：write/writing3) 双写加ing. 如：run/running第4页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，

3、12点4分，星期四3. A) 规则动词的过去式、过去分词：动词+ed 一般过去时：变为过去式 现在/过去完成时：have/has/had+过去分词; 被动语态：be+过去分词 1.直接在词尾加-ed. 如：ask-asked2.以不发音e结尾的动词直接加d. 如：arrive-arrived3.辅音字母+y 结尾，y改成i+ed. 如：studystudied 元音字母+y 结尾，直接+ed 如：played4.双写最后的辅音字母再加ed. 如：stopstopped B)不规则动词的过去式、过去分词（见不规则动词表） 如：bewas/were- been第5页，共22页，2022年，5月20

4、日，12点4分，星期四give give/ gives2) is / am/ are giving3) have/ has given4) gave5) was/ were giving6) had given7) would give was/ were going to give8) will give is/ am / are going to givelearn1) learn/ learns2) is/ am/ are learning3) have/ has learned4) learned5) was/ were learning6) had learned7) would l

5、earn was/ were going to learn8) will learn is/ am/ are going to learn第6页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四如何判断谓语动词的时态（动作发生的时间）一.一般现在时 (do/ does) (表示客观事实或真理; 表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或状态. 常用的时间状语有sometimes / often / always /usually/ seldom/ every (morning) / on Sundays / in the morning等 )futurepastnowThe earth moves a

6、round the sun.Water boils at 100.3. We always care for each other and help each other.4. The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.5. Columbus proved that the earth is round.第7页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四futurepastnow二. 一般过去时 (did) (表示过去发生的动作或状态或过去经常习惯性发生的动作. 常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示). 时间状语有:last wee

7、k / two days ago / the other day / in 1990 /this morning / just now/ in the past/ yesterday/ often等. 注意: 凡有具体的过去时间状语的均用一般过去时I met him in the street yesterday.2. The students went to the Great Wall last Sunday.3. When she was in Shanghai, she often came to see me.4. We often played Ping-pong when we

8、were in college.5. Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.第8页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四futurepastnow三. 一般将来时( will/ shall do或 is/ am / are going to do) (表示将来要发生的动作或状态. be going to do表示打算,计划 要做的事或据已有的迹象将发生的动作。表将来的时间状语有: tomorrow/ next week / in the future / soon / this evening

9、/ in two days / in 2030等)He will be back in a few days.2. Where shall we meet the day after tomorrow?3. We are going to have a class meeting next Monday.4. I will/ shall return you the book as soon as possible.5. Look at the clouds. It is going to rain.第9页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四futurepastnow四. 现

10、在进行时( is / am / are doing ) “正” 表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。还用在少数 表渐变的动词(get/ become/ turn/ grow/)常用的时间 状语有: now, at present, at the moment等We are having our English class now.2. Im looking for a pair of black shoes.3. They are working in a factory these days.4. Im writing a book about English grammar.5. T

11、hey are visiting Beijing this week.6. The weather is getting colder and colder.第10页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四五. 过去进行时 ( was / were doing) 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作; 或者 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when 或while引导的时间状语从句中。常用的时间状语有:at that time at this time yesterday/ from nine to ten yesterday evening/ while

12、all day yesterday/ the whole morning / / whenfuturepastnowAt that time, he was working in a university.2. What were you doing at this time yesterday?3. When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.4. He was reading a novel in the library this morning.第11页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四六. 现在完成时 (

13、 have / has done)“已经” 1) 表示过去的动作对现在的影响和结果,即”从过去到现在有没 有做过某事” already/ yet/ just/ never/ ever/ twice futurepastnowHe has already finished his work.2. We have visited the city three times.3. I have seen this film.第12页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四2) 表示从过去某一时刻持续到现在的动作或状态. 时间状语有: for five years/ since two d

14、ays ago/ so far/ by now/ till now up to now / recently/ lately/ in the past ten years. 注意: 短暂性动作不能与表示段时间连用,如: borrow-havefuturepastnow动作leavediemarryjoinbegin状态be awaybe deadbe marriedbe inbe on1. I have studied English for six years.2. They have lived in the city since 1988.3. -How long have you be

15、en here? 你到这儿多长时间了? -I have been here for an hour. 我到这儿一个小时了.have arrived第13页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四七. 过去完成时 ( had done) 1)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已发生或完成的动作. 即 动作发生的时间是 “过去的过去”. futurepastnowWe had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month.He found the book that he had lost.3. I didnt know I had given yo

16、u so much trouble.4. Until then, he had known nothing about it. 5. After he (had) finished his work, he went to bed. 第14页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四2)表示从过去某一时间延续到另一过去时间的动作. 常用的 时间状语有: by +过去时间( then/ the end of last month/ by the time we got home); 段时间+before (如: two days before); for; since futurep

17、astnowWhen he came, I had worked for 3 hours.2) She had only been here for ten minutes when Jim came in.3) The boy told his mother that he had been ill since he came back from the school.had been working 第15页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四八. 过去将来时 ( would/should do 或was/ were going to do) 表示从过去的某一时间看来要发

18、生的动作或状态futurepastnowI thought they would come to help me.2. They knew that there was going to be several problems.3. They told me that they would have a class meeting.4. She said that she would go there by herself.第16页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四谓语动词的被动形态是由be done 构成. 它也有各种时态. 其变化规则是由be 的各种时态决定的. don

19、e 不变. be 1. 动词原形: be2. 现在分词: being3. 过去分词: been4. 过 去 式: was / were5. 一般现在时: is / am / are 第17页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四时间名 称被动形态(以do为例)现在一般现在时done现在进行时现在完成时过去一般过去时过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时将来一般将来时含有情态动词(can/must.)is/ am/ areis/ am/ are being have / has beenwas/ werewas / were beinghad beenwould bewill be情态动

20、词 +be 第18页，共22页，2022年，5月20日，12点4分，星期四1)一般现在时: You _(require) to do this2)一般过去时: The story_(tell) by her3)一般将来时: The problem _(discuss) tomorrow4 现在进行时: The road _(widen) now. 5)过去进行时: The new tool _(make) at that time6)现在完成时: The novel _(read) many times already7)过去完成时: He said that the work _(finish)8)过去将来时: He said that the trees_(plant) soon9)含有情态动词: Measures _(should/take) to protect rare animals.主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式叫主动语态主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态 are requiredwas toldwill be discussedis being widenedwas being madehas been readhad been finishe