药学 英文论文写作材料与方法课件

1、How to Write a Paper for the International JournalsInstitute of Clinical PharmacologyCentral South University科技论文正文撰写最通用的结构方式： I Introduction M Methods R Results a and D DiscussionIMRaD格式How to Write the “Materials and Methods” Section Guo Wang2010-06-11“材料与方法” 主要是说明研究所用的材料、方法和研究的基本过程，它回答“怎样做”的问题，在论

2、文中起承上启下的作用。材料是表现研究主题的实物依据，方法是指完成研究主题的技术手段。Material: chemicals, experimental materials, animals or humansMethods: preparation, protocol, purposes of protocol and methods, methods, data analysis总的要求：Readers must be able to reproduce your results, evaluate the validity of your results and the soundness

3、 of your methods, and follow the logic in the paper. 一、描述的内容1、标题 大部分的标题采用“Materials and Methods”。但是根据内容不同，可以有所改变，例如：临床研究论文，标题可以具体为“Patients and Methods”，如果在临床研究中选取了正常人作为对照，那么标题应为“Subjects and Methods”。 drug trial / intervention; prospective / retrospective; randomized, blinded; sensitivity of method

4、; questionnaire; case report; guidelines; meta-analysis Selection and Description of Participants“Subjects Twelve healthy Swedish Caucasian men (n=9) and women (n=3) with a mean age of 33 years (range 2450) participated in the study. The subjects had a mean body mass index of 23.6 kg/m2 (range 20.02

5、6.8) and none was a smoker. They were selected from a panel of healthy subjects at the Division of Clinical Pharmacology at Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden. All were extensive metabolisers of CYP2D6, CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 based on prior genotyping, or phenotyping, or both. They reported to be medi

6、cation-free, including herbal drugs and contraceptive pills. Two additional subjects participated but took part in the first study phase only. They withdrew at their own request and not due to any adverse events.” Ethic Issue Technical Information Apparatus and Kits 主要仪器装备需要注明其型号、生产商名称，产地与国家； 有些仪器主要

7、部件的型号性能参数等需要写清楚，例如HPLC中的分离柱需要注明其长度，内径以及填充颗粒的型号等； reagents and drugs 试剂和药品要注明厂家，产地及国家; 国际非专利药品名称（INN）需优先注明； reagents and drugs（续） 试剂有时需要注明使用浓度、纯度、配方等，尤其是自行配制试剂，一些情况下还需要说明配制方法与过程; 临床试验所用药物必须注明剂型、剂量、给药途径、给药次数及总量等信息； Methods对已建立的方法直接引用参考文献,对已建立方法的改进应说明改良部分；Analytical methods Any method used to quantify

8、drug or metabolite concentrations in body fluids should be characterised at least by the following information: - Range of quantification (defined by an acceptable accuracy/precision and not by a factor above baseline noise), - accuracy and precision over the entire range of quantification, - recove

9、ry (if applicable) and stability information for the period of measurement. This information is needed either in the manuscript or must be available in a reference the author provides. Normally the methods should be described in such a detailed way that other researchers will be able to repeat it. S

10、tatistical AnalysisLast paragraph is statistical analysis -how data are summarized, statistical test, measurements compared, P value and software.二、时态与语态的运用 时态与语态的运用 ： A: 若描述的内容为不受时间影响的事实，采用一般现在时，如：“CYP2C19 genotype is an important determinant of voriconazole plasma levels. Individuals who are homoz

11、ygous poor metabolizers (PM), for example, generally have elevated plasma voriconazole levels, which might confound the determination of voriconazoledrug interactions. Therefore, each subjects CYP2C19 genotype was determined during the screening. Subjects were randomly assigned to a study drug group

12、 so that all groups included a similar proportion of homozygous poor CYP2C19 metabolizers. ” B: 若描述的内容为特定的过去行为或事件，则采用过去时，如： C: 读者已知进行实验或采用这些材料的人就是作者本人，因而一般习惯采用被动语态，如: D: 如果涉及表达作者的观点或方法，则应采用主动语态或不定式结构，如： “For the second trial, the apparatus was covered by a sheet of plastic. We believed that this mod

13、ification would reduce the amount of scattering.” “For the second trial, the apparatus was covered by a sheet of plastic to reduce the amount of scattering.”三、注意事项 药名尽可能用国际非专利药名（International Nonproprietary Names，INN 或 generic names）如 edetic acid (非EDTA), egtazic acid (非EGTA). 避免用代号，如 calcimycin (非A

14、-23187), enalaprilat (非 MK-422), mifepristone (非RU-486)。如必要专利名（brand 或 trade 或 commercial) 可在括号内用一次.非专利药名首字小写，如 ranitidine，captopril, 但专利名则需大写, 如Zantac，Capoten.性别、年龄、体重应有均数、标准差、范围.交代动物级别和动物饲养合格证号。大鼠和小鼠需至少2级才能报告。用SI单位（le Systme International dUnits） 如 25.4 mm (非 1 inch), gL-1 (非 mgml-1), molL-1 (非M or N). 如果在SI单位前有阿拉伯数字，则只用单位符号，而不用单位全名，如 1 s , 2 min, 3 h, 4 d, d 4 (the fourth day), 5 y 避免用符号“