初中英语语法八大时态总结

1、初中英语语法八大时态一一般现在时结构1.结构肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词） dont/doesnt +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式:dont = do notdoesnt = does not例句：He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.用法2.用法表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频

2、度的副词连用。alwaysoften、usuallyseldomneversometimesevery week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.例如：All my family love football .My sister is always ready to help others .Ann write

3、s good English but does not speak well.3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.He comes back tonight.来要发生的动作。例如： Ill tell him the news when he comes back.If

4、 you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.二一般过去时态二一般过去时态结构1.结构肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didnt +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯主语+did(否)No,主语+did not基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be 动词was/were+notwas/were 提前，放于句首行为动词didnt+do(动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）2.用法2.用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状

5、语 yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(yearnightmonth),at theage of 5,one dayonce upona time等连用例如：Where did you go just now?After a few years, she started to play the piano.表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与 often,always 例如：When I was a c

6、hild, I often played football in the street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。today,this week,this month,this year 语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在”“此时此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？三一般将来时三一般将来时结构1.结构结构 1：肯定句式：主语+助动词 will+动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+will+动词原形+not+其他主语+动词原形+简单回答：在口语中，will 在名词或代词后常缩为ll，wii not 常简缩为 wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（

7、I we）shall例如：Shell go to play basketball.Shall we go to the zoo?结构 2：肯定句式：主语+be going to +动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他简略回答：（肯主语+be（否）No,主语+be not2.用法2.用法tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soonina few minutes, bythe dayafter tomorrow等连用。例如：Ill meet you at t

8、he school gate tomorrow morning.beafraid,be/feelsure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词 perhaps,possibly,maybe 等连用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper.Maybe shell go to the gym.将来时其他表示法11）begoingto表示将来表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?The play is going to be produced

9、next month。注意：be going to will 之间的区别。在时间上：be going to will 间，可以指遥远的未来。He is going to be better. He will be better.计划/临时：两者都表示意图时，be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思；will 则指未经过预先思What are you going to do next What are you going to do next Sunday?Im going to go fishing.Where is the telephone book?Ill go and get

10、it for you.两者都用于预测时，be going to 意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will 话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。在条件状语从句中，be going to表将来,will 表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.bea

11、boutto动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow,nextweek等表示明确将来时的时when引导的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.四现在进行时四现在进行时结构：1.结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词用法：2.用法：（指说话人说话时now,rightnow,atthismoment,attime,thesedays等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词look、listen等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。例如：We are waiting for you now.Listen! The bird is singing

12、in the tree.2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的态。）He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3）.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get,

13、grow,become,turn,run,go,begin例如：The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.5）、表示移位的动词，如 go,come,leave,start,arrive 例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。The train is arriving soon. 注：不能用进行时态的动词类别类别感官类感觉类认知类存在类占有、从属类短暂动作类举例See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wi

14、sh,prefer Believe,think,understand,forget,remember Appear,exist,lie,remain Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist ofAccept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五现在完成时五现在完成时结构：1.结构：肯定句：主语+助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词-ed否定句：主语+助动词去分词-ed一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？特殊疑问句：+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+？2.用法2.用

15、法含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用, already,yet,just,before,recently,lately等Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。I havent seen much ofhimrecentlyWe have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?现在完成时中的时间状语：al

16、ready 通常用于肯定句中，意为已经，位于行为动词之前, be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？yet 用于疑问句中表示已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。例如：Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？No, not yet.是, 还没有。ever 意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如： Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那

17、里吗？Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事。never 意为（曾经）从未、没有, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever 与否定词not 连用相当于 never。例如：I havent ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话。just 意为刚刚, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。 just now 意为刚才, 表示过去某时, 用于一

18、般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可。e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来。for since for 时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970. I havent seen her since she leftShanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.have/hasgone to、have/has beento 和have/hasbeen in 的区别have/ has gone to

19、去了,在去某地的路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to曾经去过, 人已经回来了have/ has been in已经在, 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去过上海。She has been in Shanghai for ten years.10 年了。Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?for since 间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.I havent seen muc

20、h ofhimrecentlyWe have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:come / go / arrive / get / reach / move- be in/at open - be opendie - be close - be closedbecome -beborrow - keepput on - wearbuy - haveleave - be away (from)begin / start - be onfall asl

21、eep - be asleepend/finish - be overcatch a cold - have a coldjoin the army - be in the army,be a soldier例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。join the Party- be in the Party , be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has

22、had this pen since 2007It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4）.在表示最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等表示“It is the best (worst, most interesti

23、ng名词 that” 后面跟现在完成时。例：This is my first time that I have visited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written.have/hasbeento + 曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have / has gone to + 地点 “到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：He has gone to Shanghai.

24、他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。六过去完成时六过去完成时结构：1.结构：助动词 had动词过去分词用法：2.用法：与“bytheendof/by/before+过去时间构成的短语连用。例如：The train had already left before we arrived.He said that he had learned some English before.By the end of last term, we had learned five English songs.表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用 when

25、,before,after 动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。When I got to the railway station, the train had already left.当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了 5 年。hope,want,plan,wish,expect, intend,mean,suppose等。例如：We had hoped that you w

26、ould come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。七过去进行时七过去进行时结构：1.结构：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing)2.用法：2.用法：表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时 间状语从句来表明，如：atthistimeyesterday，at7:00yesterday，lastnight,fromseventoninethattimewhen while引导的时间状语从句等。My family w

27、ere watching TV at that time yesterday. When I arrived,Tom was talking on the phone.What were you doing at 9:00 oclock yesterday morning.以when 另一个动作正在进行。When he called me , I was having dinner .（2）以while 译为“当的时候，同时”。Tom was doing his homework while his sister was watching TV .come,go,arrive,leave,st

28、art,begin,return 去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.八过去将来时态八过去将来时态将来1.1.结构a)would/should+动词原形b)was/were going to+动词原形2.用法2.用法引语中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock. 他说他会在九点之前完成工作。When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be

29、 .当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。would。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble, we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it .不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我

30、们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave .甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。选择The population of the worldstillnow. （2009甘肃兰州）has; grownB. is; growingC. will; growD. is; grown-Good evening. Ito see Miss Mary. （2009甘肃兰州）-Oh, good evening. Im sorry, but she is not in.have comeB. comeC. c

31、ameD. had come time for dinner. Where is your father, Emma? Hehis bike in the yard.（2009新疆阜康）cleanB. cleanedC. is cleaningD. will cleanIf youcarefully, youthe report well. （2009广州）will listen; will be understoodB. will listen; understandC. listen; will understandD. listen; understandTheyabout eight

32、hundred English words by the end of last term. （2009广州）will learnB. had learnedC. are going to learnD. have learnedHowdid the accident happen? （2009广州）You know, itdifficult to see the road clearly because it.was; was rainingB. is; has rainedC. is; is rainingD. will be; will rainAttention, please. Th

33、erea football game between China and Korea this evening.is going to beB. has beenC. hasD. will haveWhat does your sister like doing in her spare Shewatching（2009湖北武汉）likesB. likedC. has likedD. had likedWhenJessyto New Yesterday. （2009湖北武汉）does; getB. did; getC. has; gotD. had; gotHowclean the bedro

34、om is! （2009湖北武汉）Yes, I am sure that someoneit.cleansB. cleanedC. has cleanedD. had cleanedMy friendme. I have to leave now. （2009河北）waits forB. waited forC. is waiting forD. was waiting forBe sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he河北）will arriveB. was arrivingC. arrivesD. arrivedIthewrong thi

35、ng. Can I use your eraser? （2009河北）writeB. wroteC. am writingD. will write-Are you going to help John with his Chinese this evening? （2009ft东威海）-NO, Heto England. He will be back next month.returnedB. has returnedC. returnsD. will return won the first prize in the competition? （2009ft东烟台）-Henry. He

36、hasit for a week.is, wonB. is, gotC. has, hadD. has, been given-Is this the place that you? （2009四川成都）-No. Ive never been there before.have visitedB. will visitC. are visitingD.would visitItoutside. better take an umbrella with you. （2009江西）rainsB. is rainingC. rainedD. has rained-CanI help you? （20

37、09江西）-I bought this watch here yesterday, but itwork.wontB. C.doesntD. wouldntI used to love this film when I was young, but Iit that way any more. （2009江苏南京）dontfeelB. feelC. feltD. hadntfelt-How was your trip to the ancient village? （2009湖北宜昌）-Fantastic! Weto a museum of strange stones.goB. wentC. are goingD