杆塔工频接地电阻季节系数的监测、工频接地电阻、电气连接性判断、抗电流干扰水平、回路阻抗法增量的估算

1、（资料性附录）杆塔工频接地电阻季节系数的监测A.1 设计接地装置时，应计及土壤干燥或降雨和冻结等季节变化的影响，工频接地电阻在四季均应符合规范要求。A.2 杆塔工频接地电阻的季节系数可按下式计算：=Rj/R0式中：测量当月杆塔工频接地电阻季节系数；Zj测量当月杆塔工频接地电阻平均值；Z0雷季中无雨水时杆塔的工频接地电阻。A.3 输电线路杆塔工频接地电阻季节系数测量可采用人工定期测量方式，也可采用在线监测方式。测量时间不少于两年，每周测量一次。A.4 选择用于工频接地电阻季节系数测量的杆塔应具有地区代表性，如山地、平原、沿海以及不同土壤类型杆塔接地装置等。A.5 测量季节系数时，应同步记录测量时

2、间、降雨时间及气温等天气参数。提取雨后三天、无雨天气的数据，用于工频接地电阻季节系数的计算。（资料性附录）架空输电线路杆塔的工频接地电阻有避雷线的线路杆塔的工频接地电阻，在雷季干燥时，不宜超过表B.1所列数值。表B.1 有避雷线的线路杆塔的工频接地电阻土壤电阻率（m）1001005005001000100020002000接地阻抗（）1015202530注：如土壤电阻率超过2000m，接地阻抗很难降到30时，可采用68根总长不超过500m的放射形接地体，或采用连续伸长接地体，接地电阻不受限制。（资料性附录）接地装置与杆塔基础之间电气连接性的判断方法如果人工接地极与杆塔基础之间存在电气连接，采用

3、三极法测试时会有部分电流通过杆塔和避雷线分流，采用回路阻抗法测试时电流会通过基础和接地极之间的小电阻回路流通，从而使接地电阻的测量结果产生误差。本附录提供人工接地极与杆塔基础之间是否存在电气连接的判断方法，具体步骤如下：（1）解开全部接地引下线，并将各接地引下线短接；（2）采用数字万用表电阻档测量接地引下线与杆塔之间的回路电阻；（3）当测量阻值在数及以上，或者阻值在数以下但阻值显著变动时，认为接地装置与杆塔基础之间不存在电气连接；当测量阻值为数以下且较为稳定时，认为接地装置与杆塔基础之间存在电气连接。（资料性附录）电阻测试仪抗电流干扰水平的测试采用回路阻抗法测试接地电阻时，运行中的架空输电线路

4、在测试回路中产生工频干扰电流，使仪器测试结果产生误差。本附录提供了回路阻抗法中判断仪器抗电流干扰水平的可行方法，在仪器交接验收、仪器抗电流干扰水平不明确、对测试结果有疑义等情况下，可按照以下方法检验测试。抗电流干扰水平测试接线如图D.1、图D.2所示，采用交流电压源在测试回路产生工频干扰电流，通过电阻测试仪测量结果与标准电阻间的误差水平判断抗电流干扰水平。测试步骤如下：（1）将交流电压源Us置为0V，标准电阻器RE设为1，此时电阻测试仪测量得到回路电阻为RE+r，从而获得交流电压源内阻r。（2）将标准电阻器RE分别置于1、5、10，15、20、30和50等阻值，在工频干扰电流AF分别为0.1A

5、10A范围内的多个点时，记录测试仪的测量值Ri，计算测量值Ri与电阻器标准值RE+r之间的误差Ri，Ri=Ri-(RE+r)。（3）标记能保证测试误差Ri/RE不大于5%的最大干扰电流，作为测试仪抗电流干扰水平。注：r交流电压源内阻，AF选频电流表，RE标准电阻器（模拟接地电阻）图D.1 钳形表抗电流干扰测试接线图 注：r交流电压源内阻，AF选频电流表，RE标准电阻器（模拟接地电阻）图D.2 四端子接地电阻测试仪抗电流干扰测试接线图（资料性附录）架空输电线路杆塔的回路阻抗法增量的估算在第一次使用回路阻抗法测量、缺乏与三极法对比的回路阻抗法增量数据时，对使用GJ35和GJ50单、双避雷线的架空输

6、电线路杆塔的回路阻抗法增量可按表E.1的公式进行估算，或按表E.2表E.9进行估算。表E.1的公式中，较小的数值是仪表在并联杆塔的中间一基杆塔测量所对应的回路阻抗法增量，较大的数值是仪表在并联杆塔的首端或终端杆塔测量所对应的回路阻抗法增量，未计及接触电阻的影响。表E.1 架空输电线路杆塔的回路阻抗法增量R的估算公式避雷线种类增量法增量R的估算公式GJ35单避雷线(1.695e-0.5283n+0.1690e-0.04856n) Rj-0.8349e-0.09132n+1.111e0.02003nR(1.906e-0.5283n+0.1312e-0.002748n) Rj+3.704e-0.01

7、420n-4.206e-0.2066n双避雷线(1.704e-0.5384n+0.1872e-0.06123n) Rj-0.6368e-0.05424n+0.7614e0.02117nR(1.647e-0.4919n+0.1185e-0.01021n) Rj-2.419e-0.1882n+2.030e-0.001004nGJ50单避雷线(1.696e-0.5210n+0.1574e-0.04050n) Rj-1.219e-0.1188n+1.501e0.0856nR(2.360e-0.6579n+0.1798e-0.01616n) Rj-4.333e-0.3400n+3.172e-0.0036

8、52n双避雷线(1.775e-0.5614n+0.2014e-0.06553n)Rj-0.7087e-0.08421n+0.8362e0.01965nR(1.753e-0.5171n+0.1260e-0.007979n) Rj-2.757e-0.2253n+2.218e-0.001833n注：表中n为测量所在线路区段中与避雷线连接的并联杆塔数量(n3),Rj为杆塔接地电阻。表E.2 GJ35单避雷线、中间测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=503

9、1.522.524.025.518.029.0210.512.514.015.520.525.541.332.023.034.045.706.377.378.79.7010.714.017.451.151.662.413.154.404.905.656.657.408.1510.613.161.141.572.192.803.804.204.805.606.206.808.8010.871.121.491.992.493.323.654.154.825.325.827.489.1581.121.481.932.373.093.383.814.384.815.236.668.0991.121.4

10、61.872.252.883.133.503.994.374.745.997.24101.121.461.862.212.783.003.343.784.124.455.566.67111.121.461.852.172.682.883.183.583.884.175.176.17121.121.461.852.172.652.833.113.473.744.024.925.83131.121.461.852.172.602.783.033.363.623.864.695.52141.121.461.852.172.602.783.033.363.623.864.545.31表E.3 GJ35

11、单避雷线、两侧测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5032.313.324.816.318.729.8011.313.315.316.321.326.342.242.983.994.986.647.318.309.6310.611.614.918.352.242.913.754.515.756.256.987.998.749.5411.914.562.242.933.694.345.375.776.367.167.758.3510.312.372

12、.252.943.694.305.215.556.066.737.237.729.3811.082.252.943.704.305.155.475.926.516.947.378.7910.292.252.943.714.315.145.215.876.416.807.198.459.70102.252.943.714.325.155.455.866.376.747.108.259.37112.252.943.714.325.165.465.866.366.727.068.149.18122.252.943.714.325.165.465.876.376.727.058.109.07132.2

13、52.943.714.325.165.465.886.386.727.068.088.97142.252.943.714.325.165.465.886.386.727.068.048.94表E.4 GJ35双避雷线、中间测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.272.263.765.267.768.7710.312.313.815.320.325.341.021.702.693.695.366.027.028.369.3610.413.7

14、17.050.841.342.082.834.084.585.336.337.087.8310.312.860.801.211.802.413.414.814.415.215.806.418.4110.470.761.091.592.092.923.823.754.424.925.427.088.7580.761.061.491.922.632.923.343.914.344.776.207.6290.761.021.401.772.382.633.013.513.884.255.506.75100.761.021.351.692.242.462.803.243.573.905.016.121

15、10.761.021.311.612.112.312.603.003.303.604.605.59120.761.021.311.612.032.222.482.843.123.394.295.20130.761.021.311.611.962.122.372.702.953.194.024.85140.761.021.311.611.962.072.302.602.833.063.834.59150.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.512.722.933.644.35160.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.452.652.853.514.171

16、70.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.402.582.773.394.00180.761.021.311.611.962.072.232.402.582.773.393.88表E.5 GJ35双避雷线、两侧测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.682.794.175.678.179.1710.712.714.215.720.525.741.522.193.184.175.846.507.508.839.8310.8

17、14.217.551.502.042.793.534.795.276.027.017.768.5111.013.561.502.042.633.224.224.615.216.006.607.209.1911.171.502.002.573.083.914.244.745.405.896.398.059.7181.502.002.553.023.754.034.465.025.455.877.298.7191.502.002.563.003.634.034.294.805.165.316.778.01101.502.002.563.003.613.834.214.654.985.176.417

18、.51111.502.002.573.003.613.834.154.574.885.096.177.15121.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.524.805.035.996.90131.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.775.015.886.72141.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.765.015.816.59151.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.776.50161.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.746

19、.41171.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.736.39181.502.002.573.003.613.834.134.504.755.015.736.39表E.6 GJ50单避雷线、中间测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.672.674.175.678.179.1710.712.714.215.720.720.741.492.203.234.235.906.577.578.909.90

20、10.914.217.651.331.842.593.344.595.095.846.847.598.3410.813.361.321.772.403.014.024.425.025.826.427.029.0211.071.311.702.222.723.553.894.385.055.556.057.719.3881.311.692.172.623.353.644.074.645.075.506.938.3691.311.692.122.523.153.403.784.274.655.026.277.52101.311.692.112.493.153.303.644.094.424.755

21、.876.98111.311.692.112.463.073.203.503.904.204.505.506.49121.311.692.112.452.993.163.443.814.094.365.286.18131.311.692.112.452.963.123.383.723.974.235.065.89141.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.683.924.164.945.71151.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.864.094.815.53161.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.844.054

22、.745.42171.311.692.112.452.933.123.383.643.814.024.675.31表E.7 GJ50单避雷线、两侧测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5032.663.685.186.689.1810.211.713.715.216.721.726.742.613.404.445.447.117.778.7710.111.112.115.418.852.623.374.255.046.306.807.559.229

23、.3110.012.515.062.623.384.224.925.986.397.007.808.408.9910.913.072.623.384.224.965.876.236.757.447.958.4510.111.882.623.384.234.905.846.186.667.287.738.179.6211.192.623.384.244.915.846.176.637.217.638.039.3410.6102.623.384.244.925.856.186.637.207.607.989.2110.3112.623.384.234.925.866.186.637.207.597

24、.969.1010.2122.623.384.234.925.876.196.637.207.597.979.0810.1表E.8 GJ50双避雷线、中间测量时回路阻抗法增量R典型值并联杆塔数量(基)对应Rj的回路阻抗法增量R()Rj=2Rj=4Rj=7Rj=10Rj=15Rj=17Rj=20Rj=24Rj=27Rj=30Rj=40Rj=5031.142.343.845.347.848.8410.312.313.815.320.325.341.121.802.803.805.466.137.138.469.4610.513.817.150.941.442.182.934.184.685.436

25、.437.187.9310.412.960.901.321.932.533.533.934.535.335.936.538.5310.570.871.221.712.213.043.383.874.545.045.547.208.8780.871.191.632.062.773.063.494.064.494.916.347.7790.871.161.541.922.542.793.163.664.034.405.656.90100.871.161.511.852.412.632.983.413.744.075.186.29110.871.161.481.782.282.482.783.183.483.784.775.77120.871.161.481.782.212.402.673.043.313.584.495.39130.871.161.481.782.152.322.572.903.153.404.225.05140.871.161.481.782.152.282.512.823.053.284.054.81150.871.161.481.782.152.242.452.742.953.163.874.