初中英语词汇积累

1、 19/19初中英语词汇积累 初中英语词汇积累 UNIT 1 survey 调查；测验 add up 合计 upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦。ignore 不理睬，忽视 calm vt.vi（使）平静；（使）镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的calm ()down （使）平静下来；（使）镇静下来 have got to 不得不；必须 concern （使）担忧；涉及；关系 be concerned about 关心；挂念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose 松的；松开的 vet 兽医 go through 经历；经受 Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹

2、（荷兰首都） Netherlands 荷兰（荷兰国家） Jewish 犹太人；犹太族的 German 德国的；德国人的；德语的；德国人；德语 Nazi n.纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的 set down 记下；放下；登记 series 连续；系列 a series of 一连串的；一系列；一套 outdoors 在户外；在野外 spellbinding 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 为了 dusk 黄昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黄昏时刻 thunder v打雷；雷鸣；n雷；雷声 entire 整个的；完全的；全部的 entirely 完全地；全然地；整个地 pow

3、er 能力；力量；权力 face to face 面对面地 curtain 窗帘；门帘；幕布 dusty 积满灰尘的 no longernotany longer 不再 partner 伙伴；合；合伙人 settle 安家；定居；停留使定居；安排；解决 suffer 遭受；忍受；经历 suffer from 遭受；患病 loneliness 孤单；寂寞 highway 公路；大路；高速公路 recover 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 getbe tired of 对厌烦 pack 捆扎；包装；打行李小包；包裹 pack（sth）up 将（东西）装箱打包 suitcase 手提箱；衣箱 overcoa

4、t 大衣；外套 teenager 十几岁的青少年 get along with 与相处；发展 gossip 闲话；闲谈 fall in love 相爱爱上 exactly 确实如此；正式；确切地 disagree 不同意 grateful 感激的；表示谢意的 dislike 不喜欢；厌恶 join in 参加；加入 tip n.揭示；技巧；尖；尖端；消费 vt. 倾斜；翻到 secondly 第二；其次 swap 交换 item 项目；条款 1. add up 【探究】 1) Add up these figures, please. 2) Shall I add your name to t

5、he list? 3) The bad weather adds to our difficulties. 4) She added some salt to the soup. 【运用】 1) This kind of music _ _ _(能增加) my enjoyment. 2) Her answers have only_ _ (增加) his trouble. 3) The money that he spent on the house _ _ _ (合计共达)2,000 dollars. 4) Please _ the numbers and Im sure they will

6、 _ more than 1,000. A. add; add up B. add up; add up C. add up; add up to D. add to; add up 5) _ is known to all, good friends _happiness and value to life. A. It; add B. As; add C. It; add up D. As; add to 2. upset 【例释】 1) I upset the soup all over the table. 2) He has an upset stomach. 3) Dont ups

7、et yourself-no harm has been done. 【归纳拓展】 1）The news that his mother was ill_ him.(使他心烦意乱) 2) Tom was _(难过)because he had lost his ticket. 3. ignore 【例释】 Even the best of men ignored that simple rule. I tried to tell him but he ignored me. His letters were ignored. Never make your students feel igno

8、rant. 【归纳拓展】 1) _of law will bring you trouble.对法律的无知必会带给你麻烦。 2) He is _ (无知的) of music. 3) I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _me and walked on. A. refused B. ignored C. denied D. missed 4. calm【例释】 1) Its important to keep calm in a dangerous situation. 2) The teacher tried to calm the fr

9、ightened children. 3) He lit a cigarette to calm himself down. 【归纳拓展】 【辨析】 calm/peaceful/quiet/still/silent 1) calm主要指“风平浪静的”，也可指人“平静的，镇定的”。 2）peaceful指“和平的，没有战争的”。 3）quiet指“没有吵闹声的”；“没有噪音的”；“清静的”；“平静的”，强调“声音很低、很少或全然无声”。 4）silent强调“沉默不语”。 【运用】 1)_ _ (镇静下来) and tell us whats going on. 2) Its bad manne

10、rs to keep _ when the teacher asks you a question. 3）The sky is blue，and the sea is _. 4）Although she was frightened，she answered with a _ voice. 5）We are glad to live in a _ environment. 6）He had a _ life. 5. concerned Youll tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her but you will meet af

11、ter class and talk then. 告诉你的朋友你很关心他, 但你会在课后见他并告诉他。 【例释】 1) Police said they were concerned about the boys safety. 2) As far as Im concerned, the problem is over. 3) He wrote an article concerning the problems of overcrowded cities. 4) The girls poor health concerned her parents. 【运用】 1) He is never

12、 _ about what is going on. 2) The lecture _the environmental protection. 3) As far as they are _, you can go where you want. 4) His parents _ his safety. A. concern themselves with B. show no concern about C. are concerned about D. are concerned with 5) The news _your hometown. A. is concerned about

13、 B. is concerned in C. concerns D. concerns with 6. go through 或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你, 或者不理解你目前的困境呢? 【例释】 1) Peter has lost his job, and he is going through a very difficult time. 2) He is very successful considering what he has gone through. 3) How long will it take you to go through the book? 【归纳拓展】 【运用

14、】 1) With time _ _, we grew up quickly. 2) He _ _ all his money in one week. 3) The lights_ _ when we came in. 4) The police _ his bag, but found nothing. A. looked up B. turned in D. searched for D. went through 5) Did you have a good time at the party? As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time

15、 seemed to _ so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over 7set down 【例释】 1) Please set it down to my account. 2) You should set down the key language points in your notebook. 3) Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops. 【归纳拓展】 【运用】 1) I _ the temperatures every day

16、 in the notebook. A. set about B. set out C. set up D. set down 2) I liked his paper so much that I _ my own work and translated it into German. A. gave off B. turned down C .took over D. set aside 3) 翻译：我已将发生的每件事都记了下来。_ 8. in order to in order to do为了.(可置于句首或句中) 【例释】 1) He arrived early in order to

17、 get a good seat. =He arrived early in order that he could get a good seat. 2) I agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 【运用】 1)他早早动身以便按时到达。（翻译） _ 2）她拼命干以便能在6点时把一切都准备好。_ 9. settle 【例释】 1) The bird settled on a branch. 2) The old couple planned to settle in the country after they retired.

18、 3) Youd better settle the problem before supper. 4) He settled down in his armchair to read the newspaper. 1) The family settled _ a small town. A. in B. on C. over D. down 2) Why do you look worried? There are so many problems _. A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C. remaining to be settl

19、ed D .remained to be settled 3)他在故乡安顿下来。 _ 4)这个问题至今尚未解决。_ 10. suffer from 【例释】 1) Shes suffering from loss of memory.她患有遗忘症。 2) Many cities suffered a heavy loss in the earthquake. 3) He suffered from poverty all his life. 【归纳】 【运用】 1) 我们在这次灾难中损失惨重。 _ 2) All the villagers _ great damage during the f

20、ire. A.caused B. led to C.suffered D. suffered from 3) 用suffer的适当形式填空。 It is miserable (痛苦的) to see those patients _ from poverty and disease and we all want to do something to release these _ from their _ Unit 1 ANNES BEST FRIEND Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your dee

21、pest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. 安妮最好的朋友 你想不想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友？或者你会不会担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？安妮.弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，所以她把的日记视为自己最好的朋友

22、。 Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War II. Her family was Jewish so the had to hide or they would be caught by the German Nazis. She and her family hide away for two years before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, “I dont want

23、to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. 在第二次世界大战期间，安妮住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则就会被德国的纳粹分子抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了25个月之后才被发现。在那段时期，她

24、的日记成了她唯一忠实的朋友。她说：“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把我的日记当作自己的朋友，我把我的这个朋友叫做基蒂。”现在，来看看安妮自1942年7月起躲进藏身处后的那种心情吧。 Thursday 15, June, 1944 Dear kitty, I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a

25、time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. Thats changed since I was here. For example, when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. But

26、 as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. Another time some months ago, I happened to be upstairs one evening when the window was open. I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their po

27、wer; it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face SadlyI am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Ann

28、e 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我太久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里之后，这一切都变了。 比如说，有一天晚上天气很暖和，我故意熬到晚上11点半都不睡觉，为的就是能独自好好地看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我都不敢打开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的，我一直呆到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆黑的雨夜，刮着大风，电闪雷鸣，乌云滚滚，我完全被这种景象镇住了。这是我一年半以来第一次亲眼目睹的夜晚 不幸的是我只能透过那

29、满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自然是需要真正体验的东西。 你的安妮 难句剖析 1. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 译：_ _ 本句是一个主从复合句，if 引导的从句作wonder 的宾语，宾语从句中使用了It is that的强调句型，被强调的是because 引导的原因状语从句. 2)强调句型It is/was+被

30、强调部分 +that/who+原句中的其它部分，主要是对原句中的主语、宾语 和状语进行强调。 注意:It is /was .that. 中，is 和was由后面句子的时态确定。 除强调部分是人作主语可用who/that 之外，其他一律用that。 一般疑问句的句式为：Is/Was it . that.? 特殊疑问句的句式为：疑问词+is/was it that.? 判断一个句子是不是强调句型的法：把句中的It is/was 和that 去掉，看句子结构是否仍完整，若完整就是强调句型，否则就不是强调句型。 【运用】 http:/./doc/4f0400c917fc700abb68a98271fe

31、910ef02dae5b.html st Saturday her mother bought Rose a book in the bookstore.(分别对划线部分进行强调) _ _ _ _ _ It was along the river_ he spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where It was in the lab _ was near the school _they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which; that C. which; wher

32、e D. that; where 2. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 译： when a deep blue sky是_从句, 修饰_。常用句式：There was a time when. “有一段时间” There was a time when this country was one of the strongest count

33、ries in the world. 译:_ 3. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.译:_ 1) It is/was the first (second, third) time that sb. Have/had done sth.这是某人第一次(第二次、第三次等)做某事，it可以变成this/that,注意此句型中that从句中时态的使用。It is/was time for sb. to do sth. 到了干的时候了 It was the third time

34、that I _ _ (访问) Beijing. _ _ _ _ _ (这是第二次) we have come to the mountain village to see the homeless children. It is the second time I _ in Hainan. It is ten years since I _ it last time. A. had been; left B. have been; left C. have gone; had left D. went; had left It is time for us _ _ _.(起床) 4. I a

35、m only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. 译:_ hanging before very dusty windows 在句中是 _短语做后置定语, 修饰_. 5. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.观看这些已经不再是乐趣，因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。 1)it是形式主语，动名词短

36、语looking through these any longer是真正主语；类似的有It is no good doing.“做没有好处”； It is no use doing .“做没有用” 2)that really must be experienced. 在句中是定语从句，修饰_. UNIT2 subway 地下人行道；地铁 elevator 电梯直升机 petrol 汽油；（=gasoline） gas 汽油；气体；煤气；毒气 official 官方的；正式的；公务的 voyage 航海；航行 conquer 征服；占领 because of 因为；由于 native adj.本

37、国的；本地的；n本地人；本国人 come up 走近；上来；提出 apartment 公寓住宅；单元住宅 actually 实际上；事实上 AD 公元 base 以为根据；n 基部；基地,基础 at present 现在；目前 gradual 逐渐的；逐步的 gradually 逐渐地；逐步地 Danish 丹麦语；adj. 丹麦的；丹麦的人；丹麦语的enrich 使富裕；充实；改善 vocabulary 词汇；词汇量；词表 Shakespeare 莎士比亚 make use of 利用；使用 spelling 拼写；拼法 latter 较后的；（两者中）后者的 identity 本身；本体；

38、身份 fluent 流利的；流畅的 fluently 流利地；流畅地 Singapore 新加坡 Malaysia 马来西亚；马来群岛 such as 例如；想这种 frequent 频繁的；常见的 frequently 常常；频繁地 usage 使用；用法；词语惯用法 command 命令；指令；掌握 request 请求；要求 dialect 方言 expression 词语；表达；表示 midwestern 中西部的；有中西部特性的 African 非洲的；非洲人的；非洲语言的 Spanish 西班牙人；西班牙的 play a part (in) 扮演一个角色；参与 eastern 东方

39、的；东部的 southeastern 东南方的；来自东南方northwestern 西北方的；来自西北的 recognize 辨认出；承认；公认 lorry 卡车 Houston 休斯顿 Texas 德克萨斯州 accent 口音；腔调；重音 catfish 鲶鱼 lightning 闪电 straight 直接；挺直；直的；笔直的；正直的block 街区；块；木块；石块 cab出租车 1. voyage (P9 L2)/because of (P9, L3) Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conq

40、uer other parts of world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在17世纪英国人开始开拓征服世界其他地区。 1.1）The voyage from England to India used to take six months.过去从英国坐船去印度要花六个月的时间。 2）We made/ go on a voyage to America by air.我们乘飞机去美国。 2. Compare the two sentences: 1) We were late

41、 because it rained. 2) We were late because of the rain. 【归纳】 【运用】 1. Fill in the blanks: 1) They are here _ us. 2) He didnt come to school yesterday _he was ill. 3) He didnt come to school yesterday _his ill. 2.翻译： The Titanic sank on its maiden voyage. _ 2. the latter; identity (P10, L20) The latt

42、er gave a separate identity to American English spelling. 后者体现了美国英语拼写的不同特色。 【例释】 1) This latter point was of great importance. 后面这点极为重要。 2) Here are Tom and David; the latter is my brother. 这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。 3) His health has been deteriorating in these latter years. 最近几年他的健康越来越差。 4）His drivers licen

43、se proved his identity. 他的驾驶执照证明了他的身份。 5）Preserve the distinct identities of an old town 保留古镇的特征风貌 【归纳】 【运用】 Translate the following sentences: 1) The latter point is the most important. _ _ 2) John and Jim are brothers. The former is a teacher; the latter is an engineer. _ 3) He spent his latter ye

44、ars of his life in America. _ 4) Their identities were kept secret . _ 5) I cant identify this signature. _ 3. even if (P10, L5) Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English. ( 翻译) 以英语为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，他们也可以相互交流。 【例释】 1) Even if it takes me six

45、 weeks, I am determined to finish the job .即使这个工作要花掉 我六个星期的时间，我仍决心要把它完成。 2) Ill help you with English, even if/ though I dont sleep for a night. 尽管我一夜 没有睡觉，也要帮助你学习英语。 【归纳】 【运用】 1. Jack is making up his mind to get a ticket for the concert_ it means standing in a queue all night. A. as if B. even if

46、C. in case D. as long as Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 2. Even though I know there are a lot of difficulties in my way, I will never give up pursuing my dream. （翻译） _。 4. come up (P10, L8) Id like to come u

47、p to your apartment. ( 译) _。【例释】 1) A number of questions came up at the meeting. 会议上提出了许多问题。 2) Ill let him know if anything comes up. 如有什么事,我会告诉他的。 3) She came up and said, Glad to meet you. 她走过来说,很高兴见到你。 4) The teacher asked a difficult question, but finally Tom came up with a good answer. 老师出了一道

48、难题，但最终汤姆想出了一个很好的答案。 5) The seeds are just beginning to come up. 种子刚开始破土发芽。 6）The price of the steel is coming up all the time.钢材的价格一直在上涨。 7)When did this idiom come up?这写习语是什么时候流行的？ 【归纳】 _. Sorry I cant go with yousomething has suddenly come up. _. The seeds I sowed last week havent come up yet. _.

49、2)-Have you _some new ideas? -Yeah . I will tell you. A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with 5. be based on (P10, L11) It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 当时的英语更多的是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。 【例释】 1) The dance of Thousand-hand Guanyin was based on an ancient p

50、ainting.舞蹈千手观音是基 于一幅古老的绘画而创作的。 2) The machine rests on a wide base of steel.这个机器由一个很大的钢制底座支撑。 3) Our companys base is in Shandong, but we have branches all over the world.我们公司 的总部在山东，但在全世界都有分公司。 4) The parents based their hopes on the children. 父母把希望寄托在孩子们的身上。 【运用】 选择正确答案 1) We will have an exam nex

51、t week _the teaching plan. A. basing B. basing on C. based on D. based to 2) He based his idea_ scientific experiment. A. at B. with C. on D. in 3) 成功是建立在努力工作的基础上的。 翻译：_ 4)What is your_( base/basis) of your opinion? 6. at present (P10, L12) It was based more on German than the English we speak at pr

52、esent. 【例释】 1) At present, I dont have any more information. 目前，我们没有更多的信息。 2) At the present time, they are living in country. 目前，他们住在乡下。 1) How many people_ _ _(出席、参加) the meeting? 2)写出下面句中斜体字的意思 He gave his mother a present on Mothers Day. How many people were present at the meeting? What is your

53、present job? They presented flowers to their teacher. The people present at the meeting came from all over the world. 3) _ plans are being made for a play at the end of the summer holiday in order to collect money for the Hope Project. A. In the past B. In future C. At present D. So far 7. such as (

54、 P10, L25) English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. 在新加坡、马来西亚和非洲其他国家，比如南非，人们也说英语。 【例释】 They planted many flowers, such as roses, sunflowers.他们种了许多种花，如玫瑰花、向日葵 等。 2) Our monitor does very well in sports and games, swimming, _. 3)_ ,John has the sam

55、e opinion. 4) Pollution, _, is a big problem. 8. make use of (P10, L15) 【原句再现】 So by 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wide vocabulary than ever before . 所以到17 世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。 【例释】 1) We should make use of knowledge to build our country. 我们应该利用知识来建设祖国。 2) Now he can make use of mon

56、ey better than before. 现在，他比以前更会花钱了。 3) He makes good use of time to study. 他充分利用时间来学习。 4）It is more necessary than ever before for all of us to work hard.我们大家会比以往更需要努力工作。 【归纳】 【运用】 完成句子 1) He is _(正充分利用) the chance to travel the world. 2) It s raining hard_ _ _(比以前) 3) We should think of what use c

57、an _ such a material (材料) A. be made of B. be made from C. be made up D. be made in 4) You should make_ of the time at school or you ll regret A. nothing B. the most C. much D. everything 9. the largest number of (P10, L26) In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. ( 译 ) _ 【例释】

58、 1) A number of teachers are studying computers. 大量的老师在学电脑。 2) The number of the students in our school is 5,000. 我们学校学生的数量是5，000. 3) The number of birds has become smaller over the years.鸟的数量近几年下降了。 【运用】 用a number of与 the number of 填空 1) There are _ students in the picture. 2)_ the students has rea

59、ched 30,000 in our school. 3) The number of people invited_ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 10. command, request (P12) Can you find the following command and request from Reading? 你能从下面阅读找出命令和请求吗？ 【例释】 1) I command you t

60、o start at once. 我命令你立刻开始。 2) Our boss commanded that we all (should) go to collect market information. 老板命令我们都去搜集市场信息。 3) He made a request that I should help him. 他请求我能帮助他。 4) They requested us to reread the notice. 他们请求我们再读一遍通告的内容。 5) The guide requested that her visitors nor park her car at the