浙江版高考英语总复习专题十五《应用文写作（讲解练）》教与学

1、第五部分 写作专题十五 应用文写作高考英语 浙江专用清单一浙江高考应用文写作的特点分析1.浙江省应用文写作的命题选材很广,但其命题的主题都是和学生的日常生活有关的内容。到目前为止的所有考题都保持了这种特点。考点清单年份主题考试说明样题学生会组织学生到附近社区进行义务劳动2016年10月作为交换生到加拿大学习2017年6月组织郊游的活动邀请2017年11月邀请外教到自己家里过春节2018年6月应聘学校英语协会的志愿者2018年11月乘机时钱包丢失,向航空公司写求助邮件2019年6月外籍朋友要离境回国,发邮件表示感谢2.命题的要求包含描述一件事情的要素:时间、地点、人物、活动。其目的就是考查考生用

2、正确的语句讲清楚一件简单的事情的能力。写作时要注意其要点不仅仅是考题中以数字形式列出的项目,其背景介绍中也暗含了需要在文章中呈现的要点。3.从目前的考试趋势来看,应用文写作的要点呈现方式以文字提纲为主。清单二浙江高考应用文写作的解题思路1.认真研读考题,准确把握要点信息。解题时,我们首先要认真研读题目要求。每个字、每个要点都不要放过。要准确把握写作的要点,其中包括暗含的信息。如2019年6月的试题,要点有三条,而回顾Alex对自己的帮助是文章的重点,要多用笔墨。2.准确把握英语表述日常信息的句式结构。应用文写作考查的主要目的之一是学生表达日常信息的能力,是对语言基本功的考查。写作时我们一定要清

3、楚用英语表述一件事情时各个要素的呈现习惯。若一个句子同时含有时间和地点的表达方式:哪个在前?哪个在后?如2018年11月浙江卷: I flew business class on your FL 753 from China to London on November 1st, 2018.3.运用合适的意群、段落连接词。应用文的写作除了准确地表述日常信息,还要注意使用合适的连接词有效地将句子串联起来。如2018年11月浙江卷的考题,在介绍了自己的航班信息后,作者的语气和语义都有所转折,因此用but就比较合适:I flew business class on your FL 753 from C

4、hina to London on November 1st, 2018. But it was really a pity that on my arrival in London Heathrow Airport, I found my wallet gone.4.要适当使用“高级词汇”。“应用较多的语法结构和词汇”是浙江高考的要求之一。因此在写作中,要尽量多地使用比较高级的结构和词汇。如非谓语动词、从句等。如2019年6月浙江卷范文中的On the occasion of parting, I would like to express my deep gratitude to you.

5、使用了On the occasion of parting介词短语作状语。清单三浙江高考应用文写作的评判标准(一)评分原则1.本题总分为15分,按5个档次给分。2.评分时,先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次,然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次,最后给分。3.词数少于60和多于100的,从总分中减去2分。4.评分时,应注意的主要内容为:内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的丰富性和准确性及上下文的连贯性。5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。6.如书写较差,以致影响交际,将分数降低一个档次。(二)各档次的给分范围和要求

6、档次描述第五档(1315)完全完成了试题规定的任务。覆盖所有内容要点。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;具备较强的语言运用能力。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。完全达到了预期的写作目的。第四档(1012)完全完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉1、2个次重点,但覆盖所有主要内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。语法结构或词汇方面应用基本准确,些许错误主要是因尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。应用简单的语句间连接成分,使全文结构紧凑。达到了预期的写作目的。第三档(79)基本完成了试题规定的任务。虽漏掉一些内容,但覆盖所有主要

7、内容。应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,但不影响理解。应用简单的语句间连接成分,使全文内容连贯。整体而言,基本达到了预期的写作目的。第二档(46)未适当完成试题规定的任务。漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容,写了一些无关内容。语法结构单调,词汇项目有限。有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响了对写作内容的理解。较少使用语句间的连接成分,内容缺少连贯性。信息未能清楚地传达给读者。第一档(13)未完成试题规定的任务。明显遗漏主要内容,写了一些无关内容,原因可能是未理解试题要求。语法结构单调,词汇项目有限。较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误,影响对写作内容的理解。缺乏语句间的连

8、接成分,内容不连贯。信息未能传达给读者。0未能传达给读者任何信息:内容太少,无法评判;写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。清单四写作基础知识一、英语基本句型1.主语+系动词+表语(SVP)常见的系动词有:be(是),become(变成),look(看上去),seem(看起来),appear(显得),get(变得),feel(摸起来),grow(变得),turn(变成),remain(仍然是),come(变得),fall(变成),hold(保持),keep(保持),stand(保持),stay(保持),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来)等。常用作表语的有:

9、名词、形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语、从句等。如:This machine is in good condition.这台机器状况良好。The garden smells pleasant.这座花园香气怡人。2.主语+动词(SV)这一句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有宾语,但常带有状语。如:The water is boiling.水开了。The train will leave soon.火车马上就要开了。3.主语+动词+宾语(SVO)这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,它必须带有自己的宾语。在英文中,当一个动词(包括单个动词和动词短语)作及物动词时,它必须要有自己的宾语(除非宾语在上文很明确地提

10、到过,为避免不必要的重复,才会省去),否则会被视为“句子不完整”。如:He has a sister.他有一个妹妹。They wanted to have a rest.他们想休息一会儿。4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(SVOO)这一句型中常见的谓语动词有:give(给某人),bring(带给某人),tell(告诉某人),send(送给某人),leave(留给某人),pass(递给某人),read(给某人读),write(给某人写),take(给某人拿),show(给某人看),teach(教某人),get(给某人弄到),award(授予某人),lend(借给某人),rent(租赁给某人),

11、buy(给某人买),pay(支付某人),hand(递给某人)等。如:She brought me a shirt.她给我带来了一件衬衫。Pass him the dictionary,please.请将词典递给他。5.主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语(SVOC)此句型概括了这样一种情况:有些及物动词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构(即宾语+宾语补足语),在这一结构中,宾语补足语与前面的宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系或系表关系。宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词或介词短语充当。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:elect(选举),feel(感觉到),find(发现),get(使得),have(使,让),h

12、ear(听到),imagine(想象),keep(保持),make(使),notice(注意到),see(看见),let(使),smell(闻到),watch(注视,看),appoint(任命),believe(相信),call(称),catch(发现),allow(允许),ask(请求,要求),cause(使得),consider(认为),expect(预期),tell(告诉),think(想,认为),want(想要),wish(希望),listen to(听),look at(看,瞧)等。如:We elected him our monitor.我们选他当班长。The president

13、appointed John manager of Marketing.总裁任命约翰为营销部经理。The news made me happy.那则消息使我很高兴。我们要记住以上五个句型并不难,重要的是要利用这五个句型去阅读或写英文句子。这样,再长、再复杂的句子也可以被看成那么“几块”,即主语、谓语、宾语、补语、表语再加上定语、状语。这就如同“造框架建筑”,先定型,再完善。我们学语言也应该先从语言架构着手,再去解决细节问题。这就从写作的角度大大地提高了学习进度,从而也避免了那种“只见树木,不见森林”的错误倾向。题组训练翻译我爸爸也是一位老师。My father is also a teache

14、r.我们可以一起看电视。We can watch TV together.王林将给我们带上水和食物。Wang Lin will bring us water and food.你能帮我预订个房间吗?Can you help me to book a room?我将于8月5日到达。I will arrive on August 5th.二、句子的分类通常,我们可以从两个不同的角度对句子进行分类:一是按句子的用途;二是按句子的结构。按句子的用途分类,所有的英语句子可以分成四个种类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。如果按照句子的结构分类,英文句子可分为三个类别:简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句。这里所

15、说的结构,主要是指句子中主语和谓语之间所构成的关系。1.简单句简单句只有一个主谓关系。句子可能有两个或更多的主语,也可能有两个或更多的谓语,但是句子中的主谓关系只有一个。如:China and Chinese people are incredibly progressing in many aspects.(两个主语,一个谓语)中国和中国人民在很多方面以难以置信的速度在进步。Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention by people.(两个谓语,一个主语)计算机对人类很重要,并越来越受

16、到人们的重视。2.并列复合句并列复合句有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。这些主谓结构之间的关系是并列的、对等的。从语法上讲,所谓“并列”、“对等”是指任何一个主谓结构都能独立地表达意思,谁也不从属于谁。尽管如此,这些主谓结构在意思或逻辑上也有一定程度的内在联系。否则,它们就可能被分别写成简单句,而没有必要写在一起构成并列复合句了。在并列复合句中,要使两个或几个主谓结构(或者说分句)连接在一起,就要用并列连词。并列连词用来连接平行、对等(即互不从属)的分句。按其表示的不同意思有下面几种:(1)表示转折关系:but,yet如:Everything in the world is outside you

17、but health belongs to yourself.世界上的一切都是身外之物,但是健康却属于你自己。He has learned English for only one year,yet he can communicate with people in English.他才学了一年英语,但已能用英语与人交流了。(2)表示因果关系:for,so如:Youd better take an umbrella with you,for its going to rain.要下雨了,你最好随身带把伞。Ive got a meeting to attend,so I have to go n

18、ow.我要去开个会,所以现在我得走了。(3)表示并列、选择、递进等关系:and,or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not on-ly.but(also).如:She came to my house yesterday evening,and I went to hers.昨晚她来我家了,而我去她家了。Either you tell him the truth,or I do it.要么你告诉他真相,要么我来告诉他。3.主从复合句主从复合句明显不同于简单句,因为它有两个或两个以上的主谓结构。从表面上看,它与并列复合句相似,其实不然。并列复合句的几个主谓结构之间的关系是并列的

19、、对等的,而主从复合句中的主谓结构之间的关系不是并列的、对等的,其中只有一个主谓结构是主要的,其他的主谓结构都从属于那个主要的主谓结构。主要的主谓结构称作句子的主句,其他的主谓结构称作句子的从句或子句。主从复合句的从句(或子句)包括定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句(即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句)。三、写作常用的标点符号英语标点符号(Punctuation)同汉语标点符号有所不同。只有正确地使用标点符号,才能使你的英语作文锦上添花。乱用标点符号会严重影响作文得分。英语书面表达中常用的标点符号有:句号、逗号、分号、引号、冒号、问号和感叹号。注意:英语中没有书名号“”,英语中的书名、报刊

20、名、杂志名及其他出版物在印刷体中一般用斜体表示,在书写时可用引号。1.句号(Full stop/Period)句号表示说完一句话后的停顿,用在句子末尾。英语句号的写法是一个实心点,有别于汉语的空心圆。所以英语作文不能随便点点,以免造成误解。除一句话结束时用句点以外,在缩略词后面也用句点。和汉语不同,英语中的句点表示一个基本句型已经结束,而汉语的句号表示一个意思已经完整。我是老师,而他是学生。(I am a teacher.He is a student.或I am a teacher,while/but he is a student.)注意:英语中,不可用逗号连接两个句子。可用并列连词组成并

21、列复合句,或用关系词、从属连词或连接词组成主从复合句。2.逗号(Comma) 逗号表示一句话没有说完而暂时停顿,用在句子中间。逗号的主要作用有:(1)当两个成分或句子并列时,需用并列连词;当三个或三个以上的成分或句子并列时,最后两个句子或成分需用并列连词,前面的句子或成分可用逗号隔开。如:Mary got up early and went to school.玛丽早早起床去上学。Mary got up early,dressed herself quickly and went to school.玛丽早早起床,迅速穿好衣服去上学。(2)表示独立成分。如:The teacher,to tel

22、l you the truth,is his father.实话告诉你,那位老师是他父亲。(3)表示同位语。如:Kofi Annan,the former Secretary-General of the UN,has made great achieve-ments for the development of the world.联合国前任秘书长科菲安南为世界发展作出了巨大贡献。(4)表示句首的状语(非谓语动词作状语)。如:Hearing the good news,the little boy jumped with joy.听到这则好消息后,小男孩高兴地跳了起来。(5)表示句首或句尾的

23、非限制性定语从句。如:As everyone knows,he is the winner of the English contest.众所周知,他是英语竞赛的冠军。(6)表示称呼语。如:Mary,close the door.玛丽,关上门。(7)表示演说、书信、口头通知等的称呼语。如:Ladies and gentlemen,.女士们,先生们:(8)引出直接引语。如: The boy shouted,“Be careful!”那个男孩喊道:“小心!”3.分号(Semicolon)分号表示比逗号长的停顿。当没有连词的情况下把句子分开时,要用分号。另外,在however,therefore,n

24、evertheless等副词前也常用分号。如:They often play basketball;they are getting more and more healthy.他们经常打篮球,因此他们变得越来越健康了。4.引号(Quotation mark) 引号主要表示直接引语。引号分两种:双引号和单引号,在引号之内再用引号只能用单引号。如: The old man continued,“I was about to go into the lift when I heard a young man shoutHands up!”老人继续说道:“我正要进电梯,这时听到一个年轻人喊道举起手来

25、!”5.冒号(Colon)冒号主要用来引出下文,表示举例、摘录、解释、引语、对照等。如:The whole plan is as follows:.整个计划如下: What he told me is this:.他告诉我的是:6.问号(Question mark) 问号表示疑问,用于各种疑问句末尾。如: What are you going to do this weekend?这周末你要做什么?7.感叹号(Exclamation mark) 感叹号主要用在感叹句、感叹词和表示强烈感情的祈使句后面。如: What a fine day it is today!今天天气多好啊!My God!我

26、的天啊! Be quick,please!请快点!8.省略号(Ellipsis mark) 省略号表示言犹未尽的省略或相同内容的省略。英语省略号是三个点,居下。如:“Help!Help!.”everyone heard the voice from the river over there just now.“救命!救命!”刚才每个人都听到了从那边的河里传来的声音。9.破折号(Dash)破折号表示后面的内容是对前面的内容的解释,也表示意义的递进。如:The whole country welcomes your visityour visit to our country.举国欢迎您来我国访问

27、。10.连字符(Hyphen)连字符表示复合词的连接或单词的移行,连字符比破折号短。如:a five-year plan一个五年计划【特别识记】英语中,一个句子中如果有谓语动词,就一定要独立存在,用句号;或有并列连词组成并列复合句;或有关系词、从属连词或连接词组成从句。不可用逗号连接两个有谓语动词的句子。考生由于受汉语的影响,经常会出现这种问题。如:My family will be all at home then, we can watch TV together.这里实际上有两个谓语动词:be和watch, 因此不可以用逗号连接,而要改成下面的形式:My family will be a

28、ll at home then. We can watch TV together.My family will be all at home then, and we can watch TV together.清单五应用文专项表达得分靓句一、通知1.To promote the Sino-US cultural interaction.2.Aiming at raising students appreciation of English poems.3.The activity falls on., which will last.4.The meeting scheduled to b

29、e taken place this Tuesday afternoon is post-poned until further notice.5.A meeting is going to be held in Room 202 of Building 3 at 7 on the evening of Sep. 15.6.The people who will be present at the meeting are asked to be there before 9 oclock. 7.What will be dealt with at the meeting are. 8.No m

30、ore than three students from each class are welcome as representatives.9.The attendants are expected to arrive on time and take notebooks to write down important information.10.All the students are requested to be present at the meeting to be held in the school auditorium at 9 am on Saturday.二、申请职位1

31、.I am writing to apply for the post of.that you posted on.2.Seeing your advertisement on the Sunday Evening for., I felt it was just the kind of post for which.3.I am rather interested in the position you advertised in.4.I am blessed with.which apparently satisfies the demand of the post.5.The kind

32、of work in which your company is engaged particularly interests me.6.My proficiency in language as well as the cheerful temperament makes me well suited to the job.7.I have ample faith in my competence in.which may, in my opinion, be a satisfying advantage over others.8.It seems to me that this expe

33、rience, together with my education, has given me ideal preparation to assume the role of.in such a firm as yours.9.The job will definitely improve my capacity for.and enrich my experiences.10.I will be grateful to attend an interview at your convenience, when I could give you further details concern

34、ing myself.三、申请学校1.I would like to apply for admission to your college.2.My major interests are., and I understand your university has a good pro-gram in those fields.3.What documents should I prepare if I want to study in your school?4.Should you think favorably of my application, kindly grant me a

35、n interview.四、倡议书、建议信1.Im writing to appeal to.for., given that.has become a serious issue.2.Im writing to call on., since some of you may know that.3.Hopefully you will join in the action and extend warm help to those needy persons.4.Your kindness/attention/effort/donation/participation will be hig

36、hly valued.五、邀请函1.I am writing to invite you to attend., which is scheduled to be held +时间地点2.It is with the greatest pleasure that I write to cordially invite you to attend (the meeting)/May I take the opportunity to invite you to participate in the.in-tended for+参加对象3.Knowing that you have a prefe

37、rence for.(Hearing your preference for.), I am writing this letter to invite you to the.scheduled on.4.I think it would be a great idea if you could participate in.5.There will be a diversity of activities, ranging from.to.6.During the party, not only will you., but also you can.7.The routines/activ

38、ities include/cover.8.We would be greatly honored by your presence.9.Flooded with excitement and expectancy, I believe that your participation will bring happiness to us. Looking forward to seeing you then!10.If you accept our sincere invitation, please inform us at your earliest con-venience, enabl

39、ing us to make some necessary preparations in advance.11.If youre available, please confirm it at your earliest convenience. Looking forward to your involvement!12.We would be looking forward to your coming with great pleasure.六、感谢信1.I am writing to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your selfles

40、s/generous help.2.I am writing to express my appreciation for all that you did for me during.3.I would like to express my deep gratitude to you. 4.I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help while I was in England. 5.I would like to take this opportunity to express my great a

41、ppreciation for your timely help and assistance. 6.I would like to extend my sincere gratitude for your help.7.I can well remember that you., which., so.8.My memory flashes back to one year ago when.9.If you hadnt helped me, I wouldnt have made much progress.10.It was very/more than kind/generous/co

42、nsiderate of you to.11.I believe our friendship will last forever. 12.Wish all the best and a good journey back home.13.My true gratitude is beyond any description.14.Full of excitement and gratefulness, Id like to express thanks again and wish you a happy life. 15.Nothing could convey my gratitude

43、to you for.七、道歉信1.I am writing to express/extend my heartfelt apology to you for.2.I am absolutely sorry that I.3.Im indeed sorry to say that.4.I must give my truly apology to you for.5.Owing to/Due to/Resulting from.+ 原因6.The reason for.is that.7.That is the reason why.8.It is my fault that.9.I sin

44、cerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology.10.I sincerely hope the gulf between us can be bridged.11.I sincerely hope that we can turn over a new leaf.12.I assure that it will never happen again.13.I hope you can forgive me for.14.To make up my fault, I have decided to.15.I wi

45、sh you to forgive me for my.八、请求信1.Im writing to request you to help us to.2.I would be grateful if you could grant the request for.3.Will you be kind enough to give me.4.We really need your help in.九、询问信1.I am writing to know what qualifications are needed to apply for the posi-tion. 2.Im writing t

46、o obtain the relevant information concerning the courses you offer.3.I wonder if it is too late to apply for this position.4.Would you please be kind enough to send me an application form and other materials necessary for my application so that I can begin the application pro-cedure?十、投诉信1.Im writin

47、g to complain about. /Im writing to protest against.2.I am really upset that.3.I must warn you that unless you do something about the situation, I will be forced to take legal action.4.To be frank, I am not prepared to put up with the situation any more.5.Your serious consideration of my complaint w

48、ill be very much appreciated.清单六写作的基本原则一、主旨句原则一篇文章的开头(有时也可在结尾)有一个主旨句,也就有了中心,然后围绕主旨展开相关内容,这样的文章思路清晰,让人一目了然。否则,若把主旨隐藏在文章中,很可能使读者感觉云里雾里,不知所云。如:To begin with,you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam.(主旨句)Without sufficient preparation,you can hardly expect to answer all t

49、he questions correctly.开头一句赫然醒目,直接点题。二、条理性原则一般来说,如果一篇文章以第一、第二、第三或首先、其次、再次等罗列要点会让人感觉层次分明、条理清晰、逻辑性强。强烈推荐下列词或短语:1.to begin with,then,furthermore,finally 2.to start with,next,in addition,finally3.first,besides,last but not least4.most important of all,moreover,finally 5.for one thing,for another6.on(the

50、)one hand,on the other hand(用来说明不同的理由或原因)三、短语优先原则写作时,尤其是在考试时,如果正确使用短语,有两个好处:一是用短语会给文章增光添彩,自然会增加得分;二是学生在考场上有时因为过于紧张而造成思维短路,但还得凑够词数,那么用短语替代单词不失为一种好办法。比如:I cannot bear it.可以表达为:I cannot put up with it.这样词数明显增加,表达也非常准确。四、多实少虚原则写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西,不能空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词,少用虚词。这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们想表达一个人很好的时候,不应该

51、总用nice这样空洞的词,而是要使用一些诸如generous,humorous,interesting,smart,gentle,warm-hearted,hospitable 之类的形容词。这些生动形象的词语一定会让你的文章大放异彩,令人耳目一新。五、多变句式原则1.并列(串联)我们有时希望自己像 native speaker一样能写很长的句子,但又怕写错。要解决这一问题,最保险的写长句的方法是在句子之间加and,但它们之间最好是并列关系。如:I enjoy music and he is fond of playing the guitar.如果二者是并列的,我们可以用一个超级句式:not

52、 only.but also.。如:Not only is the fur coat soft,but it is also warm.2.转折(拐弯抹角)用了表示转折的词,可以使文章要点明确,重点突出。如:The car was quite old,yet it was in excellent condition.The coat was thin,but it was warm.表示转折的词或短语还有:however,nevertheless,in spite of,despite等。3.因果 文章中使用了表示因果关系的词后,可以让你的句式变得丰富多彩,语言富于变化,更具说服力。如:Th

53、e snow began to fall,so we went home.表示因果关系的词或短语还有:then,therefore,consequently,as a result,for 5.Your serious consideration of my complaint will be very much appreciated.this reason,so that等。4.失衡句(头重脚轻,或者头轻脚重)有时突然出现一个不合乎常理的句子,必然会吸引别人的注意力,显得与众不同。其实就是使用了主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。如:This is what I can do.Whether

54、he can go with us or not is not sure.5.附加定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语的恰当运用也会让人感觉你既有深厚的语法功底,又具有极强的语言表达能力。如:The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.I dont enjoy the book you are reading.Mr.Liu,our oral English teacher,is easy-going.6.排比文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此,如果要让你的文章更加精彩的话,可以使用多个对偶句、多个不定式、多个动词、多个短语等,如此表达将会使文

55、章有排山倒海之势。如:Whether your tastes are modern or traditional,complex or simple,there is plen-ty in London for you.Nowadays,energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil,coal,natural gas,solar heat,wind and ocean tides.We have got to study hard,to enlarge our scope of knowledge,to realize ou

56、r potential and to pay for our life.六、挑战极限原则 挑战极限听似很难,但并非高不可攀。在学生的文章中,很少发现诸如独立主格之类的句子,学生要么想不到,要么怕写错。其实这一语法项目并不难,它只是分词的一种特殊形式:分词要求前后主语一致,而独立主格则有自己的逻辑主语。如:The weather being fine,a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.Africa is the second largest continent,its size being about three t

57、imes that of China.这种句子出现在文章中一定会令人刮目相看,很自然地成为一个得分点。清单七常用应用文模板一、通知A (活动)is going to be held in (地点:从小到大)(时间:从小到大).(活动介绍:可以有12个句子). (活动要求和注意事项).二、邀请函Dear ,There will be a (内容)at/in (地点)on (时间). We would be honored to have you there with us. will start at (具体时间). It will be fol-lowed by a (进一步的安排). At

58、around (时间),(另一个安排).I really hope you can make it. Please reply us before (通知你的最后期限).Yours sincerely,Li Ming三、求职信Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to apply for the position that you have advertised in (信息来源媒体)on (信息发布时间).Not only do I have the qualifications for this job, but I also have the right per-

59、sonality for a (工作名称), because (原因).Should you grant me a personal interview, I would be most grateful. If you need to know more about me, please feel free to contact me at any time at (联系方式).Thank you for considering my application, and I am looking forward to meet-ing you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming四、

60、道歉信Dear ,I am truly sorry that (道歉的原因).The reason is that (介绍原因). Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apology and understand my situation. To make up for my fault, I (弥补的方式). I tru-ly beg your forgiveness. Yours sincerely,Li Ming五、建议信Dear ,You have asked me fo