高中英语二轮复习-动词不定式详细讲解课件

1、什么叫非谓语动词？1：当一个动词在句中做主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语或状语成份时就叫做非谓语。2.因为不同的成份必须用不同的词性，所以做各种成份的动词必须要变化其形式才能做对应的成份。1什么叫非谓语动词？1 三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关系是什么？ 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在 非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时发生在谓语表示的动作之前to do/to be done to do/to be done /to be doing ; doing/being done ; done; to

2、 have done/to have been done ; having done/having been done2 三 非谓语动词所表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作的先后关非谓语动词动名词分 词不定式现在分词过去分词3非动名词分 词不定式现在分词过去分词3动词不定式4动词不定式4不定式:是一种非限定性动词。1.非限定动词:是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词，2.动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。3.动词不定式的被动形式除了一般形式外还有其完成式和进行式。5不定式:是一种非限定性动词。5 一.基本形式： to+动词原形 二.其否定形式是:“not/never to do”

3、/not do.三.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化。不定式的构成:6 一.基本形式： to+动词原形 不定式的构成:6 肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V.原 否定：not/never + (to) + V.原 He likes to read novels. I saw him come. We decided not to buy that house.4) It is interesting to fly a kite. 5) Please let him not go there. 动词不定式的结构7 肯定： to + V.原 或者 (to)+ V

4、.原 H（2）特点 ： A .没有人称和数的变化C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式为 to be + 动词过去分词）B . 可以有自己的宾语和状语 动词不定式8（2）特点 ： C . 有时态和语态的变化（被动语态的形式1. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作宾语补足语4. 作定语5. 作状语6. 作表语7. 作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用91. 作主语2. 作宾语3. 作宾语补足语4. 作定语5. 动词不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to fi

5、nish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主语 宾语表语 定语 状语 宾补英语博客网10动词不定式To do that sort of thing 结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do 二. 时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式进行式完成式完成进行式不定式 to do to be done to be doing to have done

6、 to have been done to have been doing-11结构 : to do 二. 时态与语态主动语态被动语态一般式(1).They pretended not to see us.(2). He pretended to be sleeping. (3).She pretended to have known it before.(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.)(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前)(4).Were happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式表

7、示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续)12(1).They pretended not to see 三. 用法/ 功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn English well .(1). 主语1.单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数2.不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.isis13三. 用法/ 功能To see is to believe.三. 用法/ 功能To see is to believe.Its important to learn .(1). 主语不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用i

8、t作形式主语.14三. 用法/ 功能To see is to believe.It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth. for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.）of: adj. 多为 描述主语的品质特征 （kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.） 作主语It is easy _ her to learn English well.It is clever _ you to solve the problem.offor15It +be

9、+ adj. +for/of sb. to d5、轮到我们打扫教室了。 It is our turn_6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文） to clean the classroom.浪费时间就是缩短生命。练习16 to clean the classroom.浪费时间就是1、主语 + be + to do sth 主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/ dream / work / job 等 名词 1、My dream is to be a singer. 2、His work

10、is to clean the classroom every day.作表语我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。171、主语 + be + to do sth 1、My dre1、动词+ to do sth.常用动词有：want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / learn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ promise等 1、I hope to finish it

11、tomorrow . 2、She plans to go and teach in the country. 作宾语181、动词+ to do sth. 1、I hope to f1、Dont forget _.(关灯)2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）3、I dont want_. (依赖别人）4、Sam is learning_. (怎样开车）5、We promise _ the environment.(保护)to turn off the lightto go outto depend on othershow to drive a car练习t

12、o protect191、Dont forget _1、动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.1、The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.作宾补-对宾语进行补充说明 常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want 等201、动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do stThe teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help

13、.(4). 宾补五看 watch see look at observe notice三使 let make have 二听 listen to hear一感觉: feelwarn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等21The teacher told me to clean te.g. I made him do his work.He was made to do his work (by me).注意1 help 后面的“to”可省去e.g. They often help the grandma (to) carry water.2 see, hear, w

14、atch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to）22e.g. I made him do his work.He典型例题1) - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change?A. to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。2) Paul doesnt have

15、 to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。23典型例题233 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1). She could do nothing but cry.(2). I have no choice but to go.(3).What do you like to do beside

16、s sleep.243 不定式用在介词but, except, besides1、Let him _ the work at once. (finish / to finish)2、Do you like listening to other people_? (talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room. (enter /to enter )4、Please tell her _here on time . (come / to come)finishtalkto enterto come练习251、Let him _ the work

17、 at 5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）(to ) solveI wish you to stay with us.We were made to laugh by her story.265、Ill help you _this 放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work to do. I want to find something to drink.作定语不定式为不

18、及物动词时后面应有必要的介词。Im looking for a hotel _.A. stay B. stay at C. to stay D. to stay atD位置：27放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do .He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(5). 定语(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.)请给我一支写字的笔.Please give

19、 me a pen to write with.28I have something to say.(5). 定6. 作定语(后置）1.Do you have anything more_ 要说?2.She has a lot of work _做 every day .3. The old man has a house _ 住.4. She is a nice person_ 共事 .to say to doto live into work with296. 作定语(后置）to say to doto live 4. something, anything, nothing, every

20、thing等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。e.g. Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗304. something, anything, nothinI came here to see you.He got up early to catch the train.(6) 状语（表示目的或结果）in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现31I came here to see you.(6) 状语（(8)“疑问词不定式”用法 1. 不定式前可带what，who，w

21、hich，where, when, how, whose, 等疑问词, 这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例: He didnt tell me where to go. (直宾) I dont know what to say now.(宾语) I dont know what to do next. (宾语） He taught us how to use the computer(宾语补足语) 返回32(8)“疑问词不定式”用法返回32注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a res

22、t?33注意：在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简(7).独立结构to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.类似的结构34(7).独立结构to be frank, To tell t关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. eg: Would you like to go with me ? Id like to .(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省. eg: Would you like to be a teacher? Id

23、 like to be.35关于不定式中的小品词to (1).不定式中的动词上文已出现1、习惯于be used to _ 被用于be used to _Water is used to _ (put) out fires.I am used to _ (take) a walk after supper.2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢 比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。I prefer _ to _.介词 to 与不定式 to 的区别puttakingrunning swimmingdodoing361、习惯于be used to _介词 to All I did was to give him

24、 some advice . His dream is to travel all over the world. Lucy needs a friend to play with . He was the last guest to arrive . Its interesting to read a science fiction . 下列不定式作何种成分？（表语）（表语）（定语）（定语）（主语）37All I did was to give him someHe was glad to see you. My father offered to buy a computer for me

25、. He interviewed detective Ken to get some information . The doctor asked him to have more fruit and vegetables.（状语）（宾语）（状语）（宾语补足语）下列不定式作何种成分？38He was glad to see you. （状语）（宾1、 stop to do sth. 停下正在做的事去作另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止正在作的事 eg. When the teacher came into the classroom, the students stopped ta

26、lking. After he worked for an hour, he stopped to have a rest. 2、 forget / remember to do sth. 忘记/记得要去作某事 forget / remember doing sth. 忘记记得曾经做过某事 eg. Please remember to bring my book to school. I remember doing my homework 同义词比较39同义词比较39一、常使用动词不定式的短语 1、Its time to do sth. Its time for sth 该作某事的时候了.

27、2、cant wait to do sth. 迫不及待要作某事 3、ask /telle sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)作某事 4、allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人作某事 5、be supposed to do sth. 应该作某事 6、Would like /want (sb.) to do sth. 想要作某事 中考重点句型40中考重点句型40exercise41exercise41My teacher was made _ his teaching because of poor health.giving up B. to give

28、up C. give up D. given up2.The sentence wants _ once more.explained B. to explain C. being explained D. explaining3.The Arctic is considered _ the northern part of the Atlantic.having been B. to have beenC. to be D. beingDBC42My teacher was made _ his 4.The Emperor ordered the wonderful cloth _ for

29、him without delay.to have woven B. to be wovenC. to be weaving D. to weave5.I found the German language hard _.learned B. learning C. to be learned D. to learn6.The light in the office is still on. - Oh, I forgot _.turning it off B. turn it offC. to turn it off D. having turned it offBDC434.The Empe

30、ror ordered the wond几对易混淆的词组：stop to do sth. 停止去做某事 doing sth.停止正在做forget to do sth.忘记去做 doing sth.忘记已做了remember to do sth.记得去做 doing sth.记得曾经做44几对易混淆的词组：447.-How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? -The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.

31、to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve, made8. -What do you think of the school? -It is a very good _.school to study in B. school for children to studyC. studying school D. school to studyBA457.-How do you deal with the 9. -Did you get a job? - No, I _ , but its no us

32、e.expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned10.We find it impossible for the work _ ahead of time.to finish B. finishing C. being finished D. to be finished11.-I usually go to Shanghai by train. -Why not _ there by boat for a change?to try to go B. try going C. to try going D. try to go BDB469. -

33、Did you get a job?BDB4612._ a living, she had to work from morning till night.To make B. MadeC. Making D. To have made13. I would rather starve to death than _ for food.beg B. begging C. begged D. to beg14.The boy pretended _ when his mother entered.reading B. to read C. to be reading D. being readA

34、AC4712._ a living, she had to woExercise48Exercise481. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying2. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.not make B. not to make C. n

35、ot making D. dont make3. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job.expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects491. Robert is said _ abroad,4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.to see B. to be seen C. s

36、eeing D. see5. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.it what to do with B. what to do with it C. what to do it with D. to do what with it6. The mother didnt know _ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.A. who B. when C. how D. why 504. Having

37、 a trip abroad is cer7. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning8. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told h

38、im _. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to517. Paul doesnt have to be mad10. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B.eating not C. not to eat D.not eating11. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go

39、B. to have gone C. going D. having gone12. Charles Babbage is generally considered _the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented5210. The patient was warned _13. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening. A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D.

40、taking14. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep15. The teacher asked us _ so much noise. A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make5313. Little Jim should love _1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2中国人民决不会征服。The Chinese people refuse _3据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.4 根据报道他们已安全到达。They are reported _To love