高中英语-人教版新教材welcome-unit-discovering-useful-structures(共24张)课件

1、Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful Structures1Welcome UnitDiscovering Useful主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。什么是主语(subject)？The car is running fast（名词） We are students（代词） One of my classmates is from Shanghai（数词） Its bad manners to spit in public（不定式） Eating too much is bad for your health（动

2、名词） 2主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体一般由名词、代词、谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory（实义动词） I felt cold（系动词表语） How can I get to the station？（情态动词实义动词） Do you speak English？（助动词实义动词） They are working in a field（

3、助动词实义动词） 什么是谓语（verb）？3谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如： He is doing his homework（名词） They did nothing this morning（代词） She wants to go home（不定式） We enjoy playing football（动名词） 什么是宾语(object)？4宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象，一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词

4、有：be，look，get，sound（听起来），feel，become， smell，turn，taste尝起来）等。如： They are workers（名词） Two and three is five（数词） The story is very interesting（形容词） M y job（工作）is teaching English（动名词） She is at home（介词短语） I feel terrible（形容词） The dish tastes delicious（形容词） 什么是表语（ predicative ）？5表语：用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受，一般由名词

5、、数词、形容定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is！（形容词）She is a chemistry teacher（名词）There are two students in the classroom（数词） We have something to do tomorrow（不定式） The man in blue is my brother（介词短语） 什么是定语(attribute)？6定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等状语：用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短

6、语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前，短语或从句放在句首或句末。如： Thank you very much（副词） I get up at five in the morning（介词短语） He is studying hard so as to catch up with others（不定式短语） We were having breakfast when the telephone rang（从句） 【注意】enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如： He is old enough to go to school 什么是状语(adverbial)？7状语：

7、用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，一般由副词、介词短语状语种类如下： How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件状语） Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语） She came in with a

8、 dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语） She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） I am taller than he is.（比较状语） 8状语种类如下： 宾语补足语：用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，hel

9、p，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如： We elected him monitor（名词） I found it difficult to learn English well（形容词） The doctor told me to do more exercise（不定式短语） He is going to have his hair cut（过去分词） They saw a bird flying in the sky（现在分词） 什么是宾语补足语（ objectcomplement ）？9宾语补足语：用

10、于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与英语八种基本句型列式如下：1.S十V主谓结构2.S十P主系表结构3.S十V十O主谓宾结构4.S十V十IO十DO主谓+直接宾语+间接宾语5.S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构6.S 十V十O十A主谓宾状语结构7. S十V十A 主谓状语结构8. There be 10英语八种基本句型列式如下：10S + V + A(状语)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）We stopped to have a re

11、st.4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）Ill go swimming.主+谓 S十V11S + V + A(状语)主+谓 S十V112. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）We like English. I want to help him. (不定式） I dont know what to do. I enjoy living here. I dont think (that) he is right.主谓宾 +状语 (S 十V十O十A)I had my first maths class at senior high school.主+谓+宾(S 十

12、V十O)122. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）Class is over.主+系+表 S十P131) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）He6. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ ID（间宾）+ DO（直宾）I give you help.1) S + Vt + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book

13、.上述句型可以变为：S + Vt + N/Pron + To/for-phraseHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.主+谓+间宾+直宾S十V十IO十DO146. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ ID（间宾）+ DO（直2) S + Vt + N/Pron + That-clauseHe told me that the film was great.3) S + Vt + N/Pron + Wh-ClauseHe asked me what he should do.主+谓+间宾+直宾 S十V十IO十DO152) S + Vt + N/Pr

14、on + That-claS (主）+ Vt（谓）+ O（宾） + C（宾补）I make you clear. We named our baby Tom.He painted the wall white.She always keeps everything in good order.I wish you to stay.I made him workI heard my name called.I feel something moving.主+谓+宾+宾补S十V十O十C16S (主）+ Vt（谓）+ O（宾） + C（宾补）I There be Theres a lot to ex

15、plore at senior school.Theres always something exciting to do. 17There be Theres a lot to exp 2.Analyze the sentence structures The 100-year old school lies in the centre of the city.We must act.The maths homework looks easy.The teacher found the classroom empty.My mum bought me a new dictionary.Tom

16、 is looking forward to meeting the new exchange studentThere is an English Corner at our school.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.18 2.Analyze the sentence structHow would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his

17、classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. Theres always something exciting to do. And, aft

18、er a long day of study. He likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! 3.Analyze the structures of the underlined sentences 19How would you like to go to scHow to extend sentences?20How to extend sentences?20句子的扩展Hes swimming.Hes swimming in the river.Hes swimming in the river with Tim.Hes swimming in the river with Tim at the moment. 21句子的扩展Hes swimming.21Eg.He sells eggs.He sells hens eggs.He sells the best hens eggs.He sells the best hens eggs every Wednesday